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Part I. Human contingency: anthropology of suffering -- The unfortuante being in Simone Weil -- Rootedness, suffering, and compassion: Malheur and incarnation -- The liberation approach to suffering: Simone Weil and liberation theology -- The preferential option for the poor as an existential commitment -- Emptying and the preferential option for the poor: mysticism and social implications -- Part II. Suffering and inequalities in health -- Liberation ethics: inclusion from below -- The suffering of the poor and their vulnerability: voices from below -- Structural violence beyond numbers: learning from the hermeneutical lens of the poor -- Structural violence and social determinants of health: the vulnerability of the poor -- Part III. Anthropology of suffering and liberation ethics: bases for health care as a human right -- Global health and human rights framework from below: theological and anthropological perspectives -- Popular education and public health: a community-based approach for healthcare advocacy.

Abstrak: Karakter adalah cara berpikir dan berperilaku yang menjadi ciri khas tiap individu untuk hidup dan bekerja sama. Individu yang berkarakter baik adalah individu yang dapat membuat keputusan dan siap mempertanggungjawabkan akibatnya. Pembentukan karakter merupakan amanah UU Sisdiknas Tahun 2003 agar pendidikan tidak hanya membentuk insan Indonesia yang cerdas, namun juga berkepribadian atau berkarakter sehingga dapat melahirkan bangsa yang berkarakter dan bernafas nilai-nilai luhur bangsa dan agama. Memahami pendidikan karakter adalah pendidikan budi pekerti plus, yaitu yang melibatkan aspek pengetahuan, perasaan, dan tindakan. Hal ini kini menjadi perhatian serius pemerintah untuk mengupayakan perbaikan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia. Pembelajaran ilmu sosial menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam upaya mengembangkan, membina karakter dan menjadikan martabat bangsa yang dapat dibanggakan di hadapan bangsa lain. Kata Kunci: pendidikan karakter, pembelajaran ilmu sosial, kualitas pendidikan CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN LEARNING THROUGH SOCIAL SCIENCE Abstract: The character is a way of thinking and behaving that characterizes each individual to live and work. Individuals who are individuals of good character who can make decisions and be prepared to account for any effect of the decisions he has made. Formation of character is one of the national education goals. Amanah Education Law of 2003 was intended to be educational not only establish Indonesia smart man, but also personality or character, so it will be born generation of people who grew up with the characters that breathe the noble values of the nation and religion. Understanding the character education is a plus character education, which involves aspects of knowledge (cognitive), feeling (feeling), and action (action). This issue is a serious concern for the government at this time, the relentless government make efforts to improve the quality of education in Indonesia, but not everything works out, especially Indonesia produces human character. The article was written with the purpose to share thoughts, and a hope for the author to the executive educator/teacher/policy makers that, for order to realize the above education is an alternative learning social studies in an effort to develop, nurture character/moral values and making the dignity of the nation to be proud of in front of other people. Keywords: character education, social sciences learning, eduation quality

Straipsnyje plėtojama Michelio Foucault idėja apie visuomenės kontrolę ir drausminimą, objektu pasirenkant vieną socialinio gyvenimo sritį – švietimą. Remiantis esminėmis Foucault teorijos sąvokomis: drausminimas, kontrolė, diskurso konstravimas ir galių atpažinimas, praktikų režimas ir valdysena, straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti švietime ir ypač mokyklose vis giliau įsivyraujančias ritualines praktikas, eliminuojančias mokyklų bendruomenių sąmoningumą, kritiškumą, refleksiją. Bandoma pagrįsti, kad instrukcijomis suvaržytos mokyklos ir viena kryptimi mąstančio mokinio ugdymo prielaidos slypi pačioje švietimo sistemoje, orientuotoje į kontrolę ir socialinę reprodukciją. Remiantis postmoderniajai ugdymo filosofijai bei kritinei pedagogikai atstovaujančiais švietimo teoretikais – R. Edwardsu, R. Usheriu,M. Apple'u, P. McLarenu, H. Giroux, T.S. Popkewitzu ir kitais, plėtojusiais Foucault idėjas, kritikuojami mokyklos liberalizavimas, marketizavimas ir asmens autonomijos simuliacija per mokyklos ir asmens savivaldos praktikas. Kritikuojamas ir konservatyviosios politikos bandymas išsaugoti tradicines vertybes, kurios padėtų švietimo sistemoje ir visuomenėje užtikrinti status quo.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: panoptikumas, švietimas, mokinių kontrolė, drausminimas, diskursas, galia, autonomija.The Development of Foucault's Ideas in Education: Unmasking of Disciplining SchoolLilija Duoblienė

