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Corruption, being linked to institutions of power, affects the efficiency of using public funds in a country. This happens, in particular, due to distortions in the structure of public expenditure, worsening quality and decreasing accessibility of public services, and overpricing of public services. The consequences of corruption that arise in different areas of human activity often become subject of scientific investigations performed by reputable scientists. However, the issue of the impact of corruption on public spending efficiency in the countries with different levels of democratic development has not been researched. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of corruption on the efficiency of public spending across the world (in 166 countries for the period from 2004 until 2017). The research is carried out by applying regression analysis to indicators characterizing the level of corruption and the efficiency of public spending obtained from large-scale survey data collected by major international organizations and aggregated in the World Bank's "World Development Indicators" database. The analysis is also performed by using k-means clustering method to group countries into 4 clusters by the level of democracy and to build refined one-factor econometric models for each of them.The study revealed strong correlation relationship between corruption and public spending efficiency. It has been determined that a unit increase in corruption perceptions (a decrease in corruption) leads to a marginal increase in the efficiency of public spending by 0.931 units in the simple linear regression model and by 0.807 units in the multiple regression model. The study also showed that the impact of corruption on public spending varies depending on the level of democracy in a country. In the countries with low democracy levels, a unit decrease in corruption increases the efficiency of public spending by 0.923 units, whereas a similar decrease in corruption in the countries with high democracy levels will increase public spending efficiency only by 0.701 units. The findings of this study allow us to determine with higher accuracy the effects of corruption reduction measures on the efficiency of public spending. ; Исследованы теоретические основы и практические аспекты влияния коррупции на эффективность расходов бюджета. Установлено, что уменьшение коррупции на единицу в однофакторной модели приводит к предельному увеличению эффективности расходов бюджета на 0,931 единиц, а в модели множественной регрессии прирост составил 0,807 единиц. Доказано, что воздействие коррупции на бюджетные расходы видоизменяется в зависимости от уровня демократии в государствах. В странах с низким уровнем демократии сокращение уровня коррупции на единицу приводит к росту эффективности расходов бюджета на 0,923 единицы, в то время, когда в странах с высоким уровнем демократии аналогичное уменьшение коррупции приведет к росту эффективности расходов только на 0,701. ; Корупція, будучи пов'язаною з владними інституціями, позначається на ефективності використання коштів бюджету держави. Це відбувається, зокрема, через викривлення структури видатків бюджету, погіршення якості та доступності суспільних послуг, зростання вартості суспільних благ тощо. Наслідки корупції для різних сфер життєдіяльності часто є предметом дослідження авторитетних учених. Однак питання впливу корупції на ефективність використання бюджетних ресурсів у країнах із різними рівнями розвитку демократії не вивчене. Метою дослідження є з'ясування впливу корупції на ефективність бюджетних видатків у різних країнах світу (у 166-ти країнах світу впродовж 2004–2017 рр.) Дослідження передбачало застосування регресійного аналізу індикаторів, що характеризують рівень корупції та ефективність видатків бюджету. Аналіз передбачав також групування країн за допомогою методу k-середніх на чотири кластери за рівнем демократії та побудову для них якісних однофакторних економетричних моделей. Виявлено тісну кореляційну залежність корупції та ефективності видатків бюджету; установлено, що зростанням оцінки корупції (її зменшення) на одиницю в однофакторній моделі призводить до граничного збільшення ефективності видатків бюджету на 0,931 одиниці, а в моделі множинної регресії приріст становив 0,807 одиниці. Установлено, що вплив корупції на бюджетні видатки видозмінюється залежно від рівня демократії у країнах. У країнах із найнижчим рівнем демократії скорочення рівня корупції на одиницю призводить до зростання ефективності видатків бюджету на 0,923 одиниці, у той час, коли у країнах із найвищим рівнем демократії аналогічне зменшення корупції призведе до зростання ефективності видатків лише на 0,701. Одержані результати дають змогу точніше визначати наслідки для ефективності видатків бюджету від заходів, спрямованих на скорочення корупції.

Efforts undertaken by France to restructure the allocation of governmental competencies increased the importance of subnational governments by transferring additional tasks. This paper analyzes the efficiency of public spending on an intermediate government level for a sample of 96 départements in metropolitan France in 2008. Spending efficiency is measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Results indicate significant room for improvements and detect spending inefficiencies averaging between 10 and 22 percent, depending on model specification. To explain efficiency, a bootstrapped truncated regression, following Simar and Wilson (2007), is applied. The second-stage regression shows that efficiency is also determined by exogenous factors and identifies the distance to the national capital, inhabitants' income and the share of inhabitants of an age over 65 as significant determinants of efficiency.

