Suchergebnisse

"Over the past three decades, women's political empowerment has become a growing foreign policy and assistance priority. Every year, donor governments and multilateral organizations partner with hundreds of civil society groups to train women to run for office, support women legislators, campaign for gender quotas, and bolster women's networks in political parties and parliaments. The overarching aim is a simple one: to overcome women's persistent political exclusion in most parts of the world. What ideas about gender, power, and political change undergird these aid programs? What have practitioners and advocates learned about their strengths and weaknesses, and how have they adapted their approaches over time? How might aid actors improve their work in this domain going forward? Drawing on extensive interviews with policymakers, practitioners, women's rights advocates, and politicians in Western donor countries and across Kenya, Morocco, Myanmar, and Nepal, Aiding Empowerment investigates how democracy aid actors seek to promote gender equality in politics, critically probing both areas of progress and persistent shortcomings. The book argues international aid for women's political empowerment has undergone a significant evolution over the last three decades, from a first generation of efforts that aimed to integrate women into nascent democratic institutions to a second generation focused on transforming the broader political ecosystem hindering women's equal political influence. However, this evolution is still unfolding, and changes in thinking have outstripped changes in actual aid practice. The book also explores the new challenges and recurring tensions that characterize the field, from the persistence of patriarchal gender norms to rising concerns about democratic erosion and backlash"--

"This book explores the ethical implications of managing uncertainty in clinical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic. It develops an ethics of clinical uncertainty that brings together insights from the clinical and biomedical ethical literatures. The book sets out to recognize the central role uncertainty plays in clinical decision-making and to acknowledge the different levels, kinds, and dimensions of clinical uncertainty. It also aims to aid clinicians and patients in managing clinical uncertainty, and to recognize the ethical duty they have to manage clinical uncertainty. The book addresses four ethical duties related to clinical uncertainty: (1) the duty to advance the welfare of those in clinical medicine, (2) to respect the rights of those in clinical medicine, (3) to promote just access to health care, and (4) to care for one another in clinical medicine. These duties took on select urgency during the COVID-19 pandemic because clinical risk assessments about COVID-19 were limited, we were asked to give informed consent in the context of limited and changing knowledge, the pandemic unearthed myriad problems about the distribution of health care, and the pandemic raised questions about how we care for each other in medicine. An Ethics of Clinical Uncertainty will appeal to scholars, advanced students, and medical professionals working in philosophy of medicine, biomedical ethics, clinical medicine, nursing, public health care, and gerontology"--

"This edited volume offers a new critical approach to the study of Zionist history and Israeli-Palestinian relations, based on the encounter between history and anthropology. Informed by the anthropological method of setting large questions to intimate settings, the book examines processes of Zionist colonization, nation-building and Palestinian dispossession by focusing on encounters between members of different national, religious and ethnic groups "from below"-through paying close attention to life stories and reconstructing everyday practices and micro-histories of places and communities. Thus, it tells a complex story in which the practices of historical actors are not simply reducible to a single underlying logic of colonization, even as they participate in the production and reproduction of colonial structures. This approach effectively undermines the prevailing tendency to study national communities in isolation, projecting onto the past an essentialist and rigid separation. Rather than assuming two clearly bounded and monolithic national groups, caught from the start in perpetual conflict, this volume probes their historical production through their evolving relationships, and their varied and shifting political, social, economic and cultural manifestations. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in an array of fields, including the history of Israeli-Palestinian relations, anthropological perspectives on settler colonialism, and Zionism"--

"Politics of the North Korean Diaspora examines how authoritarian security concerns shape global diaspora politics. Empirically, it traces the recent emergence of a North Korean diaspora - a globally-dispersed population of North Korean émigrés - and argues that the non-democratic nature of the DPRK homeland regime fundamentally shapes diasporic politics. Pyongyang perceives the diaspora as a threat to regime security, and attempts to dissuade emigration, de-legitimate diasporic voices, and deter or disrupt diasporic political activity, including throughn o and transnational repression. This, in turn, shapes the North Korean diaspora's perceptions of citizenship and patterns of diasporic political engagement: North Korean émigrés have internalized many host country norms, particularly the civil and participatory dimensions of democratic citizenship, and émigrés have played important roles in both host-country and global politics. This Element provides new empirical evidence on the North Korean diaspora; demonstrates that regime type is an important, understudied factor shaping transnational and diasporic politics; and contributes to our understanding of comparative authoritarianism's global impact"--

