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The ASEAN Charter and key documents, such as the ASEAN Community Vision 2025: Forging Ahead Together, explicitly state that ASEAN maintains its centrality in the regional processes and in the conduct of its external affairs. Maintaining centrality is crucial to ASEAN's success as a regional bloc and critical to its relevance in the international arena. Moreover, through ASEAN centrality, a rules-based regional order is promoted and developed, consequently diffusing potential tension and con-flict between and among states, whether big or small. ASEAN centrality rests on the idea that ASEAN has the capacity to play a leading and driver role vis-à-vis regional agenda setting. It also puts premium on ASEAN's ability to act as leader, driver, and fulcrum of regional initiatives in relating with its external partners, while promoting, first and foremost, ASEAN's own interests.

To promote decentralization and regional participation, the 1991 Constitution granted regional entities administrative and financial autonomy within the limits of the law. Objective. To identify the implications of tax-related constitutional tension between autonomy and regulatory power of regional entities in Colombia. Methodology. A qualitative methodology is proposed for analyzing the types of evidence and developing the types of arguments that commonly occur in the legal field. Results. The Constitution grants regional entities the authority to determine the objective budgets of the levies in accordance withthe law, a power not exclusive to Congress. This would imply a disregard for the primary legislator's capacity to levy taxes. Conclusions. It is concluded that, in order to avoid this constitutional tension, an organic law of regional organization is required, which clearly establishes the autonomous regulatory powers of regional entities to act within the limitationsimposed by the legislator in tax matters. ; La Constitución de 1991, con el fin de promover la descentralización y la participación de las regiones, les concedió a las entidades territoriales autonomíaadministrativa y financiera dentro de los límites de la ley. Objetivo. Identificar las implicaciones de la tensión constitucional entre la autonomía y la potestad normativa en materia tributaria de los entes territoriales en Colombia. Metodología. Se propone una metodología cualitativa, la cual es utilizada para analizar los tipos de evidencia y desarrollar los tipos de argumentos que generalmente se dan en el campo jurídico. Resultados. La constitución les otorga lacompetencia a las entidades territoriales de determinar los presupuestos objetivos de los gravámenes de acuerdo con la ley, sin que esta facultad sea exclusiva del Congreso. Lo anterior, implicaría un desconocimiento de la capacidad que posee el legislador primario de imponer tributos. Conclusiones. Se concluye que, para evitar esta tensión constitucional, existe la necesidad de ...

Over the past thirty years, regional governance has been built in the Arctic thanks to the interaction of different levels of political action corresponding to various actors: states, civil society, indigenous organizations, federal and local governments, NGOs, private companies. The Arctic is now involved in various mechanisms that tend towards integration, defined as the process by which the regularity and intensity of interactions between societies increases. We are here analyzing how political governance has constructed the Arctic as a political region. Post-Cold War top-down political cooperation has led to visible regional institutional integration in the Arctic. This institutional integration stems from the state's desire to protect the environment as a pretext for political cooperation, but also from informal transnational networks, scientific and indigenous. It then appears that in a context of increased politicization of the region due to the consequences of climate change, the construction of the Arctic region becomes for the Arctic States a means of excluding certain actors, gradually pushed out of decision-making bodies. In return, the latter widen the limits of the region through new forms of political governance (informal forums, club diplomacy), clearly showing that the region is a political and social reality, always changing and challenged in space and time. ; En l'espace de trente ans, la construction de la gouvernance politique régionale s'est faite en Arctique grâce à l'interaction de différentes échelles d'action politique correspondant à divers acteurs : États, société civile, organisations autochtones, gouvernements fédéraux et locaux, ONG, entreprises. L'Arctique est à présent impliquée dans divers mécanismes qui tendent vers une intégration, définie comme processus par lequel la régularité et l'intensité des interactions entre les sociétés s'accroissent. Il s'agit donc ici d'analyser la manière dont la gouvernance politique à toutes les échelles a construit l'espace arctique comme une région. La coopération politique impulsée « par le haut » dans l'après-Guerre froide a conduit à l'intégration régionale institutionnelle visible en Arctique. Cette intégration institutionnelle est issue de la volonté étatique de protection de l'environnement comme prétexte à la coopération politique, mais également de réseaux transnationaux informels, en particulier scientifiques et autochtones. Il apparaît alors que dans un contexte de politisation accrue de la région due en particulier aux conséquences du changement climatique, la construction de la région arctiques devient pour les États arctiques un moyen d'exclure certains acteurs, progressivement poussés hors des instances décisionnelles. En retour, ces derniers élargissent les limites de la région à travers de nouvelles formes de gouvernance politique (forums informels, diplomatie de club), montrant bien que la région est une réalité politique et sociale toujours mouvante dans l'espace comme dans le temps, revendiquée, et contestée.