SummaryThe article deals with the idea of education, which is understood as a system used for social control and social reproduction. This notion is based on the philosophy of M. Foucault and his explanation of Bentham's Panopticon. The main concepts of Foucault's theory – punishment, control, power, governmentality, construction of knowledge, and discourse – are used to define the education instruments for disciplining students. Foucault's idea of a social system helps to perceive education policies and reforms as the practices that lead students and teachers to a one-way thinking and unreflected ritual behavior. This disciplining contradicts to the declarations of education policy-makers who emphasize the importance of developing a new democratic and self-governing school as well as promoting personal autonomy. The instruments of control are investigated from the educational philosophy perspective, mostly in the tradition of critical pedagogy. Edwards, Usher, Apple, McLaren, Giroux, Burbules, Torres, Popkewitz, etc. – the authors who rethink the problems of education in the framework of Foucault's philosophy – are also presented in this article. Their works are used as a basis for criticizing the idea of liberalization and marketization of schools. The article criticizes both the autonomy simulation process and the protection of the traditional moral values used by conservative forces to ensure the status quo at school.Keywords: panoptikon, education, student control, disciplining, discourse, power, autonomy.

Актуальность и цели. Формированию педагогических кадров в системе высшего профессионального образования необходимо уделять особое внимание, поскольку они стоят у истоков подготовки специалистов различных направлений, определяющих вектор социально-экономического развития страны. Целью исследования является анализ и оценка подготовки педагогических кадров в системе высшего образования. Материалы и методы. Статья подготовлена на основании как теоретического, так и практического материала. Методы наблюдение за характером самостоятельной работы студентов, опрос (интервьюирование и анкетирование), направленный на изучение отношения студентов к профессии педагога и значимости его деятельности. Результаты. Проведен теоретический анализ проблемы подготовки педагогических кадров с опорой на экспериментально-практические данные. Выводы. Социальный статус педагога не достигает того уровня, на котором он должен находиться. Одна из задач государственной образовательной политики состоит в том, чтобы поднять его на должный уровень. Брак педагогической деятельности сказывается как на обучаемых (дидактогения), так и на самом преподавателе (эмоциональное выгорание). Подготовка педагогов на уровне специалитета могла бы существенно повысить их профессиональный уровень. В настоящее время имеется настоятельная необходимость подготовки инженеров-педагогов, ориентированных на формирование духовно-нравственной культуры студентов. ; Background. It's necessary to place a high emphasis on pedagogical specialists training in the system of higher professional education, because they in their turn teach specialists of different sectors defining socio-economic trends in the country. The research goal is to analyze and evaluate pedagogical specialists training in the system of higher professional education in the country. Material and methods. The paper is prepared both on the basis of theoretical and practical materials. The main research methods included observing independent work of students, interviewing and surveying aimed at studying attitudes of students to the teacher profession and its importance. Results. The author conducted a theoretical analysis of the problem of pedagogical specialists training on the basis of experimental and practical data. Conclusions. Unfortunately, the social status of a teacher does not reach the necessary level. One of the tasks of the national educational politicy consists in its raising. The defect of pedagogical work shows up on students (didactogenia) and also on a teacher (emotional burnout). Teachers training at the specialist degree level can enhance their professional level. There is an imperative need now for training engineering teachers oriented at developing the spiritual-moral culture in students.

