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Transnational organized crime poses a serious threat to the international community. This volume, the product of a UN conference, discusses the dangers of transnational organized crime and identifies forms of regional, national and international co-operation for its prevention and control, including intelligence networks, preventive strategies, extradition treaties, criminalizing participation in criminal organizations and the elaboration of an international convention. The reduction and subsequent containment of transnational organized crime require governments not only to recognize the serio

ch. 1. Introduction -- ch. 2. Enter the one-percenters -- ch. 3. Evolution from clubs to gangs -- ch. 4. Outlaw motorcycle club : criminal organization continuum -- ch. 5. United States outlaw motorcycle gangs : Big 5, major independents, and others -- ch. 6. U.S.-based OMGs : criminals without borders -- ch. 7. The hells are no angels : organized crime, death, and mayhem in Canada -- ch. 8. Bikies Down Under-OMGs in Australia and New Zealand -- ch. 9. Back patch clubs in the United Kingdom -- ch. 10. Outlaw motorcycle gangs in Europe -- ch. 11. Conclusions.

This paper aims to reflect on the challenges faced by the harmonization of legal frameworks as a strategy to globally address transnational organized environmental crime, taking into consideration the difficulties experienced at a regional level, in the EU. The focus will be specifically on the harmonization of sanctions, due to the impact that this issue has on the application of UNTOC (United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime). With this aim, the implementation of Directive 2008/99/EC on the protection of the environment through criminal law is analysed to check the extent to which the harmonization of sanctions was reached five years after the due date for the transposition of the Directive. This paper also highlights that, beyond political will and European criminal competences, harmonization is a matter of legal culture, which renders the challenge even more complex.

Afghanistan has been demolished by more than three decades of the ongoing war since the war against the Soviet Union started in 1979. The Afghanistan-Pakistan region provides a geographically secure location and a space of opportunity for organized crime and terrorist groups. This paper aims at exploring the Taliban nexus with organized crime groups in Afghanistan and the region through Makarenko's crime-terror continuum theory. The method of this study is qualitative through the descriptive-analytical approach. The growing connection between insurgents and organized crime poses essential challenges to the region. Each group has developed both criminal and terrorist elements while not relinquishing its original organizing principle. Afghanistan is a war-torn country and weak governance, terrorism, narcotics, illegal mining, poor border control, and widespread corruption provide the perfect opportunity for convergence of the Taliban with organized criminal and insurgent groups in the region. The Taliban and organized crime groups are involved in kidnapping for ransom, drug trade, extortion, and exploitation of natural resources. The finding indicates that, although the objectives of the insurgent and organized crime organizations differ widely, these enabling variables are also suitable for organized crime organizations. The primary objective of organized crime is to gain profit, and the objective of the insurgent is to contest the state power and promote political change through violence. The economic sources are the primary main reason why the two organizations converge.

A forum essay challenges the traditional dichotomy between terrorism & criminal acts to argue that not all terrorists are motivated by ideological, political, religious, or ethnic goals. Attention is called to groups like the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia that profit from drug trafficking, & terrorist organizations like Hizballah, Hamas, & al-Qaeda that use organized criminals for such functions as fund-raising. Links between terrorist & criminal organizations are explored, along with connections between criminals & politicians, police, & the military in many less-developed & transitional societies. Emphasis is placed on the impact of these connections on the ability of terrorist organizations to obtain weapons & materials. The evolution of transnational criminal & terrorist organizations into global networks is discussed. John Kerry's claim that the war on terrorism is not a war at all but a matter of law enforcement suggests that emphasis on the military threat posed by al-Qaeda elevates an essentially criminal enterprise into something far greater & requires different strategies to combat. J. Lindroth

The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.

The abundance of fisheries resources in Indonesian waters has made Indonesia a target of crime in the field of fisheries, this has an impact on the welfare and prosperity of the Indonesian people, especially local fishermen, the government continues to push this fisheries crime to be recognized as a type of organized transnational crime. This study aims to find out and analyze how Fisheries Crime Arrangements and the Determination of Fisheries Crime Jurisdictions are based on the provisions of organized transnational crime conventions. The research method used in this research is Normative Law Research with a legal approach, conceptual approach. And use the theory of determining the location of the crime (Locus delicti) in determining the jurisdiction of fisheries crimes. Research results show that (1) Regulations related to Fisheries Crimes both materially and formally in Indonesian law have been regulated according to the perspective of organized transnational crime, however, current fisheries laws do not cover all existing fisheries crimes. (2) in the case of determining the jurisdiction of fisheries crimes occurring in the territory of a country involving several state parties, the states parties must establish a joint investigation body. The conclusion of this research is that the laws and regulations owned by Indonesia related to Fisheries Crimes do not cover all aspects of crimes occurring in the field of fisheries and related to the determination of the jurisdiction of fisheries crimes the Indonesian government has implemented its jurisdiction based on the provisions of transnational organized crime conventions by cooperating with state parties the other.