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Proposals for using "social indicators" and "social accounting" and for initiating "social reports" by governments have been put forth in the United States and certain European countries. These proposals are closely related to the emergence of explosive social problems in the economically developed countries. But, at the same time, there has been also growing dissatisfaction in economically developing countries with planning based on narrowly construed economic models and with the conspicuous absence of the adjective "social" in the definition of "development." If both developed and developing countries are now more concerned with the social aspects of life, then perhaps social information can be useful in both cases. A cluster of ideas deeply rooted in a certain situation cannot be easily transplanted. The differences between the social problems of a "developed" and a "developing" situation are so great that entirely different kinds of social information are needed in each. Nevertheless, certain ideas contained in the various social information proposals could prove to be extremely useful for the specific problems of developing countries.

Introduction:Quality of life in cancer patients and probably also long term survival is negatively affected with fear of the recurrence of cancer and consequences of aggressive therapy. This is the reason for anxiety, depressions, and frustration which are accompanied by cognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders in their physical, relationship, sexual and social func- tioning. The aim of our study is to analyze the dynamics of evolution of the psychosocial loads and qualitative changes its symptomatology in cancer patients who survival 1-4 years after surgery. Material and methods:For assessment of psychosocial mor- bidity ́s in measure in surgery patients standardized question- naires of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer- questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30.3 (Quality of Life- C.30.3) and its module EORTC QLQ- BR23 were used. Results:The degree of psychosocial mortality in survival pa- tients one year after MRM in our group clearly demonstrated that these patients suffered because of consequences of psy- chosocial loads. It results from fear of recurrence of cancer and next functional, emotional, cognitive and social disorders with- out regard for surgery range. The degree of psychosocial loads in patients after MRM is still more than 4 years after end of treatment. Results show, that after the end of treatment there are many changes in their lives - anxiety and depressions can lead to psychical lability because of higher doubts, nervous- ness, irritability, helplessness and loneliness in their sufferers. Conclusion:Out-patient psychosocial interventions and pre- ventions because of negative impact of ongoing and changing psychosocial loads becomes necessary. It means that there is negative impact on quality of life; of long term cancer remis- sion and survival of patients after surgery.

1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptual Backgrounds -- 3. Agent-based modeling for social simulation methods -- 4. Simulating echo chamber and polarizations problems in social media -- 5. Agent-based interpretation of the Zaller Model -- 6. Application 1: Resolving the conflicting observation of echo chambers in social media -- 7. Application 2: Evaluating the influence of Facebook pages to individual user's vaccination opinion -- 8. Conclusion.

Michael Kalecki's classic article 'Political Aspects of Full Employment', published in The Political Quarterly in 1943, suggested a possible ambivalence of business interests in capitalist economies to the maintenance of full employment. Within Kalecki's work are the germs of ideas about the long-run interrelationship between economic policy and political and social change. (CP)

In the conditions of the contemporary risk society the alternate nature and the variety of risks issue a serious challenge to the world community, which requires an urgent solution.Today the principle of sustainable development takes an increasing significance in the policies of all countries. The concept of sustainable development is based upon the balance between financial, social and ecological resources of our planet. Successful management of all these resources would ensure the sustainability.Achievement of the goals of sustainable development, in its turn, requires conjoint actions of governments, local authorities, businesses and each individual.This article is aimed at the analysis of actions taken by world-wide organisations, governments, and local authorities to provide sustainable development, including legislative, institutional, regulatory and public efforts exerted at all levels in the sphere of identification, assessment and management of environmental risks under the conditions of risk society. The volume of the article unfortunately dose not allow covering of all aspects related to this issue, as well as setting up a thorough discourse in this matter. Therefore, the article provides a brief analysis of theoretical base of the concept of the risk society and the idea of sustainable development and reviews legal, institutional, and regulatory instruments applied for identification, assessment and management of environmental risks applied both globally and in Latvia. It also stresses the significance of rising environmental risk awareness and promotion of readiness for ecological conduct, as it would facilitate meeting the goals of sustainable development by more active participation of population in the activities targeted at the environment protection in general, and preservation and restoration of the natural resources. The article also describes the current level of public awareness of environmental problems in Latvia, as well as the problems the Latvian residents consider to be of highest priority ...

In this text author William Ming Liu presents theory and research on the impact of classism and social class on mental health. He provides an original framework-the Social Class Worldview Model-for exploring each person's individual and subjective life experiences. These experiences form a perspective that is unique to the individual. The author then helps the reader integrate this realization into the study of poverty, economic inequality, wealth, and the often overlooked implications of greed, materialism, and consumerism for a more complete understanding of social class and classism. Liu's