В статье рассматривается разработанная великим чувашским просветителем И. Я. Яковлевым система просвещения родного народа. Раскрывается его идея о распространении среди учащихся и крестьян педагогических, духовно-нравственных, православных, санитарно-гигиенических, медицинских, сельскохозяйственных, биологических, естественных, исторических, агрозоотехнических, метеорологических, ремесленных и других знаний. Обсуждается просветительская деятельность И. Я. Яковлева, направленная на желание помочь чувашскому народу в его стремлении к светлому будущему – образованию. С этой целью проанализированы архивные материалы и научные труды, отражающие педагогическое наследие чувашского патриарха. Указывается, что И. Я. Яковлев разработал и осуществил на практике свою систему просвещения народа: преподавание учебных дисциплин в Симбирской чувашской учительской школе велось на родном языке, а учебно-воспитательная работа строилась на основе научной психологии и педагогики с использованием традиционной культуры воспитания и обучения; будущие учителя были одними из первых исследователей народного опыта воспитания в нравственном, умственном, эстетическом, трудовом и физическом развитии личности, распространителями произведений устного народного творчества, народных игр и игрищ. Предметом настоящего исследования выступает просветительское наследие И. Я. Яковлева, вобравшее в себя все то лучшее, что накапливал чувашский народ веками и тысячелетиями в процессе воспитания подрастающего поколения. В результате исследования выявлены направления просветительской деятельности патриарха: изучение состояния просвещения других народов; определение целей и задач просвещения и воспитания родного народа; подготовка учителей в Симбирской чувашской школе; комплексный подход к сбору, изучению, сохранению и распространению различных пластов духовной культуры чувашей; организация обучения сельскому хозяйству учащихся Симбирской чувашской учительской школы, распространение сельскохозяйственных знаний среди населения; создание при школе кузнечно-слесарных и столярно-токарных ремесел.
The article examines the system of education of the Chuvash people developed by the great Chuvash enlightener I. Ya. Yakovlev; reveals his idea of spreading pedagogical, spiritual and moral, orthodox, sanitary-hygienic, medical, agricultural, biological, natural, historical, agro-zootechnical, meteorological, craft and other knowledge among students and peasants. It also discusses the educational activities of I. Ya. Yakovlev aimed at the desire to help the Chuvash people in their aspiration to a bright future – education. The article analyzes archival materials and scientific works reflecting the pedagogical heritage of the Chuvash patriarch. It states that I. Yakovlev developed and put into practice his system of enlightenment of the people: the teaching of academic disciplines in the Simbirsk Chuvash Teacher's school was conducted in the native language, and educational work was based on scientific psychology and pedagogy with the use of traditional culture of upbringing and education; future teachers were among the first researchers of the folk experience of education in moral, mental, aesthetic, labor and physical development of the individual, distributors of works of oral folk art. The subject of this study is the educational heritage of I. Yakovlev, which absorbed all the best that the Chuvash people have accumulated for centuries and millennia in the process of educating the younger generation. The research revealed the directions of the patriarch's enlightenment activities: studying of the state of education of other peoples; determination of the goals and objectives of education and upbringing of the people; training teachers at the Simbirsk Chuvash school; an integrated approach to the collection, study, preservation and dissemination of various layers of spiritual culture of the Chuvash; organization and training of students in agriculture Simbirsk Chuvash Teacher's School, dissemination of agricultural knowledge among the population; creation of blacksmithing, locksmithing and carpentry and turning crafts at the Simbirsk Chuvash school.

Policies of name-based HIV reporting, partner notification (PN), and criminalization of non-disclosure of HIV positive status to sexual partners remain controversial. The views of people living with HIV (PLH) are critical to the success of these three initiatives, but have been understudied. Thus, we interviewed 76 PLH about these policies. Themes arose of potential public health benefits (e.g., epidemiological surveillance and notification of possible exposure) and costs (e.g., deterrence of testing); threats to privacy, civil rights and relationships; government mistrust; and beliefs that prevention is an individual, not governmental responsibility. Misperceptions about the intent, content and scope of these policies, and past experiences of discrimination, shaped these attitudes. To enhance development and implementation of HIV prevention strategies, the views of PLH must be taken into account, and education campaigns need to address misperceptions and mistrust. These data shed light on difficulties in developing and implementing policies that may affect sexual behavior, and have critical implications for future research.

