Suchergebnisse

Political advertisers have access to increasingly sophisticated microtargeting techniques. One such technique is tailoring ads to the personality traits of citizens. Questions have been raised about the effectiveness of this political microtargeting (PMT) technique. In two experiments, we investigate the causal effects of personality-congruent political ads. In Study 1, we first assess participants' extraversion trait by means of their own text data (i.e., by using a personality profiling algorithm), and in a second phase, target them with either a personality-congruent or incongruent political ad. In Study 2, we followed the same protocol, but instead targeted participants with emotionally-charged congruent ads, to establish whether PMT can be effective on an affect-based level. The results show evidence that citizens are more strongly persuaded by political ads that match their own personality traits. These findings feed into relevant and timely contributions to a salient academic and societal debate.

Die Untersuchung von rund 100 Politikerauftritten in den Personality-Talkshows des Fernsehens verdeutlicht, dass einer umfänglichen Personalisierung im Zuge des Bundestagswahlkampfs eine Depersonalisierung und Dethematisierung im Vorfeld des Europawahl gegenüberstehen. Lediglich der FDP-Abgeordneten und -Spitzenkandidatin Silvana Koch-Mehrin gelang es, ihr seit der Europawahl 2005 gestiegenes Prominenzkapital zu nutzen, um als einzige Europapolitikerin Eintritt in die Talkrunden zu bekommen. Demgegenüber wurde der Bundestagswahlkampf 2009 zu großen Teilen auf dem Boulevard der Talk-Formate ausgetragen. Hierin spiegelt sich nicht nur eine Asymmetrie in der Prominenz der Kandidaten wider, sondern auch die unterschiedliche Relevanz, die die Fernsehsender Europa- und Bundestagswahlkämpfen offensichtlich zuweisen. Die Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament scheinen diesbezüglich schlichtweg nicht als geeigneter Gegenstand von Gesprächsrunden angesehen zu werden, wodurch der Nebenwahl in diesen Formaten die demokratietheoretisch notwendige Aufmerksamkeit versagt bleibt. (ICE2)

This thesis is focused on women in executive office. Whereas the literature on women's political representation in national parliaments is now well established, analyses of women in cabinets are rather limited. The dissertation goals are threefold. Firtsly, it examines women's access to executive office, seeking to answer the question about which factors explain the access of women to executive office, with a time series and cross section perspective. Secondly, it pays attention to routes to political office and the gendered patterns underlying portfolio allocation, especially the distribution of prestigious portfolios. Thirdly, it explores the determinants affecting ex-ministers' post-ministerial occupation, as well as how the positions that women and men ministers hold in cabinets may shape their subsequent careers. This dissertation seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of women's participation in executive office in 23 advanced industrial democracies. Simultaneously, it aims at expanding both the general literature on executives and gender and politics. ; Aquesta tesi se centra en la dona al poder executiu. Mentre que la literatura ha estudiat extensament la representació política de les dones en els parlaments nacionals, les anàlisis sobre la representació de les mateixes en els governs són limitades. En aquesta tesi s'estableix un triple objectiu. En primer lloc, s'examina l'accés de les dones al govern. tractant de descobrir quins factors expliquen l'accés de les dones a càrrecs executius, tan al llarg del temps com comparativament. En segón lloc, se centra en quines són les rutes d'accés als ministeris; com també en els patrons de gènere subjacents a l'assignació de carteres, especialment en la distribució de les carteres prestigioses. En tercer lloc, s'estudia quins són els factors que incideixen a l'hora d'explicar l'ocupacio post-ministerial dels ex-ministres, també s'analitza si la posició ministerial que els i les ministres ostenten al govern condiciona les seves carreres posteriors. Aquesta ...

