Suchergebnisse

Six Remaining Covered Bridge Belts -- Introduction -- Covered Bridge Belt in North China -- Covered Bridge Belt in Northwest China -- Covered Bridge Belt in Southwest China -- Covered Bridge Belt in South Central China -- Covered Bridge Belt in Southeast China -- Covered Bridges in Jiangnan.-Covered Bridges in Other Areas -- Appendix Comparison Table of Chinese and English -- Vocabulary -- Postscript.

Each book in the Frameworks series is heavily illustrated in full color and includes detailed line art to illustrate complex scientific and mathematical concepts and principles. Engaging text and real-world case studies demonstrate the application of such concepts as mass, force, speed, and energy. Sidebar boxes highlight biographies, important dates, discoveries, key places and structures, as well as important concepts. Feature spreads illustrate key events, structures, and case studies. Written by authoritative authors, each book includes an extensive glossary and a "Find Out More" section of print and Internet resources. In addition to serving the middle school science curriculum, this series will also appeal to high school students who want extra focus on architecture, as well as younger readers who want to advance in their science studies. Because they present real-world examples, the books are also ideal for adult education science courses. - Publisher

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record ; Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems use the bridge response under a traversing vehicle to estimate its axle weights. The information obtained from B-WIM systems has been used for a wide range of applications such as pre-selection for weight enforcement, traffic management/planning and for bridge and pavement design. However, it is less often used for bridge condition assessment purposes which is the main focus of this study. This paper presents a bridge damage detection concept using information provided by B-WIM systems. However, conventional B-WIM systems use strain measurements which are not sensitive to local damage. In this paper the authors present a B-WIM formulation that uses rotation measurements obtained at the bridge supports. There is a linear relationship between support rotation and axle weight and, unlike strain, rotation is sensitive to damage anywhere in the bridge. Initially, the sensitivity of rotation to damage is investigated using a hypothetical simply supported bridge model. Having seen that rotation is damage-sensitive, the influence of bridge damage on weight predictions is analysed. It is shown that if damage occurs, a rotation-based B-WIM system will continuously overestimate the weight of traversing vehicles. Finally, the statistical repeatability of ambient traffic is studied using real traffic data obtained from a Weigh-in-Motion site in the U.S. under the Federal Highway Administration's Long-Term Pavement Performance programme and a damage indicator is proposed as the change in the mean weights of ambient traffic data. To test the robustness of the proposed damage detection methodology numerical analysis are carried out on a simply supported bridge model and results are presented within the scope of this study. ; European Union's Horizon 2020

Rather than continuing to pursue entry to the European Union (EU), Poland has both the potential & the need to become what it terms a "bridge" between what Weaver has identified as the Brussels & Moscow cores of Europe. Some geographical concepts concerning states, & the role that the Congress Kingdom of Poland played in the economic development of Europe during the 19th century are reviewed, & alternative approaches that the country might adopt in response to its postsocialist geographical situation are assessed. Attention is also drawn to the increasing problems posed by the continuing failure of the EU to admit Poland to membership. 1 Table, 2 Figures. Adapted from the source document.

This paper describes measurements of the moisture field of Charles Bridge in Prague. The measurements were scheduled to cover a one-year cycle, including the spring, summer, autumn and winter, in order to monitor the behaviour of the bridge structure over a period of one year.

Abstract
We study the transitions from career to gradual and permanent retirement by a sample of (Continental) European males aged 55 to 70 in the late 2000s. We find that only 14.6% of the workers in this sample moved from a career to a bridge job by the time of the interview, much less than in the United States, where this share is estimated at close to 60%. We use the cross country and time variation in employment protection legislation and minimum retirement age to study whether recent changes in these labour market institutions have had any effect on the transitions out of career jobs. We find that policies that have increased minimum retirement age and reduced the strictness of employment protection legislation have raised the hazard into gradual retirement in Northern and Central European countries and the permanence in career jobs in Mediterranean countries.

JEL codes

J26, J11, J21

"This report was prepared under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) and Western Illinois University and the University of Wisconsin." ; "September 1996." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Publication typology: Advocacy tool.
Responsibility: Bridge 47.
Author(s): Bridge 4.7 (with contributions of the participants of the Envision 4.7 Event, Helsinki, 6–7 November 2019).
Language: English.
Publication date: November 2019.
Pages: 4.
Acess: https://www.bridge47.org/node/241

Within both aesthetic and history fields, civil engineering occupies a privileged place among arts whose manifestations are based on drawing. In this work, Leonardo's creativity concerned with civil bridges proyects, have been studied. Leonardo designed ten bridges: eight of them intended for military porposes and only two were purely planned for civil functionaly - "Ponte sul corno d'oro", infolio 66, manuscript L; and "Ponte a due piani", represented in the Manuscript B at the Institute of France, infolio 23. There can be no doubt about Leonardo's intentions when he started on designing these two bridges: his genious for creativy focused on providing both singulary and functionaly to the structures: they should be admired and utilized at the same time, a monument for civil society to be used.The work presented here attemps to make an scientist-historical trip along these Leonardo's bridges, highlighting their technical, geometrical and aesthetic characteristics, as well as emphasizing Leonardo's human, scientist and artistic nature.