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BACKGROUND: Human genetic factors are important determinants of malaria risk. We investigated associations between multiple candidate polymorphisms-many related to the structure or function of red blood cells-and risk for severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and its specific phenotypes, including cerebral malaria, severe malaria anaemia, and respiratory distress. METHODS: We did a case-control study in Kilifi County, Kenya. We recruited as cases children presenting with severe malaria to the high-dependency ward of Kilifi County Hospital. We included as controls infants born in the local community between Aug 1, 2006, and Sept 30, 2010, who were part of a genetics study. We tested for associations between a range of candidate malaria-protective genes and risk for severe malaria and its specific phenotypes. We used a permutation approach to account for multiple comparisons between polymorphisms and severe malaria. We judged p values less than 0·005 significant for the primary analysis of the association between candidate genes and severe malaria. FINDINGS: Between June 11, 1995, and June 12, 2008, 2244 children with severe malaria were recruited to the study, and 3949 infants were included as controls. Overall, 263 (12%) of 2244 children with severe malaria died in hospital, including 196 (16%) of 1233 with cerebral malaria. We investigated 121 polymorphisms in 70 candidate severe malaria-associated genes. We found significant associations between risk for severe malaria overall and polymorphisms in 15 genes or locations, of which most were related to red blood cells: ABO, ATP2B4, ARL14, CD40LG, FREM3, INPP4B, G6PD, HBA (both HBA1 and HBA2), HBB, IL10, LPHN2 (also known as ADGRL2), LOC727982, RPS6KL1, CAND1, and GNAS. Combined, these genetic associations accounted for 5·2% of the variance in risk for developing severe malaria among individuals in the general population. We confirmed established associations between severe malaria and sickle-cell trait (odds ratio [OR] 0·15, 95% CI 0·11-0·20; p=2·61 × 10-58), blood group O (0·74, 0·66-0·82; p=6·26 × 10-8), and -α3·7-thalassaemia (0·83, 0·76-0·90; p=2·06 × 10-6). We also found strong associations between overall risk of severe malaria and polymorphisms in both ATP2B4 (OR 0·76, 95% CI 0·63-0·92; p=0·001) and FREM3 (0·64, 0·53-0·79; p=3·18 × 10-14). The association with FREM3 could be accounted for by linkage disequilibrium with a complex structural mutation within the glycophorin gene region (comprising GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE) that encodes for the rare Dantu blood group antigen. Heterozygosity for Dantu was associated with risk for severe malaria (OR 0·57, 95% CI 0·49-0·68; p=3·22 × 10-11), as was homozygosity (0·26, 0·11-0·62; p=0·002). INTERPRETATION: Both ATP2B4 and the Dantu blood group antigen are associated with the structure and function of red blood cells. ATP2B4 codes for plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (the major calcium pump on red blood cells) and the glycophorins are ligands for parasites to invade red blood cells. Future work should aim at uncovering the mechanisms by which these polymorphisms can result in severe malaria protection and investigate the implications of these associations for wider health. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, European Union, and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health as part of the Bill & Melinda Gates Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative.

The article considers the main socio-economic interests of the possibility of realizing the knowledge economy in Ukraine, from the individuals (society), business and the state. Determined separately, for each subject, the main tools of influence on the implementation of opportunities for the formation of knowledge economy, as well as drivers that contribute to its development. The main drivers (stimulators) were: creation of effective state institutions implementing high quality of life of the population; the existence of a high-quality educational system in the country capable of meeting the needs of the economy and society; availability of economically effective and competitive fundamental science in the country; a high level of development of human capital in its broad sense, etc. A study of the existing potential in Ukraine for the development of the knowledge economy and the existing foreign experience of consolidating the interests of society around this goal has been carried out. The risks and obstacles that restrict the process of satisfying the interests of society in creating a knowledge economy are defined in Ukraine. The most acute risks were: instability of the economic and political situation in the country; Immaturity of Ukrainian society, which manifests itself in the absence of adequate perception of reforms and changes; low level of trust of the population and subjects of economic activity to the state and reforms; insufficient level of social capital development in the country, etc. ; В статье рассматриваются основные социально-экономические интересы реализации экономики знаний в Украине, со стороны отдельных индивидов (общества), субъектов хозяйствования и государства. Определены отдельно, для каждого субъекта основные инструменты влияния на реализацию возможностей формирования экономики знаний, а также драйверы, которые способствуют ее развитию. К основным драйверам (стимуляторам), были отнесены: создание эффективных государственных институтов, реализующих высокое качество жизни населения; наличие в стране высококачественной системы образования способной удовлетворить потребности экономики и общества; наличие экономически эффективной и конкурентоспособной фундаментальной науки в стране; высокий уровень развития человеческого капитала в его широком смысле и др. Проведено исследование существующего в Украине потенциал для развития экономики знаний и имеющегося зарубежного опыта консолидации интересов общества вокруг этой цели. Определены риски и препятствия, сдерживающие в Украине процесс удовлетворения интересов общества в создании экономики знаний. К наиболее острым рискам были отнесены: нестабильность экономической и политической ситуации в стране; незрелость украинского общества, которая проявляется в отсутствии адекватного восприятия реформ и изменений; низкий уровень доверия населения и субъектов хозяйствования к государству и реформам; недостаточный уровень развития социального капитала в стране и др. ; В статті розглядаються основні соціально-економічні інтереси реалізації економіки знань в країні, з боку окремих індивіда (суспільства), суб'єктів господарювання та держави. Визначено, для