Deutschland und die UNO verbindet eine wechselvolle Beziehung. Ausgehend von der "Quasi-Mitgliedschaft" der Bundesrepublik seit 1950 zeichnet der Autor die Entwicklung nach. Geprägt von der Mitgliedschaft in allen UN-Sonderorganisationen und der aktiven finanziellen Förderung der Spezialorgane, war diese Phase zugleich die Zeit aktiver und erfolgreicher Verhinderung der Mitgliedschaft und damit der staatlichen Anerkennung der DDR. Mit der Aufnahme beider deutscher Staaten in die Vereinten Nationen 1973 änderte sich das. Der Vergleich ihres finanziellen Engagements bis 1990 belegt jedoch die Dominanz des "Wirtschaftsriesen" Bundesrepublik. Seit 1990 rangiert das vereinigte Deutschland unter den TOP 10 der beitragszahlenden Mitglieder. ­Das belegt Hüfners Analyse der Zahlungen von 1991 bis 2022 für sechs Spezialorgane (u. a. UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF und UNRWA). Die Diskussion ausgewählter Schwerpunkte deutscher UN-Politik (Sicherheitsrat, Kommission für Friedenskonsolidierung, Menschenrechte, Agenda 2030 und Zukunftsgipfel 2024) rundet die Studie ab.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIX: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ARABIC AND PERSIAN SOURCES -- INTRODUCTORY NOTE -- FOREWORD -- Contents -- 1. The Empire -- 2. The Caliphs -- 3. The Princes of the Empire -- 4. Christians and Jews -- 5. Shi'ah -- 6. The Administration -- 7. The Wazir -- 8. Finances -- 9. The Court -- 10. The Nobility -- 11. The Slaves -- 12. The Savant -- 13. Theology -- 14. The Schools of Jurisprudence -- 15. The Qadi -- 16. Philology -- 17. Literature -- 18. Geography -- 19. Religion -- 20. Manners and Morals -- 21. The Standard of Living -- 22. Municipal Organization -- 23. The Festivals -- 24. Land Products -- 25. Industry -- 26. Trade -- 27. Inland Navigation -- 28. Communication by Road -- 29. Marine Navigation.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- Table of Statutes -- Table of Other Primary (Legal) Sources -- Introduction -- I. Objectives -- II. Previous Work -- III. Scope and Limits -- IV. A Brief Note on Structure -- V. Conclusion -- 1. Authority Claims in Europe -- I. Introduction -- II. Understanding the Importance of Claims -- III. Political Authority as Manifestation of Practical Authority -- IV. The Specific Characteristics of Political Authority Claims -- V. State Sovereignty and International Authority Claims: Two Ends of a Spectrum -- VI. Empirical and Normative Legitimacy -- VII. Authority and Political Obligation -- VIII. Conclusion -- 2. An Authority Claim Over Peoples -- I. Introduction -- II. The Many Labels of the EU's Authority Claim in the Literature -- III. Why the EU does not Claim Sovereign Authority -- IV. Why the EU does not Claim International Authority -- V. An Authority Claim Over Peoples -- VI. Conclusion -- 3. Institutional Reflections on the EU's Authority -- I. Introduction -- II. Traces of Authority in the Treaties -- III. The Court: From Effective Contracts to Institutional Integrity -- IV. The Commission: Delivering Benefits between Social and Moral Legitimacy -- V. The EP: Input Legitimacy First -- VI. The European Council: International Instrumentalism -- VII. National Constitutional Courts: Popular Consent -- VIII. Conclusion: Theoretical Purity vs Institutional Reality -- 4. Potential and Limits of Current Models on the EU's Authority -- I. Introduction -- II. Identifying the Source of the EU's Authority -- III. Taking Stock: The Obscure Debate on the Moral Basis of the EU's Authority -- IV. Conclusion: Anarchy? -- 5. Demoicratic Authority I: The Theory -- I. Introduction -- II. What is Demoicracy and Why Do We Need it? -- III. Demoicratic Authority Explained.

This book offers a striking and pointed reflection on what histories of masculinity in modern Britain have been and where they might go next. Addressing the constant contemporary talk of crisis around men's lives, Men and Masculinities argues powerfully that we need histories of masculinity which are present-centred and politically engaged. In so doing, it sets out a new agenda for the field. Ranging over the past 130 years, a series of engaging and original essays trace how men, like masculinity, were made. In exploring that process, contributors demonstrate the radically different ways in which men made sense of the world and their place in it. The book provides compelling evidence of how individual life stories can transform how we think about the time- and place-specific formation of men's experiences and ideas of masculinity. Through vivid case studies that include trans men's encounters with the welfare state, the experience of wounded Jamaican servicemen, and the social world of the public librarian, the volume interweaves histories of masculinity with wider histories of society, culture, economy, and politics. It is on that basis that the work shows how thinking critically about histories of masculinity also provides new ways of understanding the making and remaking of modern Britain. Men and Masculinities both provides a critical genealogy for contemporary gender politics and the persistence of patriarchy and male power and establishes new ways of understanding how men's lives and ideas of masculinity have (and have not) changed in modern Britain.

This authoritative book proposes a methodological and theoretical strategy for developing sociological explanations of the socio-cultural universe. Jonathan H. Turner and Alexandra Maryanski discuss the problems that persist in explaining the socio-cultural universe using only biological and psychological approaches and outline new strategies for understanding the evolution of human beings and their biological nature.Through exploring human evolution, human nature, human behaviours and patterns of social organisation, Turner and Maryanski demonstrate that evolutionary explanations of behaviours and patterns can be drawn from modern synthesis in biology. They also explain why certain dimensions of the socio-cultural universe can only be understood using purely sociological approaches to evolutionary analysis. They expertly analyse alternative biologically-based strategies for explaining the evolution of human beings and a purely sociological strategy for understanding the emergent properties of human socio-cultural formations.Innovative in its approach, this timely book will be of great interest to scholars interested in the fields of science and technology studies, sociology and sociological theory, cultural sociology, social psychology, and social policy. It will also be highly beneficial to those looking to better understand the optimum methodological strategies for understanding the biology of human nature