Suchergebnisse

In the last decade the European integration process was the main focuses of the European Union, as its completion could bring a huge step toward a fully integrated European Union. As the banking sector is the main channel for funding of the European economy, it has become now more clearly than ever that is integration is of the up more essence. The aim of this paper is to quantify the progresses registered by the main European Union's economies in the process of banking integration, as their example is generally followed by the other member states. First we underline the necessity of the European integration and the progress made using an extended literature review doublet by an analysis of the main indicators for the banking systems of these countries. We also present, in a non-exhaustive way, the main trends that have characterised the banking sectors of these countries in the last decade: diversification, vertical product differential and consolidation underlying their impact on the sectors architecture.

The annual report of the Universal Postal Union for 1949 was submitted to the eleventh session of the Economic and Social Council in accordance with Article V of the agreement between the United Nations and UPU. The Union reported the retirement, effective January 1, 1950, of Dr. Alois Muri as Director of the International Bureau and the subsequent appointment of Fritz Hess, Director-General of the Swiss Posts, as Dr. Muri's successor. The Union further reported that during 1949, 67 postal administrations, nineteen fewer than in 1948, had settled their transit charge accounts through the general clearing account; the annual general account for reply coupons involved a sum total of 505,159 gold francs as some 12,000,000 coupons were supplied by the International Bureau to various postal administrations; 653,744 postal identity cards were also made available to member administrations. During the year, the International Bureau received no communications regarding arbitral awards given or to be given under Article 12 of the Paris Convention of 1947, although various other disputes as well as non-litigious questions were communicated to the Bureau. Japan, CeyIon, Burma, and Israel notified the Bureau during the year of their accessions to the 1947 convention; various other ratifications and accessions with reference to supplementary protocols and agreements were also communicated to the Bureau in 1949.

The Presidency of the Council of the EU can be conceived as the one of tools implementing common policy of the EU. Member states try to profit this position meeting the issues relevant for their own country or region. Evolving economic, political and cultural relations in the Baltic Sea region may reveal a number of priorities of neighboring countries in shaping the agenda of the Council of the EU. In this research the Baltic Sea region means Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Lithuania. Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark) and Lithuania have quite different social and economic development models, and this may cause that their regional ties may not be as strong as the relationship with other EU countries. This can affect the attitude of the country in presidency of the EU. This investigation aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis that the Baltic Sea region states chairing the EU Council at the central room put the same and one of the most important regional issues. It is analyzing the most recent presidencies of the Baltic Sea region states (Finland in 2006, Sweden in 2009, Denmark is chairing currently, 2012, and Lithuania will hold presidency in the second half of 2013). Particular policy areas are chosen, precisely energy, environment and transport, as the main problems leading to regional cooperation. Based on these policies the aim is to find the link between the presidency priorities and regionalism and to describe the commonalities and differences of it.

The Presidency of the Council of the EU can be conceived as the one of tools implementing common policy of the EU. Member states try to profit this position meeting the issues relevant for their own country or region. Evolving economic, political and cultural relations in the Baltic Sea region may reveal a number of priorities of neighboring countries in shaping the agenda of the Council of the EU. In this research the Baltic Sea region means Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Lithuania. Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark) and Lithuania have quite different social and economic development models, and this may cause that their regional ties may not be as strong as the relationship with other EU countries. This can affect the attitude of the country in presidency of the EU. This investigation aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis that the Baltic Sea region states chairing the EU Council at the central room put the same and one of the most important regional issues. It is analyzing the most recent presidencies of the Baltic Sea region states (Finland in 2006, Sweden in 2009, Denmark is chairing currently, 2012, and Lithuania will hold presidency in the second half of 2013). Particular policy areas are chosen, precisely energy, environment and transport, as the main problems leading to regional cooperation. Based on these policies the aim is to find the link between the presidency priorities and regionalism and to describe the commonalities and differences of it.

The Presidency of the Council of the EU can be conceived as the one of tools implementing common policy of the EU. Member states try to profit this position meeting the issues relevant for their own country or region. Evolving economic, political and cultural relations in the Baltic Sea region may reveal a number of priorities of neighboring countries in shaping the agenda of the Council of the EU. In this research the Baltic Sea region means Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Lithuania. Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark) and Lithuania have quite different social and economic development models, and this may cause that their regional ties may not be as strong as the relationship with other EU countries. This can affect the attitude of the country in presidency of the EU. This investigation aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis that the Baltic Sea region states chairing the EU Council at the central room put the same and one of the most important regional issues. It is analyzing the most recent presidencies of the Baltic Sea region states (Finland in 2006, Sweden in 2009, Denmark is chairing currently, 2012, and Lithuania will hold presidency in the second half of 2013). Particular policy areas are chosen, precisely energy, environment and transport, as the main problems leading to regional cooperation. Based on these policies the aim is to find the link between the presidency priorities and regionalism and to describe the commonalities and differences of it.

