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CO2 emissions from energy consumption in Germany fell by nearly 1% in 2004 from the previous year to a good 834 million tonnes. However, taking into account temperature effects and the reduction in stocks of light heating oil in 2004, which was considerable but is not reflected in the statistics, emissions remained practically unchanged. So the tendency to only a moderate reduction in emissions, that has been apparent for some years now, continued. Nevertheless, Germany is still one of the few industrial countries where CO2 emissions are now lower than at the start of the 1990s.2 Energyinduced CO2 emissions have been reduced by nearly 16% since the (internationally agreed) base year 1990. But as the reduction has been only slight since the mid-1990s the Federal Government's former national reduction target of lowering CO2 emissions by one quarter from the 1990 level by 2005 has now been abandoned. However, the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions so that within the period 2008 to 2012 they will be 21% lower as a whole than in the base year 1990 or 1995 has been made binding in international law.3 This results from the European 'burden sharing' to achieve the targets in the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, which became binding in international law on 16 February 2005. Greenhouse gas emissions in Germany were reduced by 18.5% - actually around 19% after temperature adjustment - by 2003 from the base year, mainly due to a greater reduction in methane emissions compared with CO2. However, total greenhouse gas emissions have scarcely altered since the end-1990s, so unless the climate protection measures are continued with persistence there is a risk of failing to meet the target for 2008/2012 as well. So there is still considerable need for action. Emissions trading could make a crucial contribution, if appropriate limits for emissions are made binding.

This article discusses public acceptance of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Responses by citizens are described in relation to responses by professionally involved actors. Interviews with members of the government, industry and environmental NGOs showed that these professional actors are interested in starting up storage projects, based on thorough evaluation processes, including discussions on multi-actor working groups. As appeared from a survey among citizens living near a potential storage site (N=103), public attitudes in general were slightly positive, but attitudes towards storage nearby were slightly negative. The general public appeared to have little knowledge about CO2-storage, and have little desire for more information. Under these circumstances, trust in the professional actors is particularly important. NGOs were found to be trusted most, and industry least by the general public. Trust in each of the three actors appeared to depend on perceived competence and intentions, which in turn were found to be related to perceived similarity of goals and thinking between trustee and trustor. Implications for communication about CCS are discussed.

1268 1278 59 15-16 ; S Behrens M, Studt F, Kasatkin I, Kühl S, Hävecker M, Abild-Pedersen F, Zander S, Girgsdies F, Kurr P, Kniep B-L, Tovar M, Fischer RW, Nørskov JK, Schlögl R (2012) The active site of methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 industrial catalysts. Science 336:893–897 ; [EN] Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is considered as a viable strategy to generate fuels while closing the carbon cycle (heavily disrupted by the abuse in the exploitation of fossil resources) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The process can be performed by heat-powered catalytic processes, albeit conversion and selectivity tend to be reduced at increasing temperatures owing to thermodynamic constraints. Recent investigations, as summarised in this overview, have proven that light activation is a distinct possibility for the promotion of CO2 hydrogenation to fuels. This effect is particularly beneficial in methanation processes, which can be enhanced under simulated solar irradiation using materials based on metallic nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nickel, ruthenium and rhodium has led to substantial efficiencies. Light-promoted processes entail performances on a par with (or even superior to) those of thermally-induced, industrially-relevant, commercial technologies. The author thanks the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO) for financial support via a project for young researchers (CTQ2015-74138-JIN), and the ''Severo Ochoa'' programme (SEV 2012-0267). The European Union is also acknowledged for the SynCatMatch project (ERCAdG-2014-671093) Puga Vaca, A. (2016). Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview. Topics in Catalysis. 59(15-16):1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0658-z Centi G, Perathoner S (2009) Opportunities and prospects in the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels. Catal Today 148:191–205 Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Angelini A (2014) Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological ...

Absorption-Based Post-Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the use of absorbents for post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide. As fossil fuel-based power generation technologies are likely to remain key in the future, at least in the short- and medium-term, carbon capture and storage will be a critical greenhouse gas reduction technique. Post-combustion capture involves the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases after fuel combustion, meaning that carbon dioxide can then be compressed and cooled to form a safely transportable liquid that can be stored underground.Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of the amine-based methods for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases and related processesEditors and contributors are well known experts in the fieldPresents the first book on this specific topic

CO2 bioeconomy: Creating value from carbon dioxide
Is the CO2 bioeconomy creating value from carbon dioxide? Dr Kang Lan Tee and Professor Tuck Seng Wong both explain. Carbon dioxide is frequently portrayed as the villain of climate change. A 50% carbon dioxide content increase in less than 200 years (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) is a stark reminder of its role in global warming. Scientists have also linked the rise of carbon dioxide with the greenhouse effect in the past 66 million years (Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences). Beyond scientific reports, we have experienced the heat-dome scorching our summer and witnessed record temperatures in the UK, with the highest temperature recorded at 40.3°C on 19 July 2022. Is carbon dioxide to blame for climate change?

The book provides theoretical and practical guidelines to use and enhance the potential of forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel resources. To understand the interactions linked with such concepts, the book addresses the following topics: forest dynamics and carbon budget; deforestation and afforestation; emerging programs for sustainable development; timber as substitute for high energy materials and fossil fuels; forest responses to climate change and socioeconomic pressures; policy aspects. Apart from the production of timber, forests fulfill numerous additional ecological and social functions. This book has a strong interdisciplinary focus and integrates global aspects with regional and national studies