Suchergebnisse

Intro -- The Authors -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface to the Second Edition -- General Introduction -- Chapter 1. A Short Outline of Swiss Constitutional History -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Background Before the Creation of the Confederation (1291-1847) -- 3. Switzerland as a Federal State -- I. The Creation of the First Federal State in Europe: The Federal Constitution of 1848 -- II. One Army, One Market, One Law: The Federal Constitution of 1874 -- III. A New Design: The Federal Constitution of 1999 and the Subsequent Reform Steps -- Chapter 2. The Pillars of the Swiss Constitution -- 1. The Classic Pillars of the Constitution and the Emergence of Further Structural Principles -- 2. Semi-direct Democracy (Referendum Democracy) -- 3. Federalism and Federal State -- 4. Freedom and the Rechtsstaat -- 5. Welfare State (Social Justice) -- Chapter 3. State Territory -- 1. Overall Territory -- 2. Cantons -- 3. Municipalities -- 4. Districts -- 5. Regions -- 6. Capital -- Chapter 4. Population (Demographic Data) -- 1. Overall Population -- 2. Cantonal Populations -- 3. Languages -- 4. Religion -- 5. Cities -- 6. Unemployment -- 7. Foreigners -- Part I. Sources of Constitutional Law -- Chapter 1. Treaties -- 1. In General -- 2. Monistic System -- 3. The Relationship Between Treaties and National Law -- 4. Important Treaties -- Chapter 2. Constitution -- 1. Federal Constitution -- I. System -- II. Constitutional Amendments -- 2. Cantonal Constitutions -- Chapter 3. Legislation -- 1. Forms of Legislation -- 2. Law-Making Procedure -- Chapter 4. Case Law -- Chapter 5. Customary Law -- Chapter 6. Administrative Ordinances and Administrative Orders -- Chapter 7. Interpretation and Publication -- 1. Interpretation of Constitutional Provisions -- 2. Interpretation in Conformity with the Constitution -- 3. Publication.

Intro -- The Authors -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Note -- General Introduction -- Part I. Constitutional History, Sources of Constitutional Law, Codification and Interpretation -- Chapter 1. An Outline of Constitutional History -- 1. The Period of the Struggle for Independence (1821-1833): The First Greek Republic -- I. Local Constitutions -- II. The Constitution of Epidaurus of 1822 -- III. The Constitution of Astros (Law of Epidaurus) of 1823 -- IV. The 'Political Constitution of Greece' (1827, Constitution of Troizina) -- V. Kapodistrias' Authoritarian Regime -- VI. The 'Hegemonic' Constitution of 1832 -- 2. The Period of Absolute Monarchy (1833-1843) -- 3. The Period of Constitutional Monarchy (1843-1862) and the Constitution of 1844 -- 4. The First Period of Parliamentary Monarchy (1862-1924) -- I. The Election of King George and the Constitution of 1864 -- II. The Revolt of 1909, the 'Revision' of the Constitution in 1911 and the 'National Schism' -- 5. The Second Republic (1924-1935) and the Constitution of 1927 -- 6. The First Period of Authoritarian Regimes (1935-1946) -- 7. The Second Period of Parliamentary Monarchy (1946-1967) and the Constitution of 1952 -- 8. The Second Period of Authoritarian Regimes (1967-1974) -- 9. The Third Republic (1974-present) -- I. The Constitution of 1975 -- II. The Constitutional Revision of 1986 -- III. The Revision of 2001 -- IV. The Revision of 2008 -- Chapter 2. Sources of Constitutional Law -- 1. The Constitution -- I. Hierarchy -- II. Revision of the Constitution -- 2. Constituent Acts of the Executive and Resolutions of Parliament Equivalent to the Constitution -- 3. Unwritten Law -- I. Constitutional Customs -- II. Conventions of the Constitution -- III. General Principles of Law -- 4. Statutes -- I. Legislative Procedure.

This article draws on the tradition of cosmopolitanism to offer a normative framework for the integration of democratic constitutional systems. The laterally conducted constitutional integration, which takes place outside formal institutional settings, remains under-theorized despite its transformative effect on constitutional law around the world. This article uses Kant's tripartite system of public law as presented in Perpetual Peace – ius civitatis (domestic political right), ius gentium (international political right), ius cosmopoliticum (cosmopolitan right) – to explain, defend and steer ongoing phenomena of constitutional integration. By contrast to other scholarly accounts, which associate a cosmopolitan view to top-down approaches to institutional reform at the international level or to universal moral demands, my account takes domestic constitutionalism as both starting and end points. In this sense, I defend a bottom-up version of cosmopolitanism. Cosmopolitanism from the ground-up preserves the primacy of the domestic jurisdictions: each domestic constitutional order retains the filter of its own discourse and structures as it integrates and internalizes the experiences of other constitutional orders. Cosmopolitanism helps to understand ongoing phenomena of constitutional integration because it rejects methodological nationalism in constitutional analysis. It also justifies these phenomena by showing that cross-jurisdictional integration is compatible with the constitutional democratic commitment to self-government.