Suchergebnisse

[FR] L'application, dans le traite vitruvien, de la notion d'auctoritas aux grandes réalisations de 1'architecture publique participe sans doute des formules nouvelles de l'idéologie du principat. Elle ne constitue cependant qu'un des aspects du traitement par Vitruve de cette notion, apte a accroitre le prestige de l'art architectural, ouverte sur les réalités contemporaines, mais ancrée surtout dans des valeurs, culturelles, morales, de vieille tradition romaine, trouvant dans l'écrit leur expression nécessaire et sublimante. ; [EN] The application in the De Architectura of the concept of auctoritas to the great achievements of public architecture is certainly in touch with the new ideological expression of the principate. It composes however one aspect only of the treatment by Vitruvius of his notion, useful for increasing the prestige of architectural art, connected with the contemporary political and social realities, but, above all, rooted in the cultural and moral valúes of the oíd román tradition and finding in writing its necessary and sublimated expression.

It is widely recognized that the analysis of economic growth in Henry George's Progress and Poverty was considerably influenced by the British classical tradition, especially the writings of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. What has been less clearly perceived is that George made significant extensions to the classical theory. This paper's aim is to provide an interpretation, and to some extent a "rational reconstruction," of George's positive analysis, largely leaving aside the striking normative lessons he drew from it. George's unsatisfactory treatment of capital is disposed of in Section I, while Section II—the core of the paper—follows George's lead in aggregating capital and labor into a single productive factor which is employed in a given natural environment. Section III adds the complication of improvement in the arts of production, and Section IV deals briefly with George's views on land speculation. Section V assesses, comparing George with his contemporary Alfred Marshall.

This paper argues that Aristotle's rhetoric is a valuable source for contemporary theorists of the public sphere. Thus far, these scholars have failed to recognize that Aristotle's discussion of the art of rhetoric contains important elements of both rational/deliberative & agonistic models of the public sphere. Aristotle recognizes that persuasive political speech is reasonable, passionate, & reflective of the character of the speaker. After presenting a reconstruction of Aristotle's arguments concerning (1) the content of persuasive public speech & (2) its role in political deliberation, I discuss areas of agreement & disagreement between Aristotle & the two most influential representatives of rational/deliberative & agonistic models of' the public sphere: Jurgen Habermas & Hannah Arendt. The paper's conclusion refers to the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s use of rhetorical speech in order to illustrate the advantages of Aristotelian persuasion over rational/deliberative & agonistic forms of public speech. 56 References. Adapted from the source document.

NATIONALISM HAS STRONG APPEAL BECAUSE IT IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONAL IDENTITY, SELF-ESTEEM, FUNDAMENTAL MORAL PRINCIPLES, VALUED SOCIAL PRACTICES, AND BOTH POPULAR AND FINE ARTS. NATIONALISM ALSO APPEALS BECAUSE THE SUPPRESSION OF NATIONAL ASPIRATIONS IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY GROSS HUMAN-RIGHTS VIOLATIONS. HOWEVER, NATIONALISM IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE IT CAN BE BOTH OPPRESSIVE AND EXCLUSIONAY. UNDER CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS, NATIONAL CULTURES AND IDENTITIES ARE COMPLEX AND COMMONLY SUBJECT TO CONTESTATION. INDIVIDUALS TYPICALLY HAVE MULTIPLE IDENTITIES RELATING TO FAMILY, FRIENDS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, RELIGION, OCCUPATION, NATION, STATE, AND POLITICAL COMMITMENTS. NATIONS ARE NOT ENTITIES WITH DEFINITE BOUNDARIES AND INHERENT VALUE. NOR ARE THEY PERSONS WITH HUMAN RIGHTS. THEY ARE HISTORICALLY CONTINGENT SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ENORMOUS POTENTIAL FOR BOTH GOOD AND EVIL. RECOGNITION OF THE RIGHT TO NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION IS SOMETIMES MORALLY APPROPRIATE, BUT IT REQUIRES, MORE THAN MOST POLITICAL DECISIONS, A CLEAR HEAD AND A STEADY MORAL NERVE.

