Suchergebnisse

Maģistra darba mērķis - apskatīt pašvaldības teritorijas plānojuma jēdzienu, veidus, pašvaldības teritorijas plānojuma vietu kopējā teritorijas plānošanā, kā arī tā kontroles mehānisma vēsturisko attīstību. Papildus tam darbā tiek apskatīta pašvaldības teritorijas plānojuma ārējās un iekšējās kontroles būtība un subjekti, ar kuru palīdzību kontrole tiek īstenota, analizēta tiesu prakse teritorijas plānošanas kontrolē un skaidrots, kādas nepilnības ir Latvijas Republikas normatīvajos aktos pašvaldības teritorijas plānojumu kontrolē un, vai šobrīd kontroles mehānisms ir tik efektīvs, ka sabiedrība pilnībā var paļauties uz to un tā rezultātā tiek nodrošināta tiesisku vides prasībām atbilstošu pašvaldības teritorijas plānojumu, lokālplānojumu, detālplānojumu un to grozījumu izstrāde. Secinājums - kontrole nav efektīva. Atslēgvārdi: pašvaldības teritorijas plānojums, iekšējā kontrole, ārējā kontrole, Satversmes tiesa. ; The aim of this master thesis is to have a detailed look at spatial planning concept, various types, role of the municipality in the comprehensive territorial planning and historical development of control mechanism. Additionally, the thesis looks at the essence and subjects of inner and outer control of spatial planning in municipality which contribute to the implementation of the control. The work analyses court cases in relation to spatial planning control explaining shortcomings in the legal framework of Latvia with regards to control of spatial planning and whether the mechanism is effective enough that the society can fully rely on it and that on the basis of this mechanism spatial planning, local planning, zoning and amendments to these are in line with the rule of law.

Includes index. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; OSU's copy 1 gift of Richard S. Kain, Parliamentarian.

On 9 and 10 February 2015, the University of Granada hosted the International Colloquium on Rabbis and Synagogues in the Mediterranean Context. The event was organized by Lorena Miralles Maciá, Carmen Caballero Navas and Daniel Muñoz Garrido and received support from the University of Granada, The Rothschild Foundation (Hanadiv), the Spanish Association of Hebrew and Jewish Studies (AEEHJ in its Spanish acronym), the research project Language and Literature of Rabbinic and Medieval Judaism (FFI2013-43813-P, funded by the State Secretariat for Research, Development and Innovation – Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness), the Regional Government of Andalusia and the Euro-Arab Foundation for Higher Studies (in whose Granada headquarters the colloquium was held). The colloquium was open to all (prior notification of attendance was the only requirement) so that anybody interested in the world of Hebrew and Jewish studies could attend as long as space was available, regardless of whether or not they were affiliated with an institution of higher learning…

Lately, I've been thinking about the richly suggestive phrase "trade and." What does it mean? Is it shorthand for new topics on the expanded trade agenda, such as "trade and environment" or "trade and intellectual property"? Does it describe new movements in legal scholarship on trade issues? How is it similar to, or different from, "law and"? Until fairly recently, most scholarship about international trade law fell within a relatively well-defined domain. The substantive focus of this traditional scholarship' typically has been on a series of tradi- tional, core "trade" issues: tariffs, quotas, most-favored-nation treat- ment, nondiscrimination, permissible safeguards and adjustment actions, and the like.2 Most of the traditional scholarship shares a common set of assumptions rooted in classic liberal economics: that liberalized international trade permits nations and firms to exploit comparative advantages, that voluntary exchanges through trade are mutually beneficial, and that liberalized trade enhances global wel- fare. Traditional scholarship also assumes, either explicitly or implic- itly, the autonomy of international markets. This scholarship typically urges the reduction-or elimination-of government "interference," either domestically or internationally, with "normal" commercial ac- tivity. While much trade scholarship still addresses these issues, today this form of scholarship no longer dominates the field. Indeed, trade scholars today are by necessity "trade and" scholars. That is, those who write about trade policy can hardly escape study of relationships among trade and numerous topics traditionally considered outside the trade realm, whether they be regulatory heterogeneity, environmental regulation, labor standards or competition law. These and other "trade and" topics are among the most interesting-and difficult-is- sues on the trade agenda.

ABSTRACT The 2007-2008 international financial crisis (IFC) and the 'Great Recession' (GR) had worldwide effects. In the case of Argentina and Brazil, the reduction and improvement in composition of public external debt, the previous policy of international reserves accumulation combined with left-wing political affinity between governments, provided some space for countercyclical macroeconomic policies. Consequently, its governments were able to face the IFC and GR without following traditional tightened or pro-cyclical macroeconomic policies. This article examines the consequences of the IFC and the GR in Argentina and Brazil and the countercyclical macroeconomic policies that were implemented during the period 2009-2014.

This article discusses the emergence of the semi-clandestine efforts of a network of international Jewish philanthropies and the Israeli government to send material and financial aid to Jews in early-communist Hungary. Post Second World War Hungary was a special focus for Jewish aid organizations in the west and the Israeli government. They poured resources into Hungary, both to feed, cloth and provide medical care to hundreds of thousands of Jews, and to assist thousands of Jews migrating west through Hungary. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the dominant Jewish aid organization in the world at the time, ran its largest and most expensive program in Hungary. Working with Israeli and Hungarian authorities, it financed a network of welfare services, often through the importation of scarce consumer goods and raw materials. As the Communist Party reshaped the economy, and pushed out "undesirable elements" from Hungarian life, this aid program served a growing population of impoverished, sick, and religious Jews, some exiled in Hungary's countryside. This program increasingly took advantage of black market networks to distribute aid. Yet, after conditions deteriorated so much that this program ceased officially, Jewish aid providers in the US and Israel adapted their earlier practices and networks to take advantage of the impoverished consumer economy in program to distribute aid clandestinely to Hungarian Jews, with the cooperation of Hungary's communist authorities.

