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In this article the relationship between shadow economy and its' determinants has been examined. Ten Eastern countries from European Union were chosen due to specific particularities, which may cause higher shadow economy levels in the investigated countries compared with the EU average. Time span of 2003-2016 was selected, as 2017 data has yet to be released at the time of the analysis. Article consists of examination of the current situation and shadow economy trends in Eastern European countries; overview of shadow economy scientific literature followed by hypothesis, which are examined by constructing regression models. Models aim to distinguish the relationship between selected determinants and shadow economy size. Scientific literature analysis revealed that increase of tax burden on labor is seen as a primary reason for the increase of shadow economy, however, such relation has not been identified. Furthermore, results show that unemployment and self-employed people ratio affect shadow economy insignificantly. This suggests that further analysis is needed. Nonetheless, regression model has not rejected the hypotheses of corruption level, income inequality, business freedom and GDP per capita effect on shadow economy. Thus, it can be stated that these variables are determinants of shadow economy in Eastern European countries.

<i>The paper deals with logistics centres. Author presents some various definitions, identifies
main functions and classifies logistics centres. The main purpose of the article is to
characterize selected logistics centres located in member countries of the European Union
and to show their comparison.</i>

This article points out the first steps of the cartel settlement and Leniency Program in European Union and positive sides of the mentioned tool for the companies participating in the anticompetitive agreements. Cartel Settlement and Leniency Program played an enormous role for the market to be undistorted and free from any type of anticompetitive practices. It is also worth to mention that introducing of Settlement notice as well as Leniency Program played crucial role for Commission and as well for undertakings to find fastest way out from the anticompetitive practices to settle and protect free and undistorted competition on the market. Both tools are very beneficial and useful for competition and its further development. ; This article points out the first steps of the cartel settlement and Leniency Program in European Union and positive sides of the mentioned tool for the companies participating in the anticompetitive agreements. Cartel Settlement and Leniency Program played an enormous role for the market to be undistorted and free from any type of anticompetitive practices. It is also worth to mention that introducing of Settlement notice as well as Leniency Program played crucial role for Commission and as well for undertakings to find fastest way out from the anticompetitive practices to settle and protect free and undistorted competition on the market. Both tools are very beneficial and useful for competition and its further development.

Defence date: 17 October 2006 ; Examining Board: Prof. Jacques Ziller (Supervisor, European University Institute); Prof. Massimo Motta (Co-Supervisor, European University Institute); Prof. Pierre Larouche (University o f Tilburg); Mrs. Inge Bernaerts (European Commission) ; First made available online on 15 May 2018

Refugee Protection and Solidarity aims to define the duties that EU member states have towards each other in the field of refugee protection. It employs the analytical tools of normative political theory to bring moral clarity to a highly divisive debate on both principles and political feasibility.

Parochial Global Europe focuses centrally on modern, 21st century trade policy. It also sheds light on the EU as a global actor by analysing its use of trade policy as a tool of foreign policy from promoting development, to encouraging human rights and environmental protection, to punishing security threats.

In den Jahren 2000 bis 2008 wurde die gesetzliche Arbeitsmarktpolitik des Bundes (SGB III) aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds ergänzt (ESF-BA-Programm). Mit diesem Bericht informiert die Begleitforschung des IAB abschließend über ihre Ergebnisse. Vorgestellt werden die Befunde der Implementationsanalysen und Wirkungsanalysen zur ESF-Förderung der beruflichen Weiterbildung von Arbeitslosen, Qualifizierung während Kurzarbeit bei endgültigem Arbeitsausfall, Hilfen zur Existenzgründung aus Arbeitslosigkeit und Vermittlung berufsbezogener Deutschkenntnisse an Arbeitslose mit Migrationshintergrund. Axel Deeke leitet die Forschungsgruppe "Arbeitsmarktpolitik und Europäischer Sozialfonds" am Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg.

Christine Quittkat untersucht, wie sich die Europäisierung der Interessenvermittlung französischer Wirtschaftsverbände gestaltet. Sie zeigt in der empirischen Analyse, dass sich nicht nur die französischen Verbandsstrukturen mit der Einbindung in die europäische Politikgestaltung verändern. Mit der Orientierung französischer Wirtschaftsverbände nach Europa sind auch die französischen Staat-Verbände-Beziehungen einem Wandel unterworfen. Allerdings bleiben etatistische Denk- und Interaktionsmuster trotz veränderter, stärker partnerschaftlicher Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Wirtschaftsverbänden in Frankreich weiterhin prägend.

The topics of poverty and social inclusion are most often addressed within the labour market integration issue. Since 2013, the employment in the EU has increased. In 2015, the total employment rate is 65.6% (population aged 15-64). In the same time 9.4% of all employed (21 million people) are at risk of poverty. The conclusion is that almost a quarter of all poor people in Europe are working and the employment did not protect them from the poverty. Therefore, this report is focused the labour market factors that provoke different levels of poverty spreading among the employed and the possibilities of the policies to limit the problem. ; peer-reviewed