Public expenditure is efficient if its planning and policy objectives are achieved and inefficient if they are not. Efficiency is measured by an index of observed and desired performance and involves a comparison of actual performance with optimal performance located on the relevant frontier. Research is concerned with the identification of various ways that might depart from efficiency, the specification of an appropriate method of measuring inefficiency, and an exploration of the implications of each type of inefficiency, comprising a) academic interest, b) managerial decision making, and c) public policy relevance. This paper attempts to focus on defining efficient public expenditure performance, investigating the attainment of efficiency, and examining efficiency in public expenditure as a way to recover from the current financial crisis.

This book provides compelling arguments for the exclusive concern with efficiency ('a dollar is a dollar') in all specific areas of public economic policy, leaving the objective of equality to be achieved through the general tax/transfer system. Public policies should ultimately maximize the sum of individual welfares which should be individual happiness rather than preferences. Relative-income and environmental disruption effects cause a bias in favour of private spending which is no longer conducive to happiness socially. Welfare can be increased more by higher public spending on research and environmental protection, including the perfection of the techniques of brain stimulation to increase happiness.

In this qualitative sociological and quantitative economic policy paper, we start out from the assumption of a very recent European Commission Background paper on the Efficiency and effectiveness of social spending, which says the effectiveness of social spending can be defined by the degree to which the realized allocation approaches the socially desired outcome. The conclusions listed in the Commission paper are found far reaching and not supported by the empirical data. We perform such an analysis, starting from advances in recent literature. A more encompassing sociological perspective on the issue and factor analytical calculations is presented, which supports our general argument about the efficiency of the Scandinavian model. The social quality approach provides an alternative perspective on welfare system analysis, focusing on public policies rather than social policies. The empirical evidence, suggests that in terms of the efficiency of the European social model, the geography of comparative performance include: the direct action against social exclusion, health and family social expenditures, the neo-liberal approach, and the unemployment benefit centred approach. Applying rigorous comparative social science methodology, we also arrive at the conclusion that in terms of the initial ECOFIN definition of efficiency, the data presented in this article suggest that apart from Finland and the Netherlands, three new EU-27 member countries, especially the Czech Republic and Slovenia, provide interesting answers to the question about the efficiency of state expenditures in reducing poverty rates.

In this qualitative sociological and quantitative economic policy paper, we start out from the assumption of a very recent European Commission Background paper on the "Efficiency and effectiveness of social spending", which says the effectiveness of social spending can be defined by the degree to which the realized allocation approaches the socially desired outcome. The conclusions listed in the Commission paper are found far reaching and not supported by the empirical data. We perform such an analysis, starting from advances in recent literature. A more encompassing sociological perspective on the issue and factor analytical calculations is presented, which supports our general argument about the efficiency of the Scandinavian model. The social quality approach provides an alternative perspective on welfare system analysis, focusing on public policies rather than social policies. The empirical evidence, suggests that in terms of the efficiency of the European social model, the geography of comparative performance include: the direct action against social exclusion, health and family social expenditures, the neo-liberal approach, and the unemployment benefit centred approach. Applying rigorous comparative social science methodology, we also arrive at the conclusion that in terms of the initial ECOFIN definition of efficiency, the data presented in this article suggest that apart from Finland and the Netherlands, three new EU-27 member countries, especially the Czech Republic and Slovenia, provide interesting answers to the question about the efficiency of state expenditures in reducing poverty rates. -- Social spending ; European Commission ; index numbers and aggregation ; cross-sectional models ; spatial models ; economic integration ; regional economic activity ; international factor movements ; international political economy

In 2016, the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) decided to initiate spending reviews (RS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its spending in the context of a moderate fiscal consolidation process. Although Bulgaria has one of the lowest overall spending in the European Union (EU), spending outcomes lag those of other EU member states. In the case of waste management, Bulgaria spends the most among comparable EU countries, but outcomes could be significantly improved. Still a large part (48 percent in 2016 ) of municipal solid waste generated is landfilled even though waste management infrastructure is under development. To help address these challenges the Ministry of Finance (MoF) requested analytical and advisory support from the World Bank. Such support was intended to identify spending pressures and potential efficiency and effectiveness gains in waste management. In contrast to most spending reviews, where saving targets are identified upfront and the primary objective is to find ways of reducing the budget, the primary objective of this review is to increase performance and use any savings derived from efficiency gains for additional priority spending on waste management. A secondary objective is for this SR to help increase the transparency of spending on waste management, as information on spending categories by activity and municipality has not been analyzed until now.