кожного суб'єкту основні інструменти впливу на реалізацію можливостей формування економіки знань, а також драйвери, які сприяють її розвиток. До основних драйверів (стимуляторів), було віднесено: створення ефективних державних інститутів, які реалізують високу якість життя населення; наявність в країні високоякісної системи освіти здатної задовольнити потреби економіки та суспільства; наявність економічно ефективної та конкурентоспроможної фундаментальної науки в країні; високий рівень розвитку людського капіталу в його широкому розумінні, тощо. Досліджено існуючий в Україні потенціал для розвитку економіки знань та існуючий закордонній досвід загальної консолідації інтересів суспільства навколо цієї мети. Визначено ризики та перепони, які стримують в Україні процес задоволення інтересу суспільства щодо створення економіки знань. До найбільш гострих ризиків було віднесено: нестабільність економічної та політичної ситуації в країні; незрілість українського суспільства, яка проявляється у відсутності адекватного сприйняття реформ та змін; низький рівень довіри населення та суб'єктів господарювання до держави та реформ, які вона впроваджує; недостатній рівень розвитку соціального капіталу в країні та інше.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein) ; Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Affected women frequently have metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance and dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. PCOS is diagnosed with two different sets of diagnostic criteria, resulting in a phenotypic spectrum of PCOS cases. The genetic similarities between cases diagnosed based on the two criteria have been largely unknown. Previous studies in Chinese and European subjects have identified 16 loci associated with risk of PCOS. We report a fixed-effect, inverse-weighted-variance meta-analysis from 10,074 PCOS cases and 103,164 controls of European ancestry and characterisation of PCOS related traits. We identified 3 novel loci (near PLGRKT, ZBTB16 and MAPRE1), and provide replication of 11 previously reported loci. Only one locus differed significantly in its association by diagnostic criteria; otherwise the genetic architecture was similar between PCOS diagnosed by self-report and PCOS diagnosed by NIH or non-NIH Rotterdam criteria across common variants at 13 loci. Identified variants were associated with hyperandrogenism, gonadotropin regulation and testosterone levels in affected women. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis revealed genetic correlations with obesity, fasting insulin, type 2 diabetes, lipid levels and coronary artery disease, indicating shared genetic architecture between metabolic traits and PCOS. Mendelian randomization analyses suggested variants associated with body mass index, fasting insulin, menopause timing, depression and male-pattern balding play a causal role in PCOS. The data thus demonstrate 3 novel loci associated with PCOS and similar genetic architecture for all diagnostic criteria. The data also provide the first genetic evidence for a male phenotype for PCOS and a causal link to depression, a previously hypothesized comorbid disease. Thus, the genetics provide a comprehensive view of PCOS that encompasses multiple diagnostic criteria, gender, reproductive potential and mental health. ; This work has been supported by MRC grant MC_U106179472 (FD, KO, JRBP), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Developmental Funds, Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and Department of Biomedical Sciences Developmental Funds (MRJ), NCI P30CA177558 (CH), NCI UM1CA186107 (PK), European Regional Development Fund (Project No. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements No 692065 (TL, RM, AS) and 692145 (RM), NICHD R01HD065029 (RS), Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant IUT34-16 to TL), NICHD R01HD057450 (MU), NICHD P50HD044405 (AD), NICHD R01HD057223 (AD), R01HD085227 (MGH, AD), deCode Genetics (GT, UT, KS, US), Raine Medical Research Foundation Priming Grant (BHM), SCGOPHCG RAC 2015-16/034 (SGW, BGAS), 2016-17/018 (BGAS), NIHR BRC, Wellcome Trust, MRC (TDS), Eris M. Field Chair in Diabetes Research (MOG), NIDDK P30 DK063491 (MOG), NIDDK U01DK094431, U01DK048381 (DE), NICHD U10HD38992 (RL), Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant IUT34-16), Enterprise Estonia (grant EU48695); the EU-FP7 Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways (IAPP, grant SARM, EU324509 to AS), Wellcome (090532, 098381, 203141); European Commission (ENGAGE: HEALTH-F4-2007-201413 to MIM), MRC G0802782, MR/M012638/1 (SF), Li Ka Shing Foundation, WT-SSI/John Fell Funds, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Widenlife and NICHD 5P50HD028138-27 (CML), NICHD R01HD065029, ADA 1-10-CT-57, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, from the National Center for Research Resources 1UL1 RR025758 (CKW). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; Peer Reviewed

The cases of violation of the legislation on advertising of medical products, medical products, methods of prevention, diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation were investigated. Recommendations are given on how patients without medical education can identify ways of misleading them by representatives of medical business. There has been a problem with the advertising of drugs with unproven efficacy that do not actually have any therapeutic effect, and there are recommendations on how to use medication to check the effectiveness of drugs. Areas of critical analysis of information on means and methods of diagnostics and treatment that patients receive from physicians are offered.The biggest problem with the advertising of drugs, medical products and services is the deliberate manipulation of information. Such advertising prompts Ukrainians for self-treatment, which can lead to complications. In the Law of Ukraine 'On Advertising' there are very strict restrictions on medical advertising, but these are often neglected, cases of abuse are rather a rule than an exception. In our opinion, the advertising of medicines, medical goods and services should be dosed and balanced, it is necessary to involve the consultants — doctors, psychologists, who will tell how information of this or that group of people will be perceived in the process of its preparation. That is, the principle of 'no harm' should apply not only to drugs, medical goods and services offered in advertising, but also to the form of submission of this information.In addition, government social information campaigns are needed for people without medical education to encourage people to abandon self-treatment; to overcome