Journey to Armenia, Osip Mandel'shtam's most autobiographically engaged masterpiece of the 1930s is no ordinary journey.2 Written in Moscow during the summer of 1931, a year after his six-month sojourn in Armenia and Georgia, this contemplative journey adheres to an "itinerary" shaped by the path Mandel'shtam followed both in his quest for truth—"that truth which helps us to form a better sense of ourselves in tradition"—and in his search for a method to articulate that truth—a "method of creative cognition, a suitable means of gaining a sense of life." His "method of creative cognition" mediates between the poet's contemplation of contemporary reality and his meditation on the mystery of creation, or the creative impulse, whose origins he seeks in the deepest structures of language and legend, whose eternal principles he ponders in the organic phenomena of nature, and whose multiplicity of expression he experiences in the art, architecture, and archaeology of Armenia.

For too long, indeed throughout the period since its Independence, India's relations with Latin America have been rather remote politically and economically as well as culturally. That there are large Indian communities in the Caribbean has not had any significant influence over India's policy. Although a good many countries of Latin America are enthusiastic about contemporary Indian developments, both domestic and international, as well as about India's art, culture, and philosophy, India's interest in Latin America still amounts to little more than curiosity. Political relations between India and the countries of Latin America have never reached a stage where serious and sustained discussions or careful diplomacy would have been necessary to ensure their friendliness. Occasionally some diplomats and business men have undoubtedly emphasized the complementary nature of India and a number of countries in Latin America, but India's economic interests in and trade ties with those countries have been woefully limited.

The paper analyses how the changes of the welfare state meets the transformation of the higher education policy in the cultural perspective. Culture plays an important role in building the concept and practice of the Western welfare state institution, also the knowledge institutions. The idea of the contemporary university is suitable to the welfare expectations. On the one hand, the universities are expected to provide mass education and minimize the differences between social strata's. On the other, after 50 years of the welfare regime in Western Europe, the state of the art universities and departments did not expand their accessibility to the students from lower social classes. What is more, in some cases, the access to is more difficult than before. The next part of the paper includes analyses of the Polish exception of the welfare state, based on the concept of the "post-grange culture" and its application to the higher education policy.

Unparalleled Ur growth is pre-empting a million acres of Ru lands each yr & transforming these into contemporary urbanism. In that anarchy which constitutes Ur growth, wherein the major prevailing values are short-term econ determinism, the image of nature is attributed little or no value. In existing cities, the instincts of 18th & 19th cent city builders, reflected in the pattern of existing Ur open space, have been superseded by a modern process which disdains nature & seems motivated by a belief in salvation through stone alone. Yet there is a need & place for nature in the city of man. An understanding of natural processes should be reflected in the attribution of value to the constituents of these natural processes. Such an understanding, reflected in city building, will provide a major structure for Ur & metropolitan form, an environment capable of supporting physiological man, & the basis for an art of city building which sill enhance life & reflect meaning, order, & purpose. AA.

The political thought of Muslim societies is all too often defined in religious terms, in which the writings of clerics are seen as representative and ideas about governance are treated as an extension of commentary on sacred texts. Disenchanting the Caliphate offers a groundbreaking new account of political discourse in Islamic history by examining Abbasid imperial practice, illuminating the emergence and influence of a vibrant secular tradition.Closely reading key eighth-century texts, Hayrettin Yücesoy argues that the ulema's discourse of religious governance and the political thought of lay intellectuals diverged during this foundational period, with enduring consequences. He traces how notions of good governance and reflections on prudent statecraft arose among cosmopolitan literati who envisioned governing as an art. Competent in nonreligious branches of knowledge and trained in administrative professions, these belletrists articulated and defended secular political practices, reimagining the caliphal realm as politically constituted rather than natural. They sought to improve administrative efficiency and bolster state control for an empire made up of diverse cultures. Their ideas about moral cultivation, temporal reasoning, and governmental rationality endured for centuries as a counterpoint to religious rulership. Drawing on this history, Yücesoy critiques the concept of "Islamic political thought," calling for decolonizing debates about "secular" and "religious" politics.Theoretically rich and historically grounded, Disenchanting the Caliphate is an insightful and provocative reconsideration of key strands of political discourse in the intellectual history of Muslim societies

