Suchergebnisse

Legal transplant, as a legal phenomenon, has always been present in legal history, and was especially brought to the fore in terms of creating major economic integrations, such as the European Union (EU). Membership of the Republic of Croatia in the EU has its strong legal basis because it belongs to the continental law school initially based on the reception of Roman law, and later German law. The Croatian academic community believes that the harmonization of bankruptcy and legal regulations with the EU laws is not a goal in itself, but has a strong economic rationale. In this context, a number of ambiguities in the current bankruptcy legislation are indicated, one of them being the absence of lex specialis regulations for consumer bankruptcy. As the legislator showed an initiative for the reception of a model of consumer bankruptcy (the Foundation for the Introduction of Personal Bankruptcy, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, 2012, pp. 1-6, and Draft Proposal of the Statement of the Regulatory Impact Assessment for the Preparation of the Draft of the Consumer Bankruptcy Law Proposal, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, 2012, pp. 1-5 and finally Draft of the Consumer Bankruptcy Law Proposal, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, June 2014) modeled on German legal solutions, the authors analyze the justification of such regulation in this paper.

Tourism today is marked by various social-economic trends. Croatia as a tourist destination is present on the networked international tourism market, which imposes daily adjustments to varying conditions on the market, primarily through improvement of the competitiveness of its own tourism offer. An important precondition for forming such an offer is an effective system for managing a tourist destination or destination management. With its accession to the European Union, Croatia has become a part of the European tourist market, which is a boost for tourism but also challenging, as it needs to stay true to its identity and maintain its uniqueness. Due to Croatia's new macroenvironment, conditions and rapidly changing consumer requirements on the global tourism market, as well as global economic and political instability, which has not left the European Union unscathed, strategic operational planning and clear guidance for the future development of tourism in Croatia are essential. Thus, the goal of this paper is to emphasize the importance and functionality of destination management for the development of competitiveness of Croatian tourism, with emphasis on strategic managing of its development and review the challenges and adaptations to the conditions on the European tourism market.

The paper provides an overview of the effects of Croatian EU accession on its foreign trade and customs system, with special emphasis on bilateral trade with EU and CEFTA countries. With Croatia entering the EU, Croatian trade agreements with the South Eastern European countries no longer apply due to its simultaneous exit from CEFTA. These processes will certainly lead to certain changes in the Croatian foreign trade. The paper, therefore, analyses the current state and the dynamics of foreign trade with EU and CEFTA member countries in the period from 2007 to 2013. Moreover, we also offer an overview of possible changes in foreign trade and customs system, as well as the potential effects of these changes estimated within the previous theoretical and empirical research.

Legal transplant, as a legal phenomenon, has always been present in legal history, and was especially brought to the fore in terms of creating major economic integrations, such as the European Union (EU). Membership of the Republic of Croatia in the EU has its strong legal basis because it belongs to the continental law school initially based on the reception of Roman law, and later German law. The Croatian academic community believes that the harmonization of bankruptcy and legal regulations with the EU laws is not a goal in itself, but has a strong economic rationale. In this context, a number of ambiguities in the current bankruptcy legislation are indicated, one of them being the absence of lex specialis regulations for consumer bankruptcy. As the legislator showed an initiative for the reception of a model of consumer bankruptcy (the Foundation for the Introduction of Personal Bankruptcy, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, 2012, pp. 1-6, and Draft Proposal of the Statement of the Regulatory Impact Assessment for the Preparation of the Draft of the Consumer Bankruptcy Law Proposal, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, 2012, pp. 1-5 and finally Draft of the Consumer Bankruptcy Law Proposal, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, June 2014) modeled on German legal solutions, the authors analyze the justification of such regulation in this paper.

Many macroeconomists and politicans claim that fi scal austerity – getting the budget deficit down immediately – would be good for employment and growth. We think that fiscal stimulus is expansionary, and fi scal contraction is contractionary. There is a large and growing body of literature that shows that fi scal expansion can help economy to grow and reduce unemployment in near term; that certain types of fi scal stimulus are very effective and that fi scal contractions tend to lower output and employment in the short run. Fiscal austerity may be desirable for the long-term solvency and health of the economy. But it lowers growth and raises unemployment in the near term. A policy mix between new monetary strategy (nominal GDP targeting) and fi scal stimulus would be especially effective.

