Suchergebnisse

Cite: Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), (2015). Diversity in human sexuality: implications for policy in Africa. [Online] Available at: DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf/0022 ; ASSAf, in collaboration with the Uganda National Academy of Sciences, undertook a consensus study on Diversity in Human Sexuality: Implications for Policy in Africa in 2015. The topic of sexual and gender diversity has elicited very different reactions in African countries and amongst scholars in Africa. Same-sex activities are becoming more visible in African populations, yet the subject is consistently avoided or the practice denied or criminalised. Although it has been regularly and widely claimed that homosexuality is "un- African", reputable studies by historians and anthropologists have found same-sex relationships to have been prevalent since the pre-colonial period in Africa. Thirty-eight of fifty-three African nations criminalise homosexuality, thereby imposing varying degrees of legislative restrictions on sexual preference and practices, and on the fulfillment of human rights of individuals and affected groups. Furthermore, the stigmatisation and criminalisation of homosexuality has made public health interventions, particularly with respect to HIV prevention and treatment, difficult to effectively implement. ; US National Academy of Sciences, United States Rockefeller Foundation, United States

The study of ethical issues of research activitiesis an actual problem in historical science. These issues include value orientations and virtues of academics, as well asdeviations from norms, conflicts, and academic violations. The paper is devoted to the problem of plagiarism in Soviet historical science after 1945on the basis ofmaterials from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).The article examines the conflicts of Soviet research-es: N.M.Druzhinin, T.D.Shoinbaev, L.V.Cherepnin, A.M.Karasik, A.L.Sidorov, A.I.Gukovskiy, L.I.Zubok, I.S.Zvavich, P.Ya.Bukshpan and I.A.Fedosov.The author analyzes the activities of special commissions that con-sidered cases of plagiarismand discusses what the Soviet scholars meant speaking about plagiarism. The commis-sions' expertisewasrelated tothe academic genre/type of historiographical source. The author definestwo types of deliberateunfair borrowing: textual plagiarism and plagiarism of ideas. Attention is paid to the issue of punishment for intellectual theftand tothe requirements of the accusers.Forming commissions is regarded as a reaction of the research community to ethical conflicts, and the attempt to resolve issues related to the suspicion of plagiarism in academia.The further perspective of thetopic is connected withthe study of the motivation of scholars-plagiarists

The symposium begins with an edited transcript of the roundtable,
"The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Political Science,"
held during the 2001 APSA Annual Meeting. Next, Susan E. Clarke,
University of Colorado, Boulder and Carnegie Scholar in 2000,
synthesizes the objectives of STL—one of which specifies that STL be
discipline-based—in her introduction to Jenny R. Kehl's data essay.
In her essay, Jenny Kehl provides an initial exploration of what can
be classified as STL work in political science. Finally, the
annotated bibliography of STL literature prepared by Pat Hutchings,
Chris Bjork, and Marcia Babb provides references for political
science faculty new to this discussion.

Sea‐level rise sits at the frontier of usable climate climate change research, because it involves natural and human systems with long lags, irreversible losses, and deep uncertainty. For example, many of the measures to adapt to sea‐level rise involve infrastructure and land‐use decisions, which can have multigenerational lifetimes and will further influence responses in both natural and human systems. Thus, sea‐level science has increasingly grappled with the implications of (1) deep uncertainty in future climate system projections, particularly of human emissions and ice sheet dynamics; (2) the overlay of slow trends and high‐frequency variability (e.g., tides and storms) that give rise to many of the most relevant impacts; (3) the effects of changing sea level on the physical exposure and vulnerability of ecological and socioeconomic systems; and (4) the challenges of engaging stakeholder communities with the scientific process in a way that genuinely increases the utility of the science for adaptation decision making. Much fundamental climate system research remains to be done, but many of the most critical issues sit at the intersection of natural sciences, social sciences, engineering, decision science, and political economy. Addressing these issues demands a better understanding of the coupled interactions of mean and extreme sea levels, coastal geomorphology, economics, and migration; decision‐first approaches that identify and focus research upon those scientific uncertainties most relevant to concrete adaptation choices; and a political economy that allows usable science to become used science.

Abstract
This paper identifies the potential benefits of data sharing and open science, supported by artificial intelligence tools and services, and dives into the challenges to make data open and findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR).

La protection de l'environnement s'est, dès ses origines, fondée sur les sciences naturelles et les techniques et, depuis plus récemment, elle interagit avec l'économie, mais ses relations avec des aspects sociaux ont été l'objet de moins d'attention. L'environnement appelle pourtant la préservation de la (qualité de la) vie, et l'homme est bien un animal social. Or, si l'objectif de protection de l'environnement est généralement formulé de façon consensuelle, il va évidemment se trouver décliné de façons différentes selon des différenciations sociales. La pleine prise en compte de ces interactions conduit à formuler une série de questions. Comment se répartissent les impacts environnementaux dans une société ?Comment les objectifs et les actions orientés vers la protection de l'environnement peuvent-ils être lus dans le prisme des catégories sociales ?Quels en sont plus particulièrement les bénéficiaires et les perdants ?Quels sont ceux qui peuvent faire entendre leur voix, et influencent les critères ?Quelles pistes envisager pour une limitation des impacts négatifs de la croissance économique dans un double objectif d'équité sociale et de réduction des nuisances environnementales ?Ces questions interrogent des aspects fondamentaux du développement durable et de l'écologie politique. Elles sont étudiées dans ce livre, en théorie et sur de nombreux cas pratiques ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

ABSTRACTData access and research transparency (DA-RT) is a growing concern for the discipline. Technological advances have greatly reduced the cost of sharing data, enabling full replication archives consisting of data and code to be shared on individual websites, as well as journal archives and institutional data repositories. But how do we ensure that scholars take advantage of these resources to share their replication archives? Moreover, are the costs of research transparency borne by individuals or by journals? This article assesses the impact of journal replication policies on data availability and finds that articles published in journals with mandatory provision policies are 24 times more likely to have replication materials available than articles those with no requirements.