"This volume examines the role of the broad variety of international exhibitions between 1851 to 1958 in two programmatic essays and twelve case studies, covering not just France and the United States, but also, among others, Sweden, Romania, Colombia, Japan and the nascent European Community. World fairs were global platforms for the construction of national identities. The mix of national self-profiling and commercial exoticism turned the nation into a "brand", while reframing the nation-state from its nineteenth-century positioning amidst neighbouring enemies towards being a competitor in a global, consumer-oriented trade and entertainment economy. By presenting national identities in "banal" form as feelgood factors, world fairs helped the nation to maintain its grassroots appeal across the century of totalitarianism and internationalism. Contributors are: Joep Leerssen, Eric Storm, Florian Gross, Anthony Swift, Cosmin Minea, Claire Hendren, Taka Oshikiri, Robert W. Rydell, Sven Schuster, Miriam Oesterreich, Bartosz Dziewanowski-Stefańczyk, Christina Romlid, Jonathan Voges, and Anastasia Remes. Joep Leerssen is Professor of Modern European Literature at the University of Amsterdam. Among his recent publications are "National Thought in Europe: A Cultural History" (2018) and the "Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe" (2018). Eric Storm is Senior Lecturer of European History at Leiden University. He is author of "The Culture of Regionalism: Art, Architecture and International Exhibitions" (2010) and co-editor of "Writing the History of Nationalism" (2019)"--

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Gem of Central Asia -- 1.1.1 Contributions to Science -- 1.2 Central Asia and Uzbekistan in the Works of Ancient Authors -- 1.3 Location -- 1.4 Nature -- 1.4.1 Climate -- 1.4.2 Temperature -- 1.4.3 Solar Radiation -- 1.4.4 Precipitation -- 1.4.5 Climate Change -- 1.4.6 Flora and Fauna -- 1.4.7 Flora -- 1.4.8 Fauna -- 1.5 History -- 1.6 The Revival of the Great Silk Route -- 1.7 Common Resources, History, and Future -- References -- 2: Historical Geography -- 2.1 State Building -- 2.1.1 Ancient History -- 2.1.2 Medieval Development -- 2.1.3 Colonization -- 2.1.4 The Soviet Period -- 2.1.5 Independence -- 2.2 Governance -- 2.2.1 Government -- 2.2.2 The Electoral System -- 2.2.3 After Karimov -- 2.3 Cultural Geography -- 2.3.1 Historical Roots -- 2.3.2 Cultural Life -- 2.3.3 Religion -- 2.3.4 Gender Issues -- 2.3.5 Education -- 2.3.6 Music -- 2.3.7 Theater -- 2.3.8 Literature -- 2.3.9 Newspapers and Magazines -- 2.4 Architecture -- 2.4.1 Ancient Monuments -- 2.4.2 Modern Architecture -- 2.5 Food -- 2.5.1 Bread Is Sacred -- 2.5.2 The Tea Ceremony -- 2.5.3 Uzbek Cuisine -- 2.5.4 Fruit and Vegetables -- 2.6 Clothing -- 2.7 Traditions and Rituals -- 2.7.1 Weddings -- 2.7.2 The Birth of a Child -- 2.7.3 Consecration of the Mother -- 2.8 Holidays -- 2.8.1 New Year -- 2.8.2 Navruz -- 2.8.3 Religious Holidays -- 2.9 Arts and Crafts -- 2.9.1 Cold Steel from Fergana -- 2.9.2 Gold Embroidery -- 2.9.3 Carpet Weaving -- 2.9.4 Embroidery -- 2.9.5 Ceramics -- 2.9.6 Silk Fabrics -- 2.9.7 Copper Embossing -- 2.9.8 Wood Carving -- References -- 3: Geography of Resources -- 3.1 Global Geological Processes and Geology of Uzbekistan -- 3.1.1 Geological Evolution of Asia -- 3.1.2 Geological Evolution of Uzbekistan.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Multinationals Threads: A History of Global Singer -- Basting the Market at Home and Abroad: From Embroiderers' Techniques to the Management of Domesticity -- A World to Straighten Up, 1880s to the early twentieth century -- A Pattern for Global Business, 1905-1951: Singer's Business Model Throughout the Twentieth Century -- Conclusions -- 2 Singer in Spain and Mexico: A History of Collective Entrepreneurship -- The First Thirty Years of Singer in Non-industrialized Nations: Gerentes, Encargados, and Agentes -- American Business in Spain and Mexico: The American Dream or the Dream to Be Modern -- Singer at War in Spain and Mexico -- Conclusions -- 3 The Consumer as Marketing Expert: Sewing, Embroidery, and Singer Global Marketing -- The Materiality and Immateriality of Domesticity: Ornamental Sewing and Embroidery -- A Century of International Exhibits and Artistic Embroidery -- The Art/Embroidery Department: A Global, Local, and (In)visible Organization Structure -- The Educational Department: Singer and Home Sewing in the Twentieth Century -- Conclusions -- 4 Female Economies in the Era of Global Capitalism: Credit and Entrepreneurship in Sewing and Embroidery -- Singer Sewing Machines as Private Credit in Nineteenth-Century Spain and Mexico -- Women's Work Versus Women's Entrepreneurship in Twentieth-Century Spain and Mexico -- Professionalization of Dressmaking in Spain and Mexico: Local Developments of Global Threads -- Professionalism in the Home: The modista en casa -- Conclusions -- Conclusion: Towards a Gendered History of International Business -- Index.

