Suchergebnisse

This book begins with a survey of precolonial peoples in Guinea-Bissau, early Portuguese settlement and the slave trade, indigenous resistance to colonial rule, the political economy of Portuguese nationalism, and the armed struggle for national independence. The political events and difficulties that characterized the first decade of independence are then analyzed. Economic advances and setbacks are also discussed, particularly in terms of current market reforms. Throughout, Guinean culture, religion, languages, education, and the role of women are highlighted. Finally, the author reflects on Guinea-Bissau's revolutionary past and examines its prospects through the close of the twentieth century. (DÜI-Hff)

How to achieve democratisation in the neopatrimonial and agrarian environments that predominate in sub-Saharan Africa continues to present a challenge for both development theory and practice. Drawing on intensive fieldwork in Western Uganda, this paper argues that Charles Tilly's 'democratisation as process' provides us with the framework required to explain the ways in which particular kinds of association can advance democratisation from below. Moving beyond the current focus on how elite-bargaining and certain associational forms may contribute to liberal forms of democracy, this approach helps identify the intermediate mechanisms involved in building democracy from below, including the significance of challenging categorical inequalities, notably through the role of producer groups, and of building trust networks, cross-class alliances and synergistic relations between civil and political society. The evidence and mode of analysis deployed here help suggest alternative routes for supporting local efforts to build democracy from below in sub-Saharan Africa.

As part of the rehabilitation of offenders, South Africa has emerged as one of the countries in the world that uses programmed reintegration of offenders into the communities. However, overcrowding in correctional facilities has implications for correctional officials' work in the reintegration of offender's programmes. This paper discusses overcrowding at Rooigrond Correctional Centre in the North West Province in South Africa and the implications it has for the work of correctional officials at the facility. The study applied a qualitative approach and a descriptive research design to capture the experiences of the correctional officials on the implication of overcrowding on the reintegration of offenders. Using the quota sampling method and semi-structured face-to-face interviews, ten correctional officials of different ranks participated in the study. Thematic data analysis employed showed that overcrowding in a correctional facility affects negatively the reintegration programmes at Rooigrond Correctional Centre making the rehabilitation process difficult and less effective. To enable and facilitate the successful reintegration of offenders into the communities, the study makes significant recommendations for consideration by correctional officials.

Proposes a reform of the civil service system in the countries of the Union. Suggests that the role of the state be redefined and its bodies restructured, that state personnel be managed by an independent body, and that an education, economic and statutory framework fostering the expansion of economic activity be created. (Original abstract - amended)

Includes bibliographical references. ; [Introduction] The first patients started on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Western Cape Province public health service began treatment as early as January 2001. These patients were funded jointly by non-government sources, such as the Desmond Tutu Foundation (DTF) and Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), and the state, on account of the then limited availability of government funding for ART. The government funded rollout of ART in South Africa began in April 2004. Concerns about poor adherence and viral resistance led to a nationwide emphasis on the development of a good monitoring system for ART. The Provincial Government of the Western Cape (PGWC) has, in conjunction with the World Health Organization (WHO). developed a monitoring system to provide quarterly outcome data for patients on ART. [Aims and Objectives] This study aims to describe and describe and analyse routine data produced on defined clinical and immunological outcomes of patients on ART by the monitoring system, thus assessing the feasibility of an ART programme in the public health sector in the Western Cape Province. [Methods] This study reviewed patient information captured in both the paper based monitoring system and electronic databases. Data on all patients started on ART since January 2001 until June 2005 was included in the study. The monitoring system, developed by the WHO, uses paper-based ART registers at clinics to capture relevant patient information. All patients less than 15 years of age were classified as chitdren. The baseline data recorded in the monitoring system is limited to the percentage of children with a baseline CD4 percentage < 15% and the percentage of children who were treatment-experienced.

Government of Nigeria ; Sasakawa Africa Association ; United States Agency for International Development

Ever since the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, Western states have identified security problems in Sub-Saharan Africa no longer as purely regional issues, but as international challenges as well. As a result, the EU and its member states and the USA have considerably expanded their attempts to tackle security-related challenges in Africa. Focus has been placed on the prevention and resolution of conflict, political institution and good governance reforms, state building, and combating terrorism. The results of these policies have often failed to meet expectations. In some situations, the objectives have proven to be too ambitious, while in others, Western policies have suffered from shortcomings of their own making. An additional factor, however, is often paid insufficient attention: the attitudes and behaviour of the very governments and political elites that rule weak states. These actors, indiscriminately called "partners" because Western actors rely on their cooperation, often do not share the interests of their external supporters. This report examines how the governments of externally dependent crisis states engage with Western policy prescriptions. Which strategies do local elites employ to shape Western policies in an effort to make them compatible with their own political interests? Three examples of Western efforts to reform fragile states in Africa are presented. They concern fairly typical Western security policies and how these are "successfully" handled by ruling elites in African states: crisis and conflict prevention in Chad, security sector reform in DR Congo, and counter-terrorism in Uganda. The report shows how Western policies towards Africa's crisis-ridden states run the risk of being used as instruments of local government elites. They can fail in their objectives (as in Congo and Chad) or have unexpected consequences, which present new problems such as authoritarian tendencies and increased levels of corruption (as in Uganda). The fact that such states are politically and economically ...