Regional policy of any modern state is carried out in strict accordance with the legislation defined strategic priorities of development, developed in accordance with the global concept of sustainable development. The latest 1992 recognized the dominant philosophy of development for all territories and societies, which have agreed to abide by all UN Member States. The sustainable development is an ideological concept, which is developing dynamically and has many interpretations and explanations, that reflect the idea of harmonization of nature and society, in which the development process makes it possible to meet the needs of society without harming the interests of future generations. This structural concept consists of three components - economic, social and environmental sustainable development. One of the greatest achievements of the international community towards sustainable development is the increased activity of governments and international organizations in this field. Moreover, in the beginning of its existence the practical implementation of sustainable development concept envisaged primarily governmental activities, as well as international co-operation and mutual assistance. Now the emphasis shifted towards the actualization of the regional level of government, which actually carried out the sustainable development of territories. Thanks to the efforts of local government, that exercising appropriate local programs and other programs of sustainable development, the concept of sustainable development is provided at local level. This entails strengthening the regional component of the state policy in all countries of the world and in Ukraine in particular. The strategic priority of sustainable development is regions. It is the most important key to improving regional proportions factor in achieving natural balance economic, efficient and full use of intra conditions and resources, the implementation of regulatory policy, restructuring of regional economic complexes in view of the environmental features of each region of the state. Strategy for Sustainable Development «Ukraine-2020» is aimed at the realization of the ideas of sustainable development in the political practice is within the policy of regional development of Ukrainian territories, enabling them to take into account all local features. ; Осуществлен анализ основных постулатов концепции устойчивого развития как основной философии последующего развития человечества, имеющей общемировое признание и являющейся обязательной для имплементации правительствами стран-членов ООН. Определено, что устойчивое развитие – это мировоззренческая концепция, которая динамично развивается, имеет множество интерпретаций и пояснений, которые отражают идею гармонизации природы и общества, при которой процесс развития дает возможность обеспечить потребности общества, не нанося ущерба интересам последующих поколений. Даная концепция структурно состоит из трех компонентов – экономического, социального и экологического устойчивого развития. Автор доказывает, что в начале своего существования и на первых порах своей практической реализации концепция устойчивого развития предусматривала, прежде всего, правительственные мероприятия, а также международное сотрудничество и взаимопомощь. Сейчас акценты смещены в сторону актуализации регионального уровня власти, где собственно и осуществляется устойчивое развитие территорий. Это влечет за собой усиление региональной составляющей в государственной политике всех стран мира и в Украине, в частности. Стратегия устойчивого развития «Украина-2020» направлена на реализацию идей устойчивого развития в политической практике именно в рамках политики регионального развития украинских территорий, позволяющей учитывать все их локальные особенности. ; Здійснено аналіз основних постулатів концепції сталого розвитку як основної філософії подальшого розвитку людства, що має загальносвітове визнання та є обов'язковою для імплементації урядами країн-членів ООН. Визначено, що сталий розвиток – це світоглядна концепція, яка динамічно розвивається, має різноманітні аспекти та тлумачення, що відображають ідею гармонізації природи та суспільства, за якої процес розвитку дає можливість забезпечити потреби сучасного покоління, не завдаючи шкоди інтересам майбутніх поколінь. Дана концепція структурно складається з трьох компонентів – економічного, соціального та екологічного сталого розвитку. Автором доводиться, що на початку свого існування та впровадження в практику країн світу концепція сталого розвитку передбачала здебільшого урядові заходи, а також міжнародну співпрацю та взаємодопомогу. Зараз акценти зміщуються в бік актуалізації регіонального рівня влади, де саме й відбувається ствердження сталого розвитку території. Це вимагає зміцнення регіональної складової в державній політиці всіх країн світу та України зокрема. Стратегія сталого розвитку «Україна-2020» спрямована на реалізацію ідей сталого розвитку в політичну практику саме в межах політики регіонального розвитку українських територій із урахуванням всіх їх локальних особливостей.

The South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) was launched in 1996, however, its functioning is an ongoing research phenomenon. This regional cooperation format includes all 13 states of South-East Europe. It was established as a forum of political dialogue and consultation, where regional issues could be addressed at the highest level. One of the objectives of the SEECP was security cooperation. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of the SEECP in maintaining security in the region of the Western Balkans. This article argues that since 1996, the SEECP has been evolving and is becoming an important format of regional cooperation in South East Europe, however, it plays a limited role in maintaining the military security of the post-conflict states of the Western Balkans. From the point of view of the members of the SEECP, military security and peace could be obtained through the integration of the participants of the SEECP, in particular those located in the Western Balkans, with the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The article also shows that establishing the SEECP did not eliminate tensions and riots based on ethnicity in some states of the Western Balkans and so, the SEECP still has a lot to do in the matters of reconciliation and good-neighbourliness. The article is based on primary and secondary source analysis, case study method comparative analysis, and the historical method.