The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of constructing a personal identity in a virtual environment. Methodology. The choice of research methods is determined by the purpose of the article and the subject of research, in particular, general scientific and empirical techniques are used, based on a systematic approach to the analysis of works on the problems of interpretation of virtual identity. The scientific novelty of the obtained research results lies in the correlation of the essence of the concepts "real identity" and "virtual identity", identifying the features and risks of the formation of the latter. The article highlights the factors of human construction of a "virtual" identity, which often occurs due to dissatisfaction of the individual with his real identity. It is emphasized that virtual reality provides ample opportunities for self-expression and disclosure of personal potential, but the desire to always "be online" affects the physical health of the user, thereby increasing his anxiety, leads to fatigue and irritability, exacerbation of hyperdynamic. The problem of excessive immersion in cyberspace has been identified: by abusing being in it, an unformed personality can lose life landmarks, assimilate programmed solutions and ready-made mental stamps. Conclusions. In social networks, a person can easily create an ideal image of himself, which is less authentic than the real one, because it reflects the individual's idea of an invented, ideal set of their own qualities, which are completed with ready visual, textual and audio network tools. Social "slowing down" in the Internet environment significantly reduces the moral level of communication in social networks and messengers. Even today, the level of trust among young people in semi-anonymous messages on the Internet is higher than in traditional sources of information. At the same time, the unsystematic acquisition of knowledge in this way does not allow young people to form an established picture of the world, leaving it largely fragmented.

In the era of media convergence, Internet users' levels of access to current political information are diverse. Based on selective exposure theory, this study employed K-means clustering and multinomial logistic regression and 2017 Chinese National Survey Data Archive data to study the correlation between the Big Five personality traits and political information exposure. The results showed that Internet users can be divided into three types, according to the frequency of their access: comprehensive, domestic modern, and apathetic. Netizens with high extroversion were correlated with regular browsing of current political information from comprehensive accesses. Those with high agreeableness were correlated with a preference for current political information as relayed by domestic modern media. Those with high levels of neuroticism were correlated with paying little attention to current political information.

The ability of the 'big five' personality traits to predict supervisors' ratings of performance is investigated using the Orpheus personality questionnaire. Orpheus is a broad spectrum work-based personality questionnaire containing 190 items. It generates scores on
sixteen scales – five major scales, seven minor scales, and four audit scales. The major scales are Fellowship, Authority, Conformity, Emotion and Detail and are based on the 'big five' model of personality. The minor scales are Proficiency, Work-orientation, Patience, Fair-mindedness,
Loyalty, Disclosure and Initiative, and are based on the Prudentius model of integrity. The four response audits are Dissimulation, Ambivalence, Despondency and Inattention, and are designed to screen for inappropriate responding. Supervisors' ratings on 245 subjects in a variety of occupations
and employment settings are obtained on the Orpheus respondents. All of the 'big five' traits were found to have significant correlations with appropriate supervisors' ratings.

ABSTRACT
In Turkey the cult(s) of personality and authoritarianism have gone hand in glove since at least the foundation of the republic. Through an in-depth analysis of Ryan Gingeras's Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk and Christine Philliou's Turkey: A Past Against History, this review essay considers the republican origins of one-man rule and opposition to authoritarianism in the Turkish context. It discusses how, and why, the cult of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the light of the day even when he was still alive. It also questions how the evolving meanings and implications of muhalefet (opposition) could serve not only as a historical fact and analytical tool but also as a normative category in its own right to divert the public's energy from un/making nationalist mythos into consolidating basic liberal democratic values and economic justice of which Turkey is in dire need today.

The aim of the present study was firstly to describe the characteristics of alcoholic outpatients (A) suffering from co-morbid personality disorder (PD) of either the cluster B (A+PDB) or cluster C (A+PDC) type. Secondly, to investigate the effect of various kinds of treatment to be able to single out the most beneficial therapy. Thirdly, to identify the most beneficial treatment. The patients were offered the following outpatient treatments: cognitive behaviour therapy, family therapy and supportive consultations. The material consisted of 363 patients who started psychosocial treatment at the outpatient alcohol clinic at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. It was possible to re-interview 276 (76%) patients 1 year after onset of treatment. Of the 363 patients, 87% were alcohol-dependent (ICD-10) and 34% fulfilled the ICD-10-R criteria for PDs. The basic interviews focused on the seven main areas of the Addiction Severity Index. A+PDC had significantly more serious medical problems than A–PD, while the A+PDB group had significantly more employment, drug use and social problems than the A–PD. As for psychiatric status, A–PD had significantly different scores compared with A+PDB and A+PDC. A+PDB were younger and had a longer history of alcohol abuse than A–PD and A+PDC. After treatment there was no significance between the patients with and without PD concerning alcohol outcome and psychosocial outcome. The significance of co-morbid PD for the prognosis of alcohol abusers may be overestimated. Our results indicate that A+PD can be treated as successfully as other patients in an outpatient alcohol clinic can.