Autor najprije ukratko podsjeća na specifični lik ekonomske historije. Zatim prikazuje odnos opće ekonomske historije i političke ekonomije. Posebno razmatra eko- nomsko-historijsku komponentu ne samo u političkoj ekonomiji kapitalizma, u političkoj ekonomiji socijalizma i u historiji ekonomskih doktrina, nego i u ekonomici narodne privrede kao znanstvene discipline koja se oslanja na političku ekonomiju. Autor nadalje ističe da su opća ekonomska historija i politička ekonomija u živim recipročnim odnosima, te da je interdisciplinarna suradnja na relaciji: ekonomska historija - ekonomska teorija korisna za obje te discipline. U radu su na odgovarajućim mjestima uklopljeni prikazi odabranih zbivanja na jugoslavenskom tlu koja su od interesa za evropsku, pa i svjetsku ekonomsku historiju (npr. pojava prvih manufaktura u Dubrovniku početkom 15. stoljeća, a to su ujedno bile i prve manufakture u našim krajevima te između prvih u Evropi...).

Investment in research and development (R&D) creates preconditions for the implementation of more advanced and better technologies. It enables the introduction of new products or production processes which can result in higher earnings and potential economic growth. Even though research and development is a catalyst for the genesis of aggregate economic activity, its importance is not widely researched at regional levels. The European Union has defined strategies which view innovation as an essential element in stimulating growth and job creation. The aim of this paper is to establish and measure the impact of investment in R&D on economic growth of port regions. The data used in this research were panel data of the European Union's port regions for NUTS 2 classification for the period from 2005 to 2015. The results of the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) indicate that investment in R&D has a significant impact on the economic growth of the port regions in European Union. However, in order for innovations to be accepted and implemented, it is also necessary for regions to have specific economic structure which was further analyzed in this paper. Regions with high innovation capacity create greater economic benefits and are considered to grow faster than other regions.

In a highly globalized world, the freedom of movement is one of the fundamental principles in the business community. More concretely, free movement of workers is a fundamental principle of the Treaty enshrined in Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The purpose of this paper is to discuss from the legal and managerial aspect the purpose and function of recruitment as an important part of contemporary human resource management. The theoretical aspect of freedom of movement in the European Union is discussed within the legal institutional framework that enables EU citizens to move across borders and exercise their rights. The empirical part of the paper provides a practical example of recruitment of medical doctors (Croatian citizens) to work in the Kingdom of Sweden.

The domestic currency Croatian kuna (HRK) was introduced in May 1995. To date, the Croatian National Bank (HNB), as a regulator and formulator of monetary policy in Croatia has operated a policy of stable exchange rate, typically referenced to the formal currency of the European Union euro (EUR). From the date of introduction of the euro 01/01/1999 until 01/01/2016 the value of the currency pair HRK / EUR changed in value by only 4.25% (HNB). Although the value of the Croatian kuna is relatively stable, there are some fluctuations on an annual level (e.g. in ­­­the last few years because of the global crisis) as well as on periodic levels within a year. The aim of this paper is to show the movement of the value of the currency pair since the beginning of 2002 to the present day (the time curve), analyze the correctness, trends and periodicity (seasonal behavior), if any exist. The research will be done using the method of Time Series Analysis, assuming that the external (global economy) and internal factors (economic policy) remain similar or the same. According to the results, further assessment of price developments in the period followed will be made by using the obtained predicative models. In the event that the curve contains the component of periodicity, the observed patterns will be studied further.

The purpose of this study is to determine the causality between trade deficits and government expenditure for the Turkish economy in different time horizons and in the case of different shock types between year 1987 and 2014. By doing so, we aim to understand whether the twin deficit hypothesis is valid in the Turkish economy or whether government expenditures have more ability to cause the movements of trade deficit. To do this, we employ asymmetric causality test developed by Hatemi-J (2012) and Hatemi-J and Roca (2014) and rolling windows causality test developed by Balcilar et al. (2010) methods. Results obtained from all tests imply that there is a bi-directional causality between variables. Different from other causality analysis, asymmetric causality analysis results indicate that an increase in government expenditures reduces trade deficit contrarily to existing literature. This means twin divergence hypothesis might be valid in the Turkish economy instead of twin deficit hypothesis.