Political theorists generally defend the moral importance of health care by appealing to its purported importance in promoting good health and saving lives. Recent research on the social determinants of health demonstrates, however, that health care actually does relatively little to promote good health or save lives in comparison with other social and environmental factors. This article assesses the implications of the social determinants of health literature for existing theories of health care justice, and outlines a new approach that can justify publicly subsidized comprehensive health care despite its limited contribution to good health. Even if health care plays a relatively limited role in promoting good health, it remains morally important because of the care it provides to individuals. As such, it can be justified in terms of care ethics. When health care is justified primarily in terms of care rather than health, however, the goals of a just health-care system shift. The measure of a just health-care system is no longer strictly its ability to generate good health outcomes but also its ability to provide individuals with accessible, good quality daily care. This different focus has important consequences for the way we think about the institutions of a just health-care system as well as for the delivery and allocation of medical goods and services. Adapted from the source document.

Introducción. La Eugenesia es un acontecimiento histórico que logró mover, una vez más, los fundamentos éticos tradicionales de la humanidad, cuestionando nuestra concepción de lo humano, haciendo de la diferencia, la debilidad o la enfermad una amenaza tangible urgente de normalizar o exterminar. Objetivo. Estudiar la forma como se desarrolló el movimiento eugenésico en Latinoamérica, en países como Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba, Chile, México y Perú. Materiales y métodos. Artículo de revisión de corte histórico; se seleccionó bibliografía que permitiera 1) brindar acercamiento al origen y principios de la Eugenesia; 2) investigaciones y artículos publicados en los países en mención que dan cuenta del desarrollo del movimiento eugenésico y de las políticas e instituciones con ocasión del mismo; 3) documentos históricos de intelectuales, políticos y educadores colombianos de la primera mitad del siglo XX para evaluar su adhesión al darwinismo social y al paradigma degeneracionista; 4) revisión de la legislación de la primera mitad del siglo XX en Colombia para analizar la materialización de principios eugenésicos y finalmente 5) se abordaron documentos que permiten consolidar una reflexión en torno a los graves problemas éticos y sociales que implicó la Eugenesia como un paradigma determinista biológica y socialmente. Resultados y discusión. Se evidencia que el movimiento eugenésico permeó el contexto latinoamericano definiendo, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, la política pública de los diferentes estados en materia educativa, médica, económica y migratoria, entre otras; generando graves problemas de estigmatización racial y moral. ; Background. Eugenics was a historical event that increasingly changed the mankind's traditional ethical insights by means of inquiring our human nature visioning way, thus conceiving the difference, the weakness or the disease as a tangible threat that urgently needs to be normalized or abolished. Objective. Studying the way how the eugenic movement was developed in Latin-America, particularly in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Peru. Material and methods. Revision and historical-like article; literature was selected in order to provide clear understanding about the origins and principles of Eugenics. Research papers published in the aforesaid countries were undertaken to show evidence of the movement, its trends and claimant institutions. Historical documents from Colombian scholars, politicians and teachers from the second half of the twentieth century were also chosen to assess their adhesion to the social Darwinism and the degeneration paradigm as well. A careful revision of the ruling legislation of the first half of the twentieth century was carried out in order to peruse the traces of the eugenic approach. Finally, a deep pondering was done allowing the identification of the serious social and ethical problems arising from Eugenics as a determining paradigm biologically and socially speaking. Results and conclusions. The outcomes clearly show that the eugenic movement highly affected the Latin-American context by defining the first half of the XX century, particularly the public policy of different states (zones) in different issues such education, medicine, economics, migration among others, leading to serious problems such as racial and moral stigmatization.