Asia-Pacific security : policy challenges -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface to the second printing -- 1. Australia and Asia-Pacific security after September 11: an introduction -- 2. The challenge for Australian foreign-policy professionals -- 3. The rhetoric of Australia's regional policy -- 4. Australia's strategic options in the US-China relationship -- 5. China and Asia-Pacific security building in the new century -- 6. China's efforts as a responsible power -- 7. The knowledge-based economy in China: perceptions and facts -- 8. China's 'New Security Concept' and Southeast Asia -- 9. Chinese nationalism and its foreign policy implications -- 10. Japan's missile defence dilemma -- 11. Security and stability in Southwest Asia -- 12. Mediating the global order: the past and future of Asia- Pacific regional organizations -- 13. The constructivist challenge to the debate on East Asian security in the new century -- 14. Australian-American relations in the new century: applying resuscitation or pursuing illusions? -- Epilogue: Asia-Pacific security in the age of the 'war on terror' -- Index.

In Serbia the process of the regionalization, the power decentralization and the strengthening to self"government has become a central issue in the recent years. In this context, our aim is to give the general preview about the initial processes of Serbia's regional development and decentralization. The research on the subject is justified by the accession of Serbia to the European Union. The main questions are: Where is currently the regional organization in Serbia? How and in that measure has the decentralization process been achieved? Is there a "bottom"up" initiative in Serbia or the country is trying to meet the expectations of the European Union? It should be noted that Serbia had the largest and most differential spatial structure of the former Yugoslavia, furthermore the war conditions gave special characteristics to the spatial backwardness and setback. Currently, the country's development path is complicated and shows numerous sophisticated features in many segments of the economic progression.

In order to implement the provisions of Article 3 paragraph (1) of Peraturan pemerintah number 18 of 2016 concerning Regional Apparatuses, the Banten Provincial Government needs to stipulate Regional Regulations concerning the Formation and Composition of Regional Apparatuses. Based on this mandate, the Banten Provincial Government on November 23, 2016 promulgated the Banten Province Regional Peraturan Daerah Number 8 of 2016 concerning the Formation and Composition of Regional Apparatuses. The regional regulations are explained in the Peraturan Gubernur Number 83 of 2016 concerning the position, main tasks, functions, types, organizational structures and work procedures of the Banten Province Regional Apparatus. Regional apparatus organizations must be flexible and adaptive to regulatory changes and are expected to accommodate the needs of changes in society. For this reason, an organizational structure is needed to regulate the relationship between sections and subsections in the structure of an organization that is rich in functions. The regional apparatus organization is the regional secretariat which carries out the duties and functions of the regional secretariat. With this situation, the implementation of regional government, which is related to and or originates from the composition, organizational structure, as well as the implementation of the duties and functions of regional apparatus as the organizer of regional government affairs and identifies alternative arrangements of regional apparatus that are more in line with the needs of the vision and mission of the regional head. The data analysis technique in this study was carried out using qualitative methods through a juridical-normative approach, sociological empirical and institutional theory approach.

International trade liberalization increasingly addresses disciplines which fall within the constitutional competence of regional and local governments. Traditional notions of nation/state sovereignty are evolving to recognize the importance of regional and local actors on the international economic scene. The ongoing evolution of international trade and sovereignty incresasingly places regional and local governments in a unique position to influence world trade, positively and negatively. This article explores the manner in which the World Trade Organization attempts to regulate regional and local behavior. Specifically, this Article explores the inherent constitutional tension and resulting ambiguities in the WTO's effort to regulate regional and local behavior, as emboddied in GATT Article XXIV:12. The Article concludes with an exploration of alternative options for improving regional and local compliance with international trade disciplines.

"The African Union (AU), a continental organization that comprises every African state except Morocco, is a pioneering undertaking. Its ambitious aim is to integrate all member states, with the ultimate goal of forming the United States of Africa. Despite several attempts to build a union, the AU has remained an intergovernmental organization, with one reason being a perceived unwillingness of the AU states to pool their national sovereignties. This study seeks to comprehend why Africa's integration process has not moved toward a supranational organization, using a novel approach. It shifts the usual perspective away from the organization level and provides the first comprehensive and systematic analysis of the AU from the perspective of the states themselves"--Page 4 of cover