ignorance, superstition and trust in obsolete and scientifically unreasonable and sometimes life-threatening treatments; to form the ability to distinguish the manipulative effect of medical advertising. ; Исследованы случаи нарушения законодательства о рекламе лекарственных средств, медицинских изделий, методов профилактики, диагностики, лечения, реабилитации. Приведены рекомендации, как пациентам без медицинского образования выявить способы введения их в заблуждение представителями медицинского бизнеса. Поднята проблема рекламы лекарств с недоказанной эффективностью, которые фактически не имеют никакого лечебного эффекта, и приведены рекомендации относительно того, как с помощью медицинских инструкций проверить механизм действия таких препаратов. Предложены направления критического анализа информации о средствах и методах диагностики и лечения, которую пациенты получают от медиков. ; Досліджено випадки порушення законодавства про рекламу лікувальних засобів, медичних виробів, методів профілактики, діагностики, лікування, реабілітації. Узагальнено рекомендації, як пацієнтам без медичної освіти виявити способи введення їх в оману представниками медичного бізнесу. Порушено проблему реклами ліків з недоведеною ефективністю, які фактично не мають жодного лікувального ефекту, та наведено рекомендації щодо того, як за допомогою медичних інструкцій можна перевірити механізм дії лікувальних препаратів. Запропоновано напрями критичного аналізу інформації щодо засобів та методів діагностики й лікування, яку пацієнти отримують від медиків.Найбільшою проблемою реклами ліків, медичних товарів та послуг є свідоме маніпулювання інформацією. Така реклама спонукає українців до самолікування, яке може призводити до ускладнень. У Законі України «Про рекламу» є дуже чіткі обмеження щодо медичної реклами, але цим доволі часто нехтують, випадки зловживань є скоріше правилом, аніж винятком. На нашу думку, реклама ліків, медичних товарів та послуг має бути дозованою та виваженою, до процесу її підготовки потрібно обов'язково залучати консультантів — лікарів, психологів, які підкажуть, як саме буде сприйматися інформація тією чи іншою групою людей. Тобто принцип «не нашкодь» повинен застосовуватися не лише до ліків, медичних товарів та послуг, які пропонують у рекламі, а й до форми подання цієї інформації.Окрім того, потрібні державні соціальні інформаційні кампанії для населення без медичної освіти, аби спонукати людей відмовлятися від практики самолікування; подолати необізнаність, забобонність та довіру до застарілих й науково необґрунтованих, а подеколи й небезпечних для життя способів лікування; сформувати вміння розрізняти маніпулятивний вплив медичної реклами.

This thesis consists of three self-contained essays in economics. Property Rights, Resources, and Wealth: Evidence from a land reform in the United States: This paper compares the effectiveness of two alternative property rights regimes to overcome the Tragedy of the Commons. One regime is to distribute access rights under public ownership, as proposed by Samuelson, the other is to sell land to generate private ownership as proposed by Coase. However, as property rights are not randomly allocated, causal evidence on the relative effectiveness of these two regimes is scarce. I exploit a spatial discontinuity generated by the 1934 Taylor Grazing Act, which created 20,000 miles of plausibly exogenous boundaries that separated publicly owned rangeland from open-access rangeland. I combine these boundaries with data on the timing of private-property sales to jointly estimate the effects of public and private ownership on resource exploitation and income in a spatial regression discontinuity design. Using satellite-based vegetation data, I find that both property rights regimes increased vegetation by about 10%, relative to the open-access control. Census-block-level income data reveals that public ownership raised private household income by 13% and decreased poverty rates by 18%. To study mechanisms, I exploit variation in pre-reform police presence and panel data on farm values, and show that legal enforcement through police presence is a necessary condition for the positive and long-lasting effects of both regimes to arise. State Repression, Exit, and Voice: Living in the Shadow of Cambodia's Killing Fields: This paper asks whether state repression is an effective strategy for silencing dissent and changing political beliefs. We use evidence from history's most severe episode of state-led repression, the genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, to estimate the effects of political violence on political behavior four decades later. To establish causality, we rely on the Khmer Rouge's desire to create an agrarian society, moving forced labor to areas experiencing higher agricultural productivity. Using historic rainfall to generate exogenous variation in productivity shows that more people died in productive communes. Higher productivity under the Khmer Rouge leads to more votes in favor of the opposition over the authoritarian incumbent and increased support for democratic principles. At the same time, citizens become more cautious in their interactions with the local community as captured by lower participation in community organizations and less trust. Our results suggest that state repression makes people more convinced about the need for opposing views but more careful in expressing them, making politics less personal and more competitive. The Effects of Migration and Ethnicity on African Economic Development: Migration between countries has been shown to have positive effects on economic outcomes such as trade by fostering economic and cultural integration. In Africa, where ethnic identification is reasonably strong, omitting ethnic links between countries likely introduces a considerable bias in the estimates. Following the literature, I use past migrant clusters as instruments to show that migration in 1990 led to more bilateral exports for neighboring countries in the period 1989-2014. To account for the ethnic heterogeneity of African countries, I generalize this approach and use pre-colonial ethnic linkages between of home- and foreign-countries as an instrument for migration. The results suggest a downward bias when not accounting for ethnic heterogeneity. I discuss potential concerns of pre-colonial ethnic linkages and find no evidence of omitted variable biases caused by similar languages, preferences, or conflict. Ethnic connections instead facilitate trade, especially for groups that are excluded from government coalitions. The results are consistent with a model of international trade where cross border connections decrease the fixed costs of exporting.