According to the neoinstitutionalism theory, institutions are divided into two groups: formal and informal. Formal institutions are the enshrined legal provisions, laws by which government are guided and institutionalized norms. Informal institutions include rules of conduct, system of values, ideology and traditions which are the defi ning factor of social behavior of a person. The article deals with the problem of fi ghting against international terrorism in the context of Islam as an informal institution and activity of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) as formal an institution. In Islam terrorism in all its forms is rejected. In Islamic tradition acts of violence are classifi ed under different names – a muhariba, fataq, ightiyal, ghadar, baghiy and irhab and are absolutely rejected. The present terrorist activities which terrorists carry out by justifying them with distorted provisions and interpretations of Islamic doctrines has nothing to do with laws of Sharia. Terrorism as goal pursuing method also rejected by the Organization of Islamic cooperation – the largest formal Islamic institution. The offi cial position of the OIC member-states on this matter is enshrined in conventions, resolutions and different declarations, and also in the constant stance of the secretary general of the Organization that demonstrates the serious concern and commitment of this institute to fi ght against international terrorism. ; Теория нового институционализма делит институты на две группы: формальные и неформальные. Формальные институты – это закрепленные юридические нормы, законы, которыми руководствуются государственный аппарат, власти; принципы действия для разных областей социального взаимодействия, например, торговля. Неформальные институты включают в себя правила поведения, систему ценностей, идеологию и традиции, которые являются определяющим фактором социального поведения человека. В настоящей статье рассматривается проблема борьбы с международным терроризмом в контексте ислама – как института неформального типа и деятельности Организации Исламского Сотрудничества (ОИС) как института формального характера, базирующегося на неформальных исламских институтах. В исламе терроризм во всех его проявлениях отвергается. В традиции этой религии акты насилия под разными названиями – мухарибе, фатак, игьтияль, гадар, баги и ирхаб, категорически запрещаются. Террористическая деятельность сегодня, которая осуществляется с использованием искаженных положений и интерпретаций исламских учений, не имеет ничего общего с законами шариата. Терроризм как метод достижения целей отвергается и крупнейшим формальным исламским институтом – Организацией исламского сотрудничества. Официальная позиция мусульманских государств в рамках ОИС по этому вопросу закреплена в конвенциях, резолюциях и разных декларациях, а также в неизменной позиции генерального секретаря Организации по данному вопросу, что говорит о серьезной озабоченности и готовности данного института участвовать в борьбе против международного терроризма.

The author tries to give evidence of this thesis that, in the Federal Republic of Germany, neo-corporatist structures exist within the relationship of sport and state with respect to essential functions although this relationship is not commonly defined as neo-corporatist. Sport and state seem to be more dependent on each other than for example state and trade unions in the field of economics. Moreover, in the Federal Republic, neo-corporatist structures in the relationship between sport and state appear to be relatively stable compared to the field of economics.

AbstractPolicy feedback scholars argue that experiences with government shape political participation. Administrative burden scholars posit that burdensome bureaucratic encounters deter political participation. Related quantitative studies take a top‐down, deductive approach and test effects of single policies, yet people engage multiple programs, and all policies may not be equally salient in how they view the state. Using qualitative interviews, our inductive, "bottom‐up" approach examines the most prominent policy domains in views of government shared across mothers with low incomes in the United States (n = 80). Mothers experienced a wide range of policies, and they detailed related administrative burdens, but this was not the focus in most of their views of the government. Many raised issue areas that hit close to home, such as affordable child care or children's recreation programs. They often drew on a sense of collective motherhood in their view of government, including how it could facilitate efforts to raise children.

International audience ; Under the auspices of Indonesian government, States of Africa and Asia have been involved in the 1955 Bandung Asian-African conference and its commemorative conferences in 2005 and 2015. At every conference, they produced an official statement, communiqué or declaration. This article is aimed at presenting briefly the content of those documents. It is not intended to review the whole documents in exhaustive way, but to quote the passages considered to be significant in relation to the evolution of socio-cultural and politico-economical situation in Africa and Asia during the last 60 years. Ref. Darwis Khudori, BANDUNG LEGACY AND GLOBAL FUTURE: New Insights and Emerging Forces, New Delhi, Aakar Book, 2018, 16cm x 23.5cm, 304p. ISBN 978-93-5002-549-9, pp. 291-298.

International audience ; Under the auspices of Indonesian government, States of Africa and Asia have been involved in the 1955 Bandung Asian-African conference and its commemorative conferences in 2005 and 2015. At every conference, they produced an official statement, communiqué or declaration. This article is aimed at presenting briefly the content of those documents. It is not intended to review the whole documents in exhaustive way, but to quote the passages considered to be significant in relation to the evolution of socio-cultural and politico-economical situation in Africa and Asia during the last 60 years. Ref. Darwis Khudori, BANDUNG LEGACY AND GLOBAL FUTURE: New Insights and Emerging Forces, New Delhi, Aakar Book, 2018, 16cm x 23.5cm, 304p. ISBN 978-93-5002-549-9, pp. 291-298.