Suchergebnisse

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In the 21st century our nation faces a growing fiscal imbalance. A demographic shift will begin to affect the federal budget in 2008 as the first baby boomers become eligible for Social Security benefits. This shift will increase as spending for federal health and retirement programs swells. Long-term commitments for these and other federal programs will drive a massive imbalance between spending and revenues that cannot be eliminated without tough choices and significant policy changes. Continued economic growth is critical and will help to ease the burden, but the projected fiscal gap is so great that it is unrealistic to expect that we will grow our way out of the problem. Early action to change existing programs and policies would yield the highest fiscal dividends and provide a longer period for prospective beneficiaries to make adjustments in their own planning. One of the potential policy changes is assisting older workers who want to stay in the workforce past retirement age. The Chairman and Ranking Member of the Senate Special Committee on Aging asked GAO to discuss demographic and labor force trends and the economic and fiscal need to increase labor force participation among older workers. This testimony will address those factors making it important to encourage those who want to work to continue doing so, as well as factors affecting older Americans' employment decisions."

Recently, an increasing number of retired individuals decide to return to work and seek for post-retirement employment. Although research has already focused on individual and organizational based factors in retirement and post-retirement, the works are limited in some observable settings and well-known professions. The purpose of this study is to delve into the reasons for retirement and post-retirement employment and describe how human capital and social capital takes role in post-retirement employment. A qualitative approach was used with a descriptive phenomenological research design. Ten volunteer military retirees constitute the participants; in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Findings indicate that social and human capital heavily affect the retirement process, and trigger the return to work. The higher the hierarchy of the military staff, the more the social factors are motivating them to post-retirement employment, contrarily. For lower hierarchy, financial issues are more dominant for returning to work. Additionally, the effect of social capital on the post-retirement employment varies according to individual differences such as dependents, beliefs, and passions. The study contributes to theoretical discussions related to retirement and post-retirement employment reasons that can be linked to existing explanations.

Themen: Weiterbeschäftigung im Rentenalter

1. Beurteilung der Anhebung des Renten- bzw. Ruhestandsalters (Skala); persönliche Betroffenheit von Anhebung der Altersgrenzen; voraussichtlicher Renteneintritt und tatsächlicher Renteneintritt.

2. Aktuelle Erwerbssituation: berufliche Stellung; derzeitige berufliche Tätigkeit; Tätigkeit im öffentlichem Dienst; Wochenarbeitszeit in Stunden; Dauer der Unternehmenszugehörigkeit in Jahren; Anzahl bisheriger Arbeitsgeber; Betriebsgröße des aktuellen Unternehmens; Branche des Unternehmens; befristetes Arbeitsverhältnis; Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit; Anzahl der Arbeitslosigkeitsphasen; Dauer der letzten Arbeitslosigkeitsphase; Alter bei der letzten Arbeitslosigkeitsphase; Wichtigkeit von Einkommen, Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten, Arbeitszeit und Freizeit, Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, sinnvolle Tätigkeit; Arbeitszufriedenheit (Skala); Charakteristika der eigenen Arbeitsbedingungen; Betriebsklima und Beziehung zu Kollegen und Vorgesetzen (Skala).

3. Weiterbildung: Einstellung zur Weiterbildung (Skala); Anzahl der Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen in den letzen drei Jahren; gewünschte Erwerbstätigkeit nach Renten- bzw. Ruhestandseintritt; gewünschte Weiterarbeitsdauer; gewünschte Arbeitsstunden pro Woche; gewünschte Regelmäßigkeit von Arbeit; Ort der Beschäftigung; Gründe für eine Weiterbeschäftigung (Skala); Gründe für die Beendigung von Erwerbstätigkeit (Skala); präferierte Angebote und Verantwortlichkeit des Staats zur Erleichterung von Erwerbstätigkeit im Rentenalter (Skala).

4. Gesundheit: gegenwärtiger Gesundheitszustand; Häufigkeit von Befindlichkeiten und körperlichen Beschwerden (Skala: Gliederschmerzen, Antriebslosigkeit, Atemnot, Übelkeit, Entscheidungsschwäche, Schwindelgefühle, Nervosität, Stimmungsschwankung, Konzentrationsstörungen, Schlafstörungen, Hoffnungslosigkeit, Müdigkeit und Zerschlagenheit); Leistungsfähigkeit in Bezug auf Arbeitsinhalte: Beurteilung der jetzigen Leistungsfähigkeit, Leistungsfähigkeit vor fünf Jahren, Leistungsfähigkeit in fünf Jahren.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter des Befragten in Jahren zur Überprüfung der Zugehörigkeit zur Zielgruppe; Umfang der Erwerbstätigkeit; berufliche Stellung; Renten- oder Pensionsbezug; Kurzarbeit (Kurzarbeitergeld, Saisonarbeit, Altersteilzeit, Freistellungsphase), Familienstand, beruflicher Ausbildungsabschluss; deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen.

This quantitative study finds out what are the factors that influence a worker's decision to retire early, especially in crisis conditions. Using Susenas data for the September 2008 period, this study regresses the variables related to family and occupational characteristics in the logistic model. The odds ratio calculation results show that men who are married, live in urban areas, or work in the forestry sector tend to retire early. Besides, the age factor does not play a significant role in retirement decisions. By taking into account the conditions of distribution of social protection assistance which are generally "flat", this research is expected to provide a new intuition for the Government to design a better system

This paper examines the implications for national savings of three retirement income policy options, designed to improve the fiscal sustainability of New Zealand Superannuation (NZS). A simple model is developed that employs population and longevity projections allowing estimation of the contributions that many overlapping age cohorts might make to national savings in response to policy change. Government contributions to national savings, resulting primarily from reduced NZS payments, are also considered. Results suggest that even seemingly modest changes to retirement income policies could lead to substantial cumulative changes in national savings by 2061.

A problem that faces many countries including the United States is how to finance retirement consumption as the population ages. Proposals for switching to a saving-for-retirement system that does not rely on high payroll taxes have been challenged on the grounds that welfare would fall for some groups such as retirees or the working poor. We show how to devise a transition path from the current U.S. system to a saving-for-retirement system that increases the welfare of all current and future generations, with estimates of future gains higher than those found in typically used macroeconomic models. The gains are large because there is more productive capital than commonly assumed. Our quantitative results depend importantly on accounting for differences between actual government tax revenues and what revenues would be if all income were taxed at the income-weighted average marginal tax rates used in our analysis.