We present the first data release of high-resolution (≤0.2 arcsec) 1.5-GHz radio images of 103 nearby galaxies from the Palomar sample, observed with the eMERLIN array, as part of the LeMMINGs survey. This sample includes galaxies which are active (low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions [LINER] and Seyfert) and quiescent (H II galaxies and absorption line galaxies, ALGs), which are reclassified based upon revised emission-line diagrams.We detect radio emission ≳0.2 mJy for 47/103 galaxies (22/34 for LINERS, 4/4 for Seyferts, 16/51 for HII galaxies, and 5/14 for ALGs) with radio sizes typically of ≲100 pc. We identify the radio core position within the radio structures for 41 sources. Half of the sample shows jetted morphologies. The remaining half shows single radio cores or complex morphologies. LINERs show radio structures more core-brightened than Seyferts. Radio luminosities of the sample range from 10 to 10 erg s: LINERs and HII galaxies show the highest and lowest radio powers, respectively, while ALGs and Seyferts have intermediate luminosities. We find that radio core luminosities correlate with black hole (BH) mass down to ~10 M, but a break emerges at lower masses. Using [OIII] line luminosity as a proxy for the accretion luminosity, active nuclei and jetted HII galaxies follow an optical Fundamental Plane of BH activity, suggesting a common disc-jet relationship. In conclusion, LINER nuclei are the scaled-down version of FR I radio galaxies; Seyferts show less collimated jets; HII galaxies may host weak active BHs and/or nuclear star-forming cores; and recurrent BH activity may account for ALG properties.© 2018 The Author(s). ; The authors thank the referee for a quick publication and the helpful comments from A. Laor and A. Capetti for the interpretation of the results. RDB and IMcH acknowledge the support of STFC under grant [ST/M001326/1] and IMcH thanks the Royal Society for the award of a Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship. We acknowledge funding from the University of Southampton for a Mayflower studentship afforded to DW. EB and JW acknowledge support from the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council [grant number ST/M503514/1] and [grant number ST/M001008/1], respectively. CGM acknowledges financial support from STFC. JHK acknowledges financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 721463 to the SUNDIAL ITN network, and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant number AYA2016-76219-P. DMF wishes to acknowledge funding from an STFC Q10 consolidated grant [ST/M001334/1]. BTD acknowledges support from a Spanish postdoctoral fellowship 'Ayudas para la atraccion del talento investigador. Modalidad 2: jovenes investigadores, financiadas por la Comunidad de Madrid' under grant number 2016-T2/TIC-2039. FP has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD project (grant agreement No. 654215). We also acknowledge the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, which is funded by the STFC. eMERLIN and formerly MERLIN is a National Facility operated by the University of Manchester at Jodrell Bank Observatory on behalf of STFC. This publication has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 730562 [RadioNet].

Context. There have been conflicting results with respect to the extent that radial migration has played in the evolution of the Galaxy. Additionally, observations of the solar neighborhood have shown evidence of a merger in the past history of the Milky Way that drives enhanced radial migration. Aims. We attempt to determine the relative fraction of stars that have undergone significant radial migration by studying the orbital properties of metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.1) stars within 2 kpc of the Sun. We also aim to investigate the kinematic properties, such as velocity dispersion and orbital parameters, of stellar populations near the Sun as a function of [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H], which could show evidence of a major merger in the past history of the Milky Way. Methods. We used a sample of more than 3000 stars selected from the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We used the stellar parameters from the Gaia-ESO Survey along with proper motions from PPMXL to determine distances, kinematics, and orbital properties for these stars to analyze the chemodynamic properties of stellar populations near the Sun. Results. Analyzing the kinematics of the most metal-rich stars ([Fe/H] > 0.1), we find that more than half have small eccentricities (e 7 kpc. We find that the highest [Mg/Fe], metal-poor populations have lower vertical and radial velocity dispersions compared to lower [Mg/Fe] populations of similar metallicity by ~10 km s. The median eccentricity increases linearly with [Mg/Fe] across all metallicities, while the perigalacticon decreases with increasing [Mg/Fe] for all metallicities. Finally, the most [Mg/Fe]-rich stars are found to have significant asymmetric drift and rotate more than 40 km s slower than stars with lower [Mg/Fe] ratios. Conclusions. While our results cannot constrain how far stars have migrated, we propose that migration processes are likely to have played an important role in the evolution of the Milky Way, with metal-rich stars migrating from the inner disk toward to solar neighborhood and past mergers potentially driving enhanced migration of older stellar populations in the disk.© ESO, 2018. ; The authors thank Ivan Minchev for a useful discussion and the anonymous referee for useful comments. M.R.H. and A.R.B. received financial support from ANR, reference 14-CE33-0014-01. S.F. and T.B. acknowledge support from the project grant >The New Milky Way> from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under program ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant >Premiale VLT 2012>. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France and NASA's Astrophysics Data System.

Türkiye'de Avrupa Birliği müzakere sürecinde önemli bir rolü bulunan sivil toplum kuruluşları ülkenin sosyal ve ekonomik kalkınması açısından da önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle ülkede farklı kamu kurumları aracılığıyla sivil toplum kuruluşlarına hibe desteği verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de sivil toplum kuruluşları kapsamında yer alan derneklere verilen hibeler ele alınmıştır: Derneklere hibe desteği sağlayan Dernekler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ulusal Ajans, Kalkınma Ajansı, Gençlik Spor Bakanlığı, Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı – Merkezi Finans ve İhale Birimi tarafından verilen hibe destekleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında, şu konulara dair anket formu aracılığıyla bilgiler toplanmıştır: a) derneklerin hibe desteği sağlayan kurumlar hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi, b) kurumların tanıtımı, c) hibe programlarının başvuru ve uygulamaya dair süreçlerinde kolaylık ve zorluk düzeyleri, d) hibe programlarına dair bilgilendirme yolları, e) derneklerin kullandıkları hibe programından kendilerine sağlanan katkı, f) derneklerin katkı sağladıkları sivil toplum alanındaki muhtelif konular g) dernekler hibe programlarından yararlanmamış iseler yararlanmama nedeni. Bu çalışmanın kapsamı Ankara'da faaliyet gösteren derneklerle sınırlı tutulmuştur. Uygulanan anket kapsamında, araştırmaya katılan derneklerin verdiği yanıtlar arasında 199 anket değerlendirme için yeterli bulunmuştur. Ankete verilen