Suchergebnisse

Abstract The expansion of the security agenda was at the basis of the emergence of new theoretical concepts in the field of studies on international security. One example is the concept of securitisation, developed by the Copenhagen School, which makes it possible to examine, on the one hand, new threats to the security of countries and, on the other hand, the policies through which they seek to address them. Based on this concept, the article argues that drug trafficking was securitised by the Brazilian government in the period of 2011-2016. From 2016, with the issue of Decree nº 8903, the matter returned to the stage of 'politicisation' as understood by the Copenhagen School. The decree marked, therefore, a process of desecuritisation of the issue in Brazil, since it revoked the Strategic Border Plan, resulting in the loss of the temporary and emergency nature of the 'Ágata' operations. This article analyses the development of Brazilian legislation since 1976 on this matter and carries out, for the period 2011 to 2016, content analysis of the narrative on securitisation. In addition, this work examines the guidelines and nature of the Brazilian government's public policies aimed at combating drug trafficking.

Summary: The command stick is an important element in a number of indigenous cultures in Mexico, such as the Chichimecas-Otomis represented by the Concheros dancers of the state of Querétaro. In this work, I look at the political performance (Linchentfel and Rouse) in delivering this symbolic element to two political figures (municipal president and governor) within the framework of two commemorative ceremonies, one of a political nature and one of a cultural and spiritual nature. I also investigate how on the one hand indigenous identity opposes the state (Friedman), but is also an ally that can protect civil rights and possibly provide new opportunities (Haley). ; Resumen: El bastón de mando es un elemento importante en varias culturas indígenas de México como la de los chichimecas-otomíes representados por los danzantes Concheros del estado de Querétaro. En este trabajo analizo el performance hecho políticamente (Linchentfel y Rouse) en la entrega de este elemento simbólico a dos figuras políticas (presidente municipal y gobernador) dentro del marco de dos ceremonias conmemorativas, una de carácter político y otra cultural y espiritual. Asimismo, indago cómo por una parte la identidad indígena se opone al Estado (Friedman), pero es también un aliado que puede proteger derechos civiles y tal vez proporcionar nuevas oportunidades (Haley).

National audience. Despite societal enthusiasm for agriculture that is more humane and nature-friendly, legal obstacles persist and hinder the development of practices towards agro-ecology. However, the latter concept was promoted by Law No 2014-1170 of 13 October 2014 as the combination of a threefold economic, social and environmental performance of agricultural holdings. The political objectives of the transition are now included in the texts, and there is still a lack of technical measures to liberalise new forms of agriculture. Four emblematic illustrations can be given of this normative resistance which, with the will, could be overcome. ; National audience En dépit d'un engouement sociétal pour une agriculture plus respectueuse des hommes et de la nature, des freins juridiques persistent et entravent l'évolution des pratiques vers l'agro-écologie. Cette dernière notion a pourtant été promue par la loi n° 2014-1170 du 13 octobre 2014 comme la combinaison d'une triple performance, économique, sociale et environnementale, des exploitations agricoles. Les objectifs politiques de la transition ont beau désormais figurer dans les textes, les mesures techniques qui permettraient la libération de nouvelles formes d'agriculture font toujours défaut. Quatre illustrations emblématiques peuvent être données de cette résistance normative qui, avec de la volonté, pourrait être vaincue.

The external financing of fiscal deficit is key to bridging public revenue shortfalls within developing economies. However, the public expenditure responses to the incoming foreign financial assistances, as documented in the existing literature, depict ambiguity with respect to the nature of the assistances. Against this milieu, this paper attempts to perform a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics adhering to the foreign financial inflows&ndash ; government expenditure nexus in Bangladesh tapping annual data from 1985 to 2017. The vector error-correction model approach to short and long-run correlations and causality analyses, variance decomposition technique, and impulse response function exercises comprise the econometric methodologies considered in this paper. In a nutshell, the results from the analyses indicate toward foreign financial inflows crowding out public investments, and reducing the tax and non-tax efforts of the government, while diminishing the amount of local public borrowings in Bangladesh. Conversely, financial assistances in the form of concessional loans and those originating from multilateral sources are found to enhance government expenditure, while the foreign aids intended for the health sector are found to be fungible in nature. Thus, these contrasting findings are expected to generate crucial policy implications with regard to structuring appropriate public policies.

16 June 2018. London Stadium. Beyoncé ; and Jay&ndash ; Z revealed the premiere of the music video Apeshit. Filmed inside the Louvre Museum in Paris, Beyoncé ; &rsquo ; s sexual desirability powerfully dialogues with Western canons of high art that have dehumanized or erased the black female body. Dominant tropes have historically associated the black female body with the realm of nature saddled with an animalistic hypersexuality. With this timely release, Apeshit engages with the growing current debate about the ethic of representation of the black subject in European museums. Here, I argue that Beyoncé ; transcends the tension between nature and culture into a syncretic language to subvert a dominant imperialistic gaze. Drawing on black feminist theories and art history, a formal analysis traces the genealogy and stylistic expression of this vocabulary to understand its political implications. Findings pinpoint how Beyoncé ; laces past and present, the regal nakedness of her African heritage and Western conventions of the nude to convey the complexity, sensuality, and humanity of black women&mdash ; thus drawing a critical reimagining of museal practices and enriching the collective imaginary at large.