This book examines the history of concert dance in China from 1935 to 2015, with a focus on Chinese dance and its relationship to revolutionary performance culture in PRC history. The book argues that Chinese dance, not revolutionary ballet, was the primary legacy of Maoist dance research and innovation. Showing the relationship between dance and politics, it discusses dance developments during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese Civil War, the Korean War, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, the post-Mao era, and the period of One Belt One Road. The book emphasizes transnational exchange and highlights the contributions of immigrant and ethnic minority women, such as Chinese Trinidadian dancer Dai Ailian, Korean dancer Choe Seung-hui, Uyghur dancer Qemberxanim, Bai dancer Yang Liping, and Uyghur dancer Gulmira Mamat. It discusses the history of dance schools and companies such as the Beijing Dance Academy, the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theater, the Central Nationalities Song and Dance Ensemble, and the Xinjiang Arts Institute. Dance film is an important subject of analysis. Aesthetic experimentation is another key theme. Dance styles examined include Chinese classical dance, Chinese national folk dance (including ethnic minority dance and Han folk dance), Chinese military dance, New Dance, New Yangge, national dance drama, Dunhuang dance, peacock dance, and ballet. The book argues that kinesthetic nationalism, ethnic and spatial inclusivity, and dynamic inheritance are lasting features of Chinese dance.

"The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage came into force in 2006, framing the international and national practices and policies associated with intangible cultural heritage. This volume critically and reflexively examines these practices and policies, providing an accessible account of the different ways in which intangible cultural heritage has been defined and managed in both national and international contexts. AsSafeguarding Intangible Heritagereveals, the concept and practices of safeguarding are complicated and often contested, and there is a need for international debate about the meaning, nature and value of heritage and what it means to safeguard it. Safeguarding Intangible Heritage presents a significant cross section of ideas and practices from some of the key academics and practitioners working in the area, whose areas of expertise span anthropology, law, heritage studies, linguistics, archaeology, museum studies, folklore, architecture, Indigenous studies and history. The chapters in this volume give an overarching analysis of international policy and practice and critically frame case studies that analyze practices from a range of countries,including Australia, Canada, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, New Zealand, Taiwan, the UK and Zimbabwe.With a focus on conceptual and theoretical issues, this follow-up to Intangible Heritage, by the same editors, will be of great interest to students, scholars and professionals working in the fields of heritage and museum studies, heritage conservation, heritage tourism, global history, international relations, art and architectural history, and linguists."--