cevaplar SPSS Programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçta; derneklerin hibe programları hakkında bilgi düzeylerinin artırılması gerektiği ve bu amaçla, hibe desteği sağlayan kurumların tanıtım faaliyetlerini farklı/çoklu bilgilendirme yöntemlerini kullanarak yaygınlaştırması gerektiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, derneklerin hibe programından yararlanmak için sundukları projelerin objektif ve tarafsız olarak değerlendirildiğine dair duyulan güven eksikliğinin giderilmesi ve bu bağlamda, hibe desteği için sunulan projelerin değerlendirilmesinde rol alan destek birimi uzmanlarının rekabeti olumsuz şekilde etkileyecek tutum ve davranışlardan kaçınarak tarafsızca bilgi paylaşımından bulunması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. ; Civil society organizations in Turkey, which play an important role with regard to the ongoing negotiations for Turkey's membership to EU, have a significant role in social and economic development of country. In this regard, various civil society organizations are given grants provided by different public institutions. This study surveys grants provided to associations which are considered to be civil society organizations: grants provided by Directorate of Headquarters for the Associations, National Agency, Development Agency, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry for European Union Affairs, and Central Finance and Contract Unit are evaluated. During the course of this study, a questionnaire form is used to collect data concerning the following points: a) the associations' level of information about the grant providing institutions, b) the availability of promotional information about grant providing institutions, c) ease and difficulties encountered during application and implementation processes concerning grant programs, d) ways and means providing information concerning grant programs, e) benefits obtained by the associations through using grant programs, f) various fields of civil society organizations supported by associations, g) reason for the failure of associations to benefit from grant programs in case they are not provided with access to use of grants. The coverage of this study is limited by the associations within Ankara. During the process of the present study, 199 questionnaires among the total questionnaires returned from the associations are considered sufficient for the evaluation of the subject. Responses provided through the questionnaire are evaluated by the SPSS program. In conclusion, it is deemed useful to underline that associations should be provided with increased information about the grant programs and that grant providing institutions should enhance their promotional activities to encourage such associations to apply for the grant programs. In addition, reasons leading to the applicant associations' lack of trust in the fair evaluation of the projects submitted for gaining grants need to be eliminated, while experts taking part in evaluations of such projects should share relevant procedural information with all applicant associations and avoid any attitude leading to unfair competitions.

The cases of violation of the legislation on advertising of medical products, medical products, methods of prevention, diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation were investigated. Recommendations are given on how patients without medical education can identify ways of misleading them by representatives of medical business. There has been a problem with the advertising of drugs with unproven efficacy that do not actually have any therapeutic effect, and there are recommendations on how to use medication to check the effectiveness of drugs. Areas of critical analysis of information on means and methods of diagnostics and treatment that patients receive from physicians are offered.The biggest problem with the advertising of drugs, medical products and services is the deliberate manipulation of information. Such advertising prompts Ukrainians for self-treatment, which can lead to complications. In the Law of Ukraine 'On Advertising' there are very strict restrictions on medical advertising, but these are often neglected, cases of abuse are rather a rule than an exception. In our opinion, the advertising of medicines, medical goods and services should be dosed and balanced, it is necessary to involve the consultants — doctors, psychologists, who will tell how information of this or that group of people will be perceived in the process of its preparation. That is, the principle of 'no harm' should apply not only to drugs, medical goods and services offered in advertising, but also to the form of submission of this information.In addition, government social information campaigns are needed for people without medical education to encourage people to abandon self-treatment; to overcome ignorance, superstition and trust in obsolete and scientifically unreasonable and sometimes life-threatening treatments; to form the ability to distinguish the manipulative effect of medical advertising. ; Исследованы случаи нарушения законодательства о рекламе лекарственных средств, медицинских изделий, методов профилактики, диагностики, лечения, реабилитации. Приведены рекомендации, как пациентам без медицинского образования выявить способы введения их в заблуждение представителями медицинского бизнеса. Поднята проблема рекламы лекарств с недоказанной эффективностью, которые фактически не имеют никакого лечебного эффекта, и приведены рекомендации относительно того, как с помощью медицинских инструкций проверить механизм действия таких препаратов. Предложены направления критического анализа информации о средствах и методах диагностики и лечения, которую пациенты получают от медиков. ; Досліджено випадки порушення законодавства про рекламу лікувальних засобів, медичних виробів, методів профілактики, діагностики, лікування, реабілітації. Узагальнено рекомендації, як пацієнтам без медичної освіти виявити способи введення їх в оману представниками медичного бізнесу. Порушено проблему реклами ліків з недоведеною ефективністю, які фактично не мають жодного лікувального ефекту, та наведено рекомендації щодо того, як за допомогою медичних інструкцій можна перевірити механізм дії лікувальних препаратів. Запропоновано напрями критичного аналізу інформації щодо засобів та методів діагностики й лікування, яку пацієнти отримують від медиків.Найбільшою проблемою реклами ліків, медичних товарів та послуг є свідоме маніпулювання інформацією. Така реклама спонукає українців до самолікування, яке може призводити до ускладнень. У Законі України «Про рекламу» є дуже чіткі обмеження щодо медичної реклами, але цим доволі часто нехтують, випадки зловживань є скоріше правилом, аніж винятком. На нашу думку, реклама ліків, медичних товарів та послуг має бути дозованою та виваженою, до процесу її підготовки потрібно обов'язково залучати консультантів — лікарів, психологів, які підкажуть, як саме буде сприйматися інформація тією чи іншою групою людей. Тобто принцип «не нашкодь» повинен застосовуватися не лише до ліків, медичних товарів та послуг, які пропонують у рекламі, а й до форми подання цієї інформації.Окрім того, потрібні державні соціальні інформаційні кампанії для населення без медичної освіти, аби спонукати людей відмовлятися від практики самолікування; подолати необізнаність, забобонність та довіру до застарілих й науково необґрунтованих, а подеколи й небезпечних для життя способів лікування; сформувати вміння розрізняти маніпулятивний вплив медичної реклами.