Policymakers and practitioners working in urban greenspace management want to know what kind of interventions are effective in promoting mental wellbeing. In practice, however, they rely on multiple forms of knowledge, often in unwritten form. This paper considers how such knowledge is interpreted and used by a range of stakeholders to identify greenspace interventions to support residents&rsquo ; health and wellbeing in one UK city. It examines the interface between academic research, policy and practice, drawing on the findings of a three-year study in Sheffield, UK. The Improving Wellbeing through the Urban Nature project investigated the links between &lsquo ; urban nature&rsquo ; and mental health. One strand of the research sought to influence policy and practice, and this article presents findings and reflects on some of the processes of this exercise. It highlights the role of tacit knowledge in practice and its influence on practitioners&rsquo ; choice of greenspace interventions and the challenges in drawing on such knowledge to influence policy. The findings affirm practice-based knowledge as socially situated, interpretively fashioned and politically weighted. This paper concludes by demonstrating the importance of considering the local context when devising policy prescriptions for greenspace provision and management.

Local people's perception of nature-based tourism evolution and consequent impacts on their well-being are crucial in promoting ecotourism and achieving sustainable development. This study focused on indigenous populations' attitudes concerning tourism activities taking place in the Iona National Park, located in the Namibe Province of Angola, where ecotourism is considered an anchor product and is expected to become an economic driver of major importance. To obtain information that is useful for a changing tourism management in order to increase rural communities' well-being, we conducted a survey addressing local people's perceptions about the following main topics: perception of the presence of visitors and of their activities; present and prospective positive and negative effects of the park; and government policies that should be developed in the near future. The research shows that most respondents' perceptions strongly vary according to locality. The level of urbanization and the distance to the core areas of touristic activities appear to be the main factors driving the villagers' perception polarization. Thus, conflicting interests between nature conservation and local populations' well-being should be addressed and managed according to locality profiles, with some exceptions, such as ensuring the entire population has access to pastoral lands. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

For the past 10,000 years agriculture has allowed the human population to grow, expand, and create civilizations that historians look back upon with awe. However, the recent industrialization of agriculture has had severe effects on nature, our society, and the farmer himself. Wes Jackson and his fellow researchers at the Land Institute in Salina, Kansas have been developing for the past 30 years a form of sustainable agriculture that they hope will revolutionize the way humans produce food. Through the cultivation and harvesting of perennial polycultures, this form of food production allows humans to work with nature as opposed to the industrial method that works against it. Initially, one may come to the conclusion that natural systems agriculture is simply a pipe dream of a former university professor. However, my research reveals that the study of natural systems agriculture at the Land Institute has received substantial monetary support from government funded agencies along with respect and usage of their research throughout the field of sustainable agriculture. Ultimately, it becomes apparent that the work done at the Land Institute has created a whole new field of agricultural research and, along with it, the hope for a more sustainable future.

In order to address vital environmental issues, China and Russia have established a set of cooperation mechanisms, such as the Sub-Committee on Environmental Protection of the Regular Meeting of the Prime Ministers of China and Russia. There is currently a multi-level environmental cooperation system between the two countries. In recent years, China and Russia have strengthened their ecological cooperation and have achieved certain results in the conservation of cross-border water resources and establishment of transboundary nature reserves. There are still, however, many problems to handle such as the discrepancies in legislation and the limited character of investment each of the countries is willing to make into environmental protection. Therefore, as the article shows, it is necessary to formulate a unified regulatory framework; to establish a resource protection zone; to enhance joint monitoring of the water quality in transboundary rivers as well as soil and air quality in adjacent areas; and, finally, to raise public awareness in both countries of environmental security and nature conservation. In 2017, Russia hosted the Year of Ecology, which was a good opportunity for both countries to promote information exchange and cooperation in the sphere of joint monitoring and governance, environmental legislation, and ecological education.

Language and ecology have a reciprocal relationship in Ecolinguistics perspective. One of the relationships is formed through the metaphorical expression containing the names of fauna(animal metaphors). This study described the animal metaphors found in Iwan Fals' Social Critics and Humanity songs that very famous among Indonesian community. Through Ecolinguistics study, the writer tried to find out how animal as a part of ecosystem can be used to describe human life especially their social and political life through metaphorical frames. This is a descriptive-qualitative research that is conducted by using Ecolinguistics parameters consists of interrelationship, diversity and environment parameters to analyze the interactions between language and ecology. The result of analysis showed that the metaphorical expression formulated and generated from the characteristic of the nature of fauna (animal metaphors) that found in Indonesian environment. The nature used as a source domain was mapped to a target domain referred to human beings with their activities forming a new understanding and enrich vocabulary. The connection between the two domains was recorded in cognitive of the language users at the ideological dimension which is then understood by society at the sociological dimension. The whole meaning formed a strong relationship between language and environment.

