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Generally speaking, the traditional approach of security mainly regards states as a sole referent object of security and refutes any attempt to broaden the concept of security. This understanding is known as a realist approach. This approach, however, has been recently challenged by the Copenhagen School, the Welsh School, and the human security approach. The Copenhagen School assumes that there is now a duality of security: state security and societal security. However, both the Welsh School and the human security school look at individuals as a sole referent object of security. This article critically reviews the traditional approaches of security, the Copenhagen School, the Welsh School, and the human security approach. This article finally argues that the Copenhagen School could successfully broaden the concept of security, and therefore, it is more convincing when compared to other schools.

This book studies the state of tribal education in India. India has the single largest tribal population in the world, yet the tribal community remains one of the most economically impoverished and marginalized groups in the country. The volume Examines the educational status of the tribal population and studies developmental issues such as unemployment, illiteracy, caste discrimination, and inequality faced by the community. Studies the implementation and execution of welfare schemes, initiatives, and reforms in place to tackle issues faced by tribal students and identifies loopholes in the various centrally sponsored schemes. Emphasizes the importance of the Right to Education Act and presents policy implications for the educational uplift of India's very many millions of tribal people. A critical study of the Indian education system, this book will be indispensable to students and researchers of education, education policy, minority studies, indigenous studies, sociology of education, and South Asian studies.

This work takes as its focus the nature of Hungary's youth movements since the 1930s. In a detailed ethnographic study, the text covers the lives of youth workers in the Csepel district of Budapest in the context of the political and economic transformations witnessed during the 20th century

The United States was the principal architect and builder of the United Nations, and the great mass of the American people welcomed the new edifice with enthusiasm and high—perhaps too high—hopes for a new world. Now, two decades and many crises later, United States opinion is wiser and more ambivalent. A large majority of the public still gives general support to the United Nations, but its enthusiasm is tempered by experience, and a vociferous minority holds views ranging from biting criticism to total rejection.

Studies on voters have shown that emotions are an important factor in politics. However, less is known about emotions experienced by adolescents in the context of civic education. Applying the control‐value theory to a cross‐curricular context, we analyze the relations between two types of emotions experienced in civic education and their antecedents and effects on learning: achievement emotions experienced during in‐class political discussions and epistemic emotions experienced during individual processing of political information in school. We hypothesized both types of emotions relate to control and value appraisal antecedents (e.g., internal political efficacy, personal importance). Further, we expected—depending on the specific emotion—positive or negative relations with academic outcomes (e.g., motivation, engagement, and knowledge). Data were collected with an online questionnaire in Austrian upper secondary schools with students (N = 594, Mage = 17.1) from grades 10 to 13. Bivariate latent correlations broadly support the expectations: We found mainly positive associations of antecedents and outcomes to enjoyment, hope, pride, curiosity, and surprise and negative associations to hopelessness, confusion, and boredom, but more complex correlation patterns for anxiety, anger, and shame. The results provide first insights into which emotions are experienced during political learning and underscore the importance of acknowledging the role of emotions in civic education.

Men's practices in children's lives: Current practices have shown that most of coupled families are manned by mothers. The majority of fathers are engaged at workplaces. During their free time drinking holes have proved to be men' entertainment place. The small house issue has also robbed some of the father's time from their children. Whenever at home fathers appear to dedicate time to media, soccer, politics, and deals or are tired. In this scenario one wonders if men have influence on their children's upkeep. This paper therefore seeks to establish whether fatherhood is still critical in the development of children. It would be proper to use a descriptive survey in order to establish views of randomly selected men, children and women, on the role being played by fathers in this present scenario. The main question being raised is do men still have time and great influence in their children's lives, and what values are they inculcating to them?

Series on developing China - Translated research from China / Editorial Committee -- Preface : Paying attention to Chinese interpretations / Pan Shiwei -- Introduction : Academic inquiries into the "Chinese success story" / Deng Zhenglai -- pt. I. Civil society in China : A theoretical reflection. The construction of the Chinese civil society / Deng Zhenglai, Jing Yuejin. "Civil society" in modern China studies : Methodology and limitations / Yang Nianqun. Civil society in China : Concepts, classification and institutional environment / Yu Keping. Graduated control : Research on state-society relationship in contemporary Mainland China / Kang Xiaoguang, Han Heng. Evolution of interactive relationships among Chinese state, civil ruling elites and commoners before and after the reform / Sun Liping -- pt. II. A historical research on civil society. "State and society" in modern China : Research review and reflection / Zhu Ying. The ideas of civil society in Mainland China and Taiwan, 1986-92 / He Baogang. Public sphere in neoteric China : Forms, functions and self-understandings - A case study of Shanghai / Xu Jilin. Training ground for democracy : Associational life in China / Wang Shaoguang, He Jianyu. Chinese rural township government : A sequence of the expansive moments of the state in history / Wang Mingming -- pt. III. The modern development of civil society in China. The Wenzhou model of China's civil society / Zhou Jun, Yu Jianxing. Towards a corporatist development of civil society in China : Enabling state and mutual empowerment between state and society / Edward Gu. From major community standard to civil society : A rethinking of traditional China and its modernization / Qin Hui.

AbstractOn March 7, 1962 the Royal College of Physicians published a report entitled Smoking and Health that made the causal link between smoking and lung cancer clear and explicit. Using a historical data set that contains information on smoking from 1958 to 1965, I find a decrease in smoking for those with more schooling after the report's publication. I do not find a difference in the effect for those with greater access to information (measured by TV ownership or newspaper readership). This suggests the education health gradient is more likely due to processing of information rather than access to information.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. What it Takes: Applying for a Job in Law Enforcement -- 2. At the Academy -- 3. The Big Picture: How Law Enforcement Agencies are Organized -- 4. On the Job -- 5. Salary and Benefits -- Glossary -- Notes -- Further Information -- Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.