Three chapters constitute the main structure of this contribution. The first chapter investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralization and regional health outcomes, as measured by infant mortality rates, in Italy. The paper employs a panel of all Italian regions over a period of 17 years (from 1996 to 2012), applying a linear Fixed-Effect model. Two different quantitative measures of fiscal decentralization are used, which capture the degree of regional decision-making autonomy in the allocation of tax revenues and the extent of regional transfer dependency from the central government (i.e vertical fiscal imbalance). Methodologically, to account for the temporal dynamics of the decentralization impact, the robustness of the findings is checked, among others, with respect to the use of an Error Correction Model, which allows to disentangle short and long run effects. The analysis also deals with the issue of heterogeneous distributional geographical responses by modelling the asymmetric impact of decentralization on infant mortality rates according to the level of regional wealth. The second chapter addresses the issue of convergence. Here the main research questions are whether health outcomes in Italy converge/diverge over time and, more importantly, whether decentralization has played a somewhat role in the convergence/divergence process. Using a pooled dataset with the same time span as the previous one, the conventional measures of sigma- and beta- (both absolute and conditional) convergence are estimated for two different regional health outcomes (i.e. infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth). Again, two measures of decentralization are employed in order to catch both the degree of fiscal regional decision-making autonomy (i.e. the same indicator as in chapter 1) and the political decentralization dynamics (i.e. a dummy variable taking the value of 1 after the introduction of the 2001 constitutional reform). From a methodological point of view, the real novelty of the analysis is to take spatial dependence and neighbourhood effects among the regions into consideration. Modelling the impact of decentralization through an interaction term, the speed of convergence is found to be significantly affected by the level of decentralization. The third and last chapter deals with the issue of the effects of decentralization from a different but related viewpoint. Compared to the previous chapters, it examines descriptively the administrative aspects of decentralization by a lower (micro) level perspective, looking at the managerial autonomy of local healthcare structures. The emphasis is here on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in enhancing accountability and improving the performance of healthcare system, in general, and the quality of hospital care, in particular. Though the focus is not specifically on the Italian system, the analysis is particularly relevant for this country, where regional governments, in charge of the responsibilities for the financing and the delivery of healthcare, act through a network of Local Health Authorities i.e. public entities with their own budgets and management, which directly run small public hospitals -, public hospital trusts with full managerial autonomy and accredited for-profit private providers. The understanding research hypothesis here is that the way in which the financial incentive schemes for providers are designed and structured is likely to affect their effectiveness in pursuing the expected results (e.g. improved efficiency and quality of healthcare service delivery). However, the same incentive is expected to work differently according to the provider s degree of decision-making autonomy and its utility function.

Seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) can play a crucial role in reducing vulnerability to climate variability, particularly for rural populations reliant on agriculture for their livelihood. The use of disseminated SCF by farmers in decision-making could reduce losses and maximise benefits in agriculture. Despite the potential usefulness of SCF, incorporating them into farming decisions is a complex process that navigates through several barriers which constrain their effective use. The first two barriers, namely credibility (trust on SCF) and scale (relevance of SCF in geographical space and time), originate from the limitations of SCF associated with the form in which they are produced. In this study, credibility and scale are investigated as limitations of SCF, which potentially bar the uptake and use of SCF in Bobirwa sub-district. The second group of barriers are beyond the SCF themselves but limit their effective use and emanate from biophysical, socio-cultural and economic factors. This study examines whether credibility and scale are barriers to the use of SCF in Bobirwa farmers' decision-making, investigates how SCF are used in decision-making, and seeks to find out how the barriers are overcome. To make these investigations, qualitative data was collected from subsistence agro-pastoral farmers in eight villages in Bobirwa sub-district of Botswana using semi-structured interviews. Data was collected considering gender to allow for gendered analysis. Themes related to the main study questions were identified from the data and analysed for the number of people who mentioned the themes. It was found that all 47 farmers interviewed coincidentally had access to SCF and the majority used SCF in their decision-making, while only a handful of farmers were non-users of SCF. The results show that scale (both temporal and spatial) is a barrier for users of SCF, whereas credibility is a major constraint for non-users of SCF in Bobirwa. To cope with the barriers, farmers mainly use local knowledge to complement SCF. Additionally, farmers apply advice from Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and use economic information in their decisions to deal with the barriers. Despite the barriers, some farmers indicated that using SCF was beneficial in increasing harvests, providing warnings and minimising losses of crops and livestock. However, disadvantages of using SCF were also highlighted, including lost crops, seeds and harvest, and missed opportunities to plant because of lack of temporal and geographical detail in the forecasts. The barrier of credibility has contributed to a few non-users resorting to using traditional planting, possibly making them vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability. A gendered analysis shows that almost equal proportions of both males and females use SCF. Moreover, women use SCF for crop farming while men use it for livestock management, which is aligned to traditional roles in Botswana. It is also revealed that, unlike women who only use local knowledge and MoA advice to overcome SCF limitations, a few men also use economic ventures, which could make men less vulnerable than women farmers. Strong networks between scientists and farmers can reduce the perceived credibility barrier, and innovative ways of reducing the scale barrier can be devised. Therefore, recommendations from the study include continuous engagement with farmers to understand their decisionmaking context in order to tailor the information to their local context as much as science permits. Government programmes should be designed to integrate SCF to build farmers' resilience to climate variabilities. The impacts on livestock farming, which is dominated by men, need to be given as much prominence in SCF information as arable farming. Forecasters should continue to improve credibility and scale without compromising either factor to avoid chances of contributing to the vulnerability of farmers particularly women, who mostly rely on SCF for crop production.