The conventional literature on diaspora politics tends to focus on one 'homeland' state and its relations with 'sojourning' diaspora around the world. This paper examines an instance of 'bifurcated homeland:' the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 1949. The paper investigates the changing dynamics of China's and Taiwan's diaspora policies towards Overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia throughout the Cold War and post-Cold War periods. They were affected by their ideological competition, the rise of Chinese nationalism, and the 'indigenisation' of Taiwanese identity. Illustrating such changes through the case of the KMT Yunnanese communities in Northern Thailand, this paper makes two interrelated arguments. First, we should understand relations through the lens of interactive dynamics between international system-level changes and domestic political transformations. Depending on different normative underpinnings of the international system, the foundations of regime legitimacy have changed. Subsequently, the nature of relations between the diaspora and the homeland(s) transformed from one that emphasises ideological differences during the Cold War, to one infused with nationalist authenticity in the post-Cold War period. Second, the bifurcated nature of the two homelands also created mutual influences on their diaspora policies during periods of intense competition.

Local people's perception of nature-based tourism evolution and consequent impacts on their well-being are crucial in promoting ecotourism and achieving sustainable development. This study focused on indigenous populations' attitudes concerning tourism activities taking place in the Iona National Park, located in the Namibe Province of Angola, where ecotourism is considered an anchor product and is expected to become an economic driver of major importance. To obtain information that is useful for a changing tourism management in order to increase rural communities' well-being, we conducted a survey addressing local people's perceptions about the following main topics: perception of the presence of visitors and of their activities ; present and prospective positive and negative effects of the park ; and government policies that should be developed in the near future. The research shows that most respondents' perceptions strongly vary according to locality. The level of urbanization and the distance to the core areas of touristic activities appear to be the main factors driving the villagers' perception polarization. Thus, conflicting interests between nature conservation and local populations' well-being should be addressed and managed according to locality profiles, with some exceptions, such as ensuring the entire population has access to pastoral lands.

Local people's perception of nature-based tourism evolution and consequent impacts on their well-being is crucial to promote ecotourism and achieve sustainable development. This study focused on indigenous populations' attitudes concerning tourism activities taking place in the Iona National Park, located in the Namibe Province of Angola, where ecotourism is considered an anchor product and is expected to become an economic driver of major importance. To obtain information useful to change tourism management in order to increase rural communities' well-being, we conducted a survey addressing local people's perceptions about four main topics: perception of the presence of visitors and of their activities; present and prospective positive and negative effects of the Park; government policies that should be developed in a near future. The research shows that most respondents' perceptions strongly vary according to locality. The level of urbanization and the distance to core areas of touristic activities appear to be the main factors driving the villagers' perception polarization. Thus, conflicting interests between nature conservation and local populations' well-being should be for the most part addressed and managed according to localities profile, with some exceptions like ensuring all the populations the access to pastoral lands.

The transformation of war, as a result of the overall social changes in the
postmodern, reflects significant changes in its physiognomy. These changes
could be observed by getting answers to fundamental and eternal questions
about war - between whom it is fought, why it is waged and, lastly, how it
is waged. In the case of the armed conflict in Syria, the answers to these
questions indicate that the nature of the war has remained the same and that
only its character has changed, especially with regard to a conceptual
approach based on reducing the effectiveness of a military instrument of
power and increasing others in achieving the ultimate strategic goals of the
war. This disproves the claims of theorists and strategists, representatives
of the theoretical direction of the ?new wars?, who believe that the
characteristics of the postmodern wars are fundamentally different from
those of the modern era which are considered as ?old? wars. The aim of the
paper is to illustrate, in the example of the Syrian conflict, that the
definitions of war in the form of armed violence and political nature remain
firmly embedded in that part of the physiognomy of war that Klauzevic
explains as objective or immutable.

The external financing of fiscal deficit is key to bridging public revenue shortfalls within developing economies. However, the public expenditure responses to the incoming foreign financial assistances, as documented in the existing literature, depict ambiguity with respect to the nature of the assistances. Against this milieu, this paper attempts to perform a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics adhering to the foreign financial inflows-government expenditure nexus in Bangladesh tapping annual data from 1985 to 2017. The vector error-correction model approach to short and long-run correlations and causality analyses, variance decomposition technique, and impulse response function exercises comprise the econometric methodologies considered in this paper. In a nutshell, the results from the analyses indicate toward foreign financial inflows crowding out public investments, and reducing the tax and non-tax efforts of the government, while diminishing the amount of local public borrowings in Bangladesh. Conversely, financial assistances in the form of concessional loans and those originating from multilateral sources are found to enhance government expenditure, while the foreign aids intended for the health sector are found to be fungible in nature. Thus, these contrasting findings are expected to generate crucial policy implications with regard to structuring appropriate public policies.