Suchergebnisse

Plastics are important materials, and the demand for and the consumption of plastic has been increasing for years. When plastics enter the environment, they can cause great damage to both ecosystems and living organisms. Meanwhile, plastics is found in oceans, rivers, lakes, and soil. One of the mains causes worldwide is the lack of insufficient waste and wastewater management but there are many other sources like tyre abrasion, films from agriculture, or plastic particles from cosmetics or cleaning materials. In addition, more and more plastic material enters the environment through littering. This paper shows – with regard to Germany - where we stand, what we need to do, what the research needs are, and which measures we can already implement in order to tackle the problem.

Following nuclear weapon tests, radiation accidents, functioning of mining, milling and processing industries related to fissile and fossil materials productions environments across the globe are contaminated by radionuclides representing a potential radiation exposure to humans. The book will comprise a wide spectrum of issues such as site characterization of contaminated sites before and after remediation, safety requirements, remediation planning, effectiveness of individual measures in different environments, social, ethical and economic considerations etc. It will describe modern decision aiding technologies and environmental decision support systems that can be effectively used for remediation planning and optimizing. A review of potentially effective remediation measures will be given applicable to different categories of contaminated environments and contaminants. Associated side effects (environmental and social) will also be considered. Special emphasis will be given to decommissioning of enterprises and waste management. Several case studies, demonstrating successful applications in remediation of contaminated locations of different origins: radiation accidents and incidents, areas of uranium, sand and tin mining, nuclear test sites etc., will be presented and discussed. Human based remediation measures, comprising perception of this activity by the population; to stakeholders and population involvement to making decisions on environmental safety and remediation of contaminated sites will be considered

Rapidly changing factors that affect daily life also affect operational environment and the way military leaders fulfill their missions. With the help of technological developments, traditional linearity of conflict and war has started to fade away. Furthermore, mission domain has broadened to include traditional threats, hybrid threats and new challenges of cyber and space. Considering the future operational environment, future military leaders need to adapt themselves to the new challenges of the future battlefield. But how to decide what kind of features of leadership are required to operate and accomplish mission in the new complex battlefield? In this article, the main aim is to provide answers to this question. To be able to find right answers, first leadership and leadership components are defined, and then characteristics of future operational environment are analyzed. Finally, leadership features that are required to be successful in redefined battlefield are explained.

Important impacts -- Types of coastlines -- Small changes every day -- Big changes over time -- Storm threats -- Living along the coast -- Coastal development -- Effects of pollution -- Global changes -- Reacting to nature -- Measuring coastal change -- Agencies and regulations -- Moving forward -- Reducing our impact.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Major Environmental Changes -- Pollution and Depletion of Natural Resources -- Climate Change -- Major Plant Communities of the World -- Terrestrial Vegetation -- Taiga -- Tundra (Arctic) -- Grasslands -- Tropical Grassland -- Temperate Grassland -- Forests -- Temperate -- Tropical -- Deciduous Forest -- Boreal Forests -- Mountains -- Aquatic Vegetation -- Climate Change and Vegetation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Alterations in the Grasslands -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Grass Responses to Various Environmental Alterations -- Increasing CO2 -- Increase in Temperature -- Increase in Precipitation -- Increasing CO2 and Temperature -- Other Climatic Stresses -- Drought -- Adaptations/Modifications in Grasses -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Changes in Forest Communities -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Alteration in Growth and Functioning of Trees -- Rise in Temperature -- Increasing CO2 -- Temperature and CO2 -- Precipitation -- Other Climate Induced Stresses -- Drought -- Drought and Increased Temperature -- Climate Induced Indirect Effects -- Adaptations in Trees -- Phenotypic Plasticity -- Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Growth and Responses of Weed Plants -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Effect of Climatic Changes -- Rise in Temperature -- Increasing CO2 Concentration -- Rise in CO2 and Temperature -- Rainfall -- Extreme Climatic Events -- Effect of Abiotic Factors -- Drought -- Adaptations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Responses of Crop Plants -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Responses of Crop Plants to Climatic Changes -- High Temperature -- Increasing CO2 Concentration -- Increasing CO2 and High Temperature -- Effect of Abiotic Stresses -- Drought -- Salinity -- Soil Nutrient Status