Phenotypic variance heterogeneity across genotypes at a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may reflect underlying gene-environment (G×E) or gene-gene interactions. We modeled variance heterogeneity for blood lipids and BMI in up to 44,211 participants and investigated relationships between variance effects (P$_v$), G×E interaction effects (with smoking and physical activity), and marginal genetic effects (P$_m$). Correlations between P$_v$ and P$_m$ were stronger for SNPs with established marginal effects (Spearman's ρ = 0.401 for triglycerides, and ρ = 0.236 for BMI) compared to all SNPs. When P$_v$ and P$_m$ were compared for all pruned SNPs, only BMI was statistically significant (Spearman's ρ = 0.010). Overall, SNPs with established marginal effects were overrepresented in the nominally significant part of the P$_v$ distribution (P$_{binomial}$ <0.05). SNPs from the top 1% of the P$_m$ distribution for BMI had more significant Pv values (P$_{Mann-Whitney}$ = 1.46×10$^{-5}$), and the odds ratio of SNPs with nominally significant (<0.05) P$_m$ and P$_v$ was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.57) for BMI. Moreover, BMI SNPs with nominally significant G×E interaction P-values (P$_{int}$<0.05) were enriched with nominally significant P$_v$ values (P$_{binomial}$ = 8.63×10$^{-9}$ and 8.52×10$^{-7}$ for SNP × smoking and SNP × physical activity, respectively). We conclude that some loci with strong marginal effects may be good candidates for G×E, and variance-based prioritization can be used to identify them. ; This research was undertaken as part of a research program supported by the European Commission (CoG-2015_681742_NASCENT), Swedish Research Council (Distinguished Young Researchers Award in Medicine), Swedish HeartLung Foundation, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation, all grants to PWF. DS is supported by the Swedish Research Council International Postdoc Fellowship (4.1-2016-00416). TVV is supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship within Endocrinology/ Metabolism at International Elite Research Environments via NNF16OC0020698. TWW was supported by the grants "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung": BMBF-01ER1206, BMBF- 01ER1507. APM is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science (grant WT098017). LAC acknowledges funding for the Framingham Heart Study: This research was conducted in part using data and resources from the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and Boston University School of Medicine. The analyses reflect intellectual input and resource development from the Framingham Heart Study investigators participating in the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project. This work was partially supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (Contract No. N01-HC-25195 and Contract No. HHSN268201500001I) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc for genotyping services (Contract No. N02-HL-6-4278). A portion of this research utilized the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA-II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. This research was partially supported by grant R01-DK089256 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (MPIs: I.B. Borecki, LAC, K. North). TOK was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF—1333-00124) and Sapere Aude program grant (DFF—1331-00730B). RM would like to acknowledge the High Performance Computing Center of University of Tartu. EGCUT was supported by EU H2020 grants 692145, 676550, 654248, 692065, Estonian Research Council Grant IUT20-60, and PerMed I NIASC, EIT—Health and European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Project No, 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012 GENTRANSMED).

Cette étude examine les dilemmes auxquels sont confrontés les professionnels de la santé mentale sur l'inclusion de la famille dans les projets thérapeutiques de l'attention à la personne avec la souffrance mentale. Les entretiens semi-structurés avec des professionnels de la santé mentale de deux centres de soins psychosociaux dans le Sud-Est du Brésil. L'analyse thématique du contenu a défini quatre catégories - rencontrer la famille: l'insécurité et de rivalité; prise de responsabilité; objectif principal: le diagnostic ou la nécessité?; la confiance, le lien et la différence. En référence à la notion de rencontre d'éthique dans la philosophie de Spinoza, on constate, comme questions qui doivent être évaluées, discutées et comprises dans des réflexions professionnelles sur l'orientation de ses pratiques, dans les appels aux membres de la famille: la famille idéale, la culpabilisation du familial et la responsabilisation pour les soins de la personne souffrant de troubles mentaux. ; This study examines the dilemmas faced by mental health professionals in the inclusion of the family in the projects of therapeutic care to the person with psychological distress. Semi-structured interviews with mental health professionals from two psychosocial care centers in the Southeastern region of Brazil were conducted. The content analysis pointed out discursive regularities that delineated four categories: serving the families: insecurity and rivalry; taking responsibility; primary focus: diagnosis or necessity?; trust, bonding and difference. Having the ethical philosophy of Spinoza and the politics of mental health care in Brazil as reference, the following are identified as issues to be evaluated and included in the reflections of the professionals on the assumptions that guide their practices in serving the families: the ideal of family, blaming the family and accountability for the care of patients with mental distress. ; Este estudio examina los dilemas que enfrentan los profesionales de la salud mental en la inclusión de la familia en los proyectos de atención terapéutica a la persona con trastornos psicológicos. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas con profesionales de la salud mental, dos centros de atención psicosocial en el sudeste de Brasil. El análisis temático de contenido señaló cuatro categorías - conocer a la familia: la inseguridad y rivalidad; asumiendo la responsabilidad; objetivo principal: el diagnóstico o necesidad; confianza, vínculo y diferencia. Al referirse a la filosofía ética de Spinoza y la política de atención de salud mental en Brasil, se identifican como temas a ser evaluados en las reflexiones de los profesionales en los supuestos que guían sus prácticas con la familia: la familia ideal, culpar a la familia y la responsabilidad por el cuidado de los enfermos mentales. ; Este estudo analisa os impasses enfrentados pelos profissionais de saúde mental na inclusão da família nos projetos terapêuticos de atenção à pessoa com sofrimento psíquico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde mental de dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da região Sudeste do país. A análise temática do conteúdo apontou regularidades discursivas que delinearam quatro categorias: atender a familiares: insegurança e rivalização; tomada de responsabilidade; foco principal: diagnóstico ou necessidade?; confiança, vínculo e diferença. Tendo como referência o conceito de encontro da ética na filosofia de Spinoza, são apontadas, como questões a ser avaliadas, discutidas e incluídas nas reflexões dos profissionais na orientação de suas práticas e nos atendimentos aos familiares: ideal de família, culpabilização do familiar e responsabilização pelo cuidado da pessoa com transtorno mental.