"This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of the EU in international security through five detailed case studies and in doing so fills a distinct gap in the scholarship on European security and policy-making. Significantly, it offers a broadened conceptualization of the EU as an international security actor, including JHA policy. Furthermore, case studies which explore, amongst other things, EU responses to piracy off the coast of Somalia, climate change and terrorism offers a fresh insight into EU policy on contemporary security challenges. As such, this book constitutes an important and original input in the debate on European security after the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and is a must-read for students and scholars of EU Politics, Security Studies and International Relations"--

This article examines why and how China upgraded its engagement with the European Union (EU) in the years between 2001 and 2004, with reference to pre-existing foreign policy traditions and practices in reform-era China. It argues that most of the observed changes can be explained with reference to two dynamics. First, the changing international environment, mostly with regard to the roles of the United States and the EU, challenged the established approach to foreign policy inherited from Deng Xiaoping, China's pre-eminent leadership figure from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s. In this sense, the shift towards the EU was part of wider efforts to solve this dilemma. Second, differences in how various groups in the Chinese foreign policy establishment understood and implemented Deng's guidelines and their respective influence in policy-making can help to grasp some of the more specific developments in Chinese policy towards the EU in the early 2000s. To supplement this main claim, the article also critically evaluates the changes less well explained by these two dynamics and proposes additional explanations.

Improving national competitiveness is fundamental to raising long-term economic growth rates and enhancing living standards. The determinants of competitiveness change along with macroeconomic factors, business environment and consumer demand. These changes are visible in the growing importance of digitalization of enterprises of all sectors that has become a critical factor for competitiveness in recent years and will likely become even more essential. The main determinants of competitiveness performance in the European Union (EU) were analyzed in the proposed research. The study included a holistic approach to competitiveness and economic growth and aimed to reveal the factors that determine and contribute to the growth of European economies, as well as to identify clusters of the EU countries. The criteria of competitiveness that are significant for estimation of competitiveness factors and their relationship with economic growth were revealed by using factor analysis. The results indicate that the most significant factors are F1 Macroeconomic Stability, F2 Research and Development (R& ; D) and Digitalization, F3 Foreign Direct Investment and F4 Trade Openness. By applying cluster analysis, the EU countries were grouped into five clusters on the basis of the contribution of competitiveness factors to economic growth.

Раздел "Международные экономические отношения" ; Статья посвящена изучению развития Европейского союза как модели международной экономической интеграции, определению особенностей построения и оценке возможностей использования его опыта на постсоветском пространстве, что крайне актуально в условиях углубления евразийской интеграции, а также на фоне кризисных явлений в Евросоюзе в настоящее время. Проведен анализ динамики основных экономических показателей стран и регионов Европейского союза за последние 13 лет (до и после вхождения в ЕС), что позволило обосновать взаимовлияние и взаимозависимость участников объединения, включенных в единый организм — европейскую интеграцию. Проведенный анализ выявил характерные особенности построения интеграции, которые способствовали успеху Евросоюза на мировой арене, а также ряд ключевых проблем Европейского союза на данном этапе, на основании которых была проведена аналогия с развитием евразийской интеграции. Доказано, что для ЕАЭС возможно лишь частичное использование европейского опыта из-за ряда внутренних и внешних факторов. В то же время необходимо учитывать положительные аспекты и уроки ЕС в процессе дальнейшего формирования Евразийского экономического союза. = This article is dedicated to the analysis of the EU development as a model of international economic integration, to indicating the key distinctive features of its formation and to the assessment of the possibility to use its experience by post-soviet countries. This topic is becoming one of current interest in the conditions of further development of Eurasian integration — EAEU, and against the background of the present European crisis. To achieve the goal a thorough analysis has been carried out to study the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the EU member countries and regions over the last 13 years before and after the EU accession, which allowed to substantiate the mutual influence and interdependence of the EU members included in a single organism — European integration. The analysis performed identified the main characteristics of integration building, which contributed to the success of the European Union in the world arena, as well as a number of key problems that are currently experienced by the EU. Based on them, it helped to draw an analogy with the development of Eurasian integration. Thus, it was proved that EAEU can use the European experience only partially due to a number of internal and external factors. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the positive aspects and experience of the EU in further formation of the Eurasian Economic Union.