In the art of photography, the phenomenon of vignetting means blurring of an image at its periphery compared to its centre. Vignettes are a form of road pricing independent of travel distance. Their usage in Croatia was recently rejected while in Europe, the number of countries using them, is increasing. The economic question of using vignettes as a primary source of revenue for the financing of Croatian highways was blurred by economically peripheral but politically sensitive welfare transfer issues. There has been no visible attempt to push the discussion back into the field of economics by using purely economic criteria such as: opportunity cost of usage, "sunk costs", marginal costs, and total costs recovery. The paper aims at un-vignetting (un-blurring) the issue and re-focusing it towards economic arguments. The approach taken is a deductive-nomological argument based on opportunity costs of usage. The conclusion is straightforward: the vignettes are Pareto efficient since they make the society in general and the consumers in particular ultimately better off even after taking into account compensations. The opportunity costs of usage of congestion-free roads are zero. The optimal quantity-dependent price is then also zero. Since zero price does not recover costs, a differential pricing scheme needs to be put in place: one that does not depend on distance travelled.

This paper investigates the link between cluster membership and performance of clustered companies. The object of the study is the Croatian Wood Cluster (CWC). The paper presents the results of a survey of 34 members of the Croatian Wood Cluster operating in wood and furniture industries. The survey was conducted in order to identify and analyse perceptions and attitudes of CWC members towards CWC objectives, activities and performance; the cooperation strength among cluster members and that with the players outside the cluster; the effects of clustering on the operational performance of the clustered SMEs; business and economic setting in Croatia, barriers for the work of the CWC and the relevancy of government policy measures. The empirical results indicate that the economic performance of the clustered companies is significantly predicted by the cooperation with public institutions, financial institutions and professional associations (such as the Agency for Investments and Competitiveness) provided by the CWC and by the access to cluster resources such as horizontal cooperation, fairs, exhibitions etc. Additionally, an access to credit, customers and competitors shows a significant positive effect on finance-based performance of the clustered companies. On the other hand, cooperation among cluster members and cooperation with scientific, high education and research institutions show no significant relationship with the company performance.

Today's organizational environment requires managers to be an excellent decision maker with the ability to make effective decisions which will shape business performance. Because of the role that managers have in today's business settings, research interest in the relationship between individual characteristics and managerial decision making in all its aspects has increased over the last decade. This paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of how individuals make choices and decisions by examining the influence of top management demographic characteristics on decision making approaches. Findings suggest that demographic characteristics appear to be valuable for predicting which decision making approach managers prefer. The results of the study show that the average age and education level of decision makers is positively related to the rational decision making approach and negatively to the intuitive decision making approach. Tenure is positively related to the intuitive decision making approach, but the influence is not statistically significant. Also, a difference in the decision making approach was found with respect to gender. In light of the research findings, implications and limitations were discussed and some possibilities for future research are suggested.

The application of internal marketing in organizations has been researched by scholars for nearly three decades, but literature has little empirical research in the public sector. There is a latent debate on the relevance of internal marketing in the public sector, given the need to provide a more effective service to the citizens. Given the possibility that the internal-market orientation is an antecedent of job satisfaction, the objective of this research was to measure the level of internal market orientation in the public sector, and the Military Fire Department of the State of Espírito Santo (MFDESS) was surveyed using quantitative research. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, which follows the model used by Gounaris (2006) in research with employees of a hotel chain in Greece. 522 firefighters were surveyed. The choice of this organization was due to the importance of the service performed and the society visibility, given the direct relationship with life and assets of the taxpayers. Therefore, the level of job satisfaction of firefighters is relevant for the achievement of excellence in their missions. The results showed that firefighters have the perception that there is little internal-market orientation in the Military Fire Department and the level of job satisfaction is low. The research result converged with the literature on the direct relationship of the internal-market orientation with job satisfaction. Furthermore, the research concluded that job satisfaction is influenced by the identification of the exchange of value, segment internal market, job description, management concern and training.