El artículo analiza la prensa de educación y enseñanza como testimonio de los métodos y concepciones pedagógicos de una época y de una ideología moral, política y social de un grupo profesional. Aborda las iniciativas de la Secretaria de Educação del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, a través de la Revista do Ensino (1951-1978) y de la revista infanto-juvenil Cacique (1954-1963), como ejemplo de las finalidades educativas de un grupo de técnicos, profesores de educación primaria, que marcaran la formación de docentes y de alumnos en el Estado. El estudio del lugar de la prensa en el discurso social y de las estrategias editoriales se revelan ricos de información sobre el discurso pedagógico, las prácticas educativas, el cotidiano escolar, el grado de sumisión de los profesores a los programas y las instrucciones oficiales, a la ideología oficial y del cuerpo docente, de la fuerza de cambio y continuidad que presenta, a las contracciones del discurso. ; The article analyzes the education and teaching press as a testimony of the methods and pedagogical concepts of time and the moral, political and social ideology of a professional group. Discusses the initiatives of the Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, through the publication of the Revista do Ensino (1951-1978) and children's magazine Cacique (1954-1963), as an example of the educational purposes of a group of technicians, primary school teachers, which marked the teacher training and students in the state. The study of the place of press in social discourse and editorial strategies are revealed rich information about the pedagogical discourse, educational practices, the school routine, the degree of submission of teachers to programs and official instructions, the official ideology and the teachers thought, innovation strength and continuity that is, the contradictions of speech. ; Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación

в статье содержатся результаты анализа правового регулирования видов и процедуры поощрения общественных воспитателей несовершеннолетних как одной из форм повышения их активности и стимулирования деятельности. Исследование проводилось на основе комплексного подхода ; сравнительного метода и принципа методологического плюрализма. В работе исследуется федеральное законодательство и региональные акты 17 субъектов Российской Федерации ; характеризующиеся различными подходами к регулированию мер поощрения общественных воспитателей. В заключении приводится классификация мер поощрения общественных воспитателей (в сферах финансовой поддержки ; информационной поддержки ; образования ; трудоустройства публичного признания заслуг). Дается оценка эффективности их применения. ; the article contains the results of the analysis of the legal regulation of the types and procedures of encouragement of social educators of minors ; as one of the measures increasing their efficiency and stimulating their activity. The research was done on the basis of a complex approach ; comparative method and the principle of methodological pluralism. The paper researches Federal legislation and regional acts of the 17 subjects of the Russian Federation ; characterized by different approaches to the regulation of social educator's encouragement measures. In conclusion classification is given of the measures of social educator's encouragement (in the spheres of financial support ; information support ; education ; employment and public recognition of merits). Evaluation of their efficiency is done.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Society and its Law -- Law: Origin, Function, Differentiation -- In Search of a Foundation -- Meaning, Communication, Autopoiesis -- Normative Closure -- Modernity as Functional Differentiation -- 1 Rights before the Court -- Judge-Made Law and Socio-Legal Studies -- Fundamental Rights -- Constitutional Adjudication: Law at a Crossroads -- Judicial Review as Law's Self-Steering -- The Court as Decision Networks -- Reading Jurisprudence Systemically -- 2 Racial Exclusion: State Action and System-Reference -- Jury Service and Law -- Suffrage and Politics -- Public Transportation/Accommodation and the Medium of Money -- School Desegregation and Public Education -- How Race Matters -- 3 Racial Inclusion: Strict Scrutiny and Functional Relevance -- Constitution and Race: To See or Not to See -- Contexts and Systems -- Strict Scrutiny and Functional Analysis -- The Measure of Neutrality -- From Class to Classification -- 4 Religion and Law: Organizations and Programs -- A Double Bind -- Public Funding -- Access to Public Fora -- Religion and Public Education -- Religious Accommodation -- From Classification to Societal System -- 5 Privacy as Structural Coupling -- Selective Self-Presentation -- Moral Individualism and Division of Labor -- Groups and Secrecy -- Social Systems and Privacy -- Privacy Jurisprudence: Preliminary Explorations -- Concluding Remarks -- Conclusion -- References