Primordial figures and parenting styles are especially relevant to the way that young adults establish relationships and transitions over their emotional journeys. Satisfactory relations within the parent-child dyad play a leading role in establishing secure romantic relationships and maintaining or increasing the psychological well-being of young adults. This study aims to analyze the effect of parenting styles on the romantic relationships of young adults and to test the mediating role of psychological well-being in the parent-child association. The sample included 787 university students between 18 and 25 years of age. Data collection was performed using the following self-reporting instruments: the Parental Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), the Romantic Attachment Questionnaire,and the Psychological Well-being Measurement Scale. The results point to a positive predictor effect of democratic parenting styles in relation to psychological well-being and trust in romantic attachments, as well as a negative effect on ambivalence regarding romantic attachment and dependence on that attachment.Psychological well-being also functions as a variable mediating the association btween democratic parentingstyles and romantic attachment.Keywords: Attachment, parenting styles, romantic attachment, psychological well-being. ; La vinculación a las figuras primordiales y los estilos parentales asumen especial relevancia en la forma como los jóvenes adultos establecen sus relaciones y transiciones a lo largo de su recorrido afectivo. Las relaciones satisfactorias entre el par padre-hijos ejercen un papel preponderante en el establecimiento de las relaciones amorosas seguras y en el mantenimiento o aumento del bienestar psicológico del joven adulto. El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo analizar el efecto de los estilos parentales en la vinculación amorosa dejóvenes adultos, así como el probar el papel mediador del bienestar psicológico en la asociación anterior. La muestra fue constituida por 87 jóvenes universitarios con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25 años. La recolección de datos fue realizada recurriendo a instrumentos de autorelato, principalmente Parental Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), Cuestionario de Vinculación Amorosa y la Escala de Medida de Manifestación del Bienestar Psicológico. Los resultados apuntan para un efecto predictor positivo del estilo parental democrático relativamente al bienestar psicológico y a la confianza en la vinculación amorosa, así como un efecto negativo frente a la ambivalencia y dependencia de la vinculación amorosa. Se comprueba, además, el papel del bienestar psicológico como variable mediadora en la asociación en un estilo parental democrático y la vinculación amorosa.Palabras clave: vinculación, estilos parentales, vinculación amorosa, bienestar psicológico. ; A vinculação às figuras primordiais e os estilos parentais assumem especial relevância na forma como os jovens adultos estabelecem as suas relações e transições ao longo do seu percurso afetivo. As relações satisfatórias entre a díade pais- filhos exercem um papel preponderante no estabelecimento de relações amorosas seguras e na manutenção ou aumento do bem-estar psicológico do jovem adulto. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar o papel dos estilos parentais e da vinculação amorosa no desenvolvimento do bem-estar psicológico. A amostra foi constituída por 787 jovens universitários com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 25 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada com recurso a instrumentos de autorrelato, nomeadamente, ParentalStyles and DimensionsQuestionnaire: Short Version (PSDQ), Questionário de Vinculação Amorosa e a Escala de Medida de Manifestação do Bem-estar Psicológico. Os resultados apontam para um efeito preditor positivo do estilo parental democrático relativamente ao bem-estar psicológico. Verifica-se ainda, o papel do bem-estar psicológico enquanto variável mediadora na associação entre um estilo parental democrático e a vinculação amorosa.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Cambridge Commonwealth Trust ; UK Science and Technology Research Council (STFC) ; Raymond and Beverly Sackler visiting fellowship at the Institute of Astronomy ; U.S. Department of Energy ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain ; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom ; Higher Education Funding Council for England ; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago ; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University ; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University ; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; University of California at Santa Cruz ; University of Cambridge ; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid ; University of Chicago ; University College London ; DES-Brazil Consortium ; University of Edinburgh ; Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich ; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ; Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC) ; Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Ludwig-Maximilians Universitar Munchen ; University of Michigan ; National Optical Astronomy Observatory ; University of Nottingham ; Ohio State University ; University of Pennsylvania ; University of Portsmouth ; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory ; Stanford University ; University of Sussex ; Texas AM University ; OzDES Membership Consortium ; National Science Foundation ; MINECO ; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa ; European Research Council under the European Union ; ESO ; Australian Astronomical Observatory ; ICREA ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; National Science Foundation: AST-1138766 ; MINECO: AYA2012-39559 ; MINECO: ESP-201348274 ; MINECO: FPA2013-47986 ; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa: SEV-2012-0234 ; European Research Council under the European Union: 240672 ; European Research Council under the European Union: 291329 ; European Research Council under the European Union: 306478 ; ESO: 179.A-2010 ; ESO: 096.A-0411 ; Australian Astronomical Observatory: A/2013A/018 ; Australian Astronomical Observatory: A/2013B/001 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N004493/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M003914/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K004182/1 ; We present the discovery and preliminary characterization of a gravitationally lensed quasar with a source redshift z(s) = 2.74 and image separation of 2.9 arcsec lensed by a foreground z(l) = 0.40 elliptical galaxy. Since optical observations of gravitationally lensed quasars showthe lens system as a superposition of multiple point sources and a foreground lensing galaxy, we have developed a morphology-independent multi-wavelength approach to the photometric selection of lensed quasar candidates based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) supervised machine learning. Using this technique and gi multicolour photometric observations from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), near-IR JK photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) and WISE mid-IR photometry, we have identified a candidate system with two catalogue components with i(AB) = 18.61 and i(AB) = 20.44 comprising an elliptical galaxy and two blue point sources. Spectroscopic follow-up with NTT and the use of an archival AAT spectrum show that the point sources can be identified as a lensed quasar with an emission line redshift of z = 2.739 +/- 0.003 and a foreground early-type galaxy with z = 0.400 +/- 0.002. We model the system as a single isothermal ellipsoid and find the Einstein radius theta(E) similar to 1.47 arcsec, enclosed mass M-enc similar to 4 x 10(11) M-circle dot and a time delay of similar to 52 d. The relatively wide separation, month scale time delay duration and high redshift make this an ideal system for constraining the expansion rate beyond a redshift of 1.