Intro -- Title Page -- Chapter 1: Editorial -- Chapter 2: Powerful Resolutions for Addictions with Mind-Body Counseling Techniques by Jan C. Lemon and Buddy Wagner -- Chapter 3: Understanding Substance Abuse Through an Adlerian Theoretical Lens by Katie A. Wachtel, Todd F. Lewis, and Stephen P. Hebard -- Chapter 4: Addiction Training in Counselor Education by Tiffany K. Lee and Gary H. Bischof -- Chapter 5: Training Students in Counselor Education Programs in Process Addictions by Judith A. Nelson, Angie D. Wilson, and Leigh F. Holman -- Chapter 6: Competency Based Alcohol and Drug Clinical Supervision Model by Christine Chasek -- Chapter 7: Multiple Relationships with Clients by Kevin Doyle -- Chapter 8: Brief Alcohol Counseling Interventions in a Trauma Setting with Latina/o Clients by Nathaniel N. Ivers, Laura J. Veach, Regina R. Moro, Jennifer L. Rogers, and Mary Claire O'Brien -- Chapter 9: Incorporating Family Systems Models into Substance Abuse Interventions with Latino Adults by Aaron S. Hymes -- Chapter 10: Providing Forensic Services in Community Mental Health Agencies by Courtney C. C. Heard -- Chapter 11: The MO(o)d PIRAte Malingering Mnemonic Risk Assessment by Paul A. Carrola and Gerald A. Juhnke -- Chapter 12: Assessment of Treatment Fidelity to Moral Reconation Therapy by James S. Korcuska, David Hulac, and Irene Harper.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction: Recognition and Freedom in Axel Honneth's Political Thought /Odin Lysaker and Jonas Jakobsen -- 1 Education and the Democratic Public Sphere: A Neglected Chapter of Political Philosophy /Axel Honneth -- 2 Recognition, Education, and Civic Equality: Uncovering the Normative Ideals of the Welfare State /Simon Laumann Jørgensen -- 3 Recognition, Solidarity, and the Politics of Esteem: Basic Income as a Test Case /Arto Laitinen -- 4 Sociality, Anti-Sociality, and Social Work: Political Imagination in a Social Democratic Welfare State in Decline /Heikki Ikäheimo -- 5 Dimensions of Freedom: Axel Honneth's Critique of Liberalism /Morten Raffnsøe-Møller -- 6 Surplus of Indeterminacy: A Hegelian Critique of Neoliberalism /Arne Johan Vetlesen -- 7 Democratic Disagreement and Embodied Dignity: The Moral Grammar of Political Conflicts /Odin Lysaker -- 8 Contextualising Religious Pain: Saba Mahmood, Axel Honneth, and the Danish Cartoons /Jonas Jakobsen -- 9 Inquiries into Identity: The Struggle for Recognition in Erik Allardt's Study of Ethnic Conflicts /Arvi Särkelä -- 10 Ultimate Values and Immanent Critique: On Axel Honneth's Das Recht der Freiheit and Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma /Carl-Göran Heidegren -- 11 Writing History from a Normative Point of View: The Reconstructive Method in Axel Honneth's Das Recht der Freiheit /Jørgen Pedersen -- 12 Freedom, Solidarity, and Democracy: An Interview with Axel Honneth /Morten Raffnsøe-Møller -- Index.

This research aims to describe the implementation of character education in inclusive schools at SDN Cisarua, Sukabumi City. The aspects observed in the implementation of character education include learning, example, strengthening, and habituation. This is qualitative research with a descriptive qualitative research design. The subjects of this research included school principals, class teachers, and students with special needs (ABK). The data collection techniques used in this research are interviews, observation, and documentation studies. This research data was analyzed using data reduction steps, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity checking technique using triangulation of techniques and sources the results of the research show that the principal's policy and the role of the class teacher have been instilled in students in their class, especially those with special needs, through learning, example, strengthening, and habituation. In implementing learning, teachers emphasize instilling the character values of tolerance and caring. The teacher does this in learning by instilling concepts through explanations, discussing moral issues, stories, active learning, and collaborative methods. Apart from that, teachers also set examples in attitudes and actions, give awards, provide individual assistance, and familiarize students with mingling with friends with special needs, both in the classroom and outside the classroom.