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The dynamic and ever-evolving nature of neuroimaging research creates important ethical challenges. New domains of neuroscience research and improving technological capabilities in neuroimaging have expanded the scope of studies that probe the biology of the social and ethical brain, the range of eligible volunteers for research, and the extent of academic-industry relationships. Accordingly, challenges in informed consent and subject protection are surfacing. In this context, we provide an overview of the current landscape for neuroimaging and discuss specific research ethics topics arising from it. We suggest preliminary approaches to tackle current issues, and identify areas for further collaboration between neuroimagers and institutional review boards (research ethics committee).

A survey of 750 university human Research Ethics Boards (HRECs) in the United States revealed that Internet research protocols involving online or Web surveys are the type most often reviewed (94% of respondents), indicating the growing prevalence of this methodology for academic research. Respondents indicated that the electronic and online nature of these survey data challenges traditional research ethics principles such as consent, risk, privacy, anonymity, confidentiality, and autonomy, and adds new methodological complexities surrounding data storage, security, sampling, and survey design. Interesting discrepancies surfaced among respondents regarding strengths and weaknesses within extant guidelines, which are highlighted throughout the paper. The paper concludes with considerations and suggestions towards consistent protocol review of online surveys to ensure appropriate human subjects protections in the face of emergent electronic tools and methodologies.

Ethical Problems in Emergency Medicine; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Section One: Challenging professionalism; 1: Physician care of family, friends, or colleagues; 2: The impaired physician; 3: Disclosure of medical error and truth telling; 4: Conflicts between patient requests and physician obligations; 5: Judgmental attitudes and opinions in the emergency department; 6: Using physicians as agents of the state; Section Two: End-of-life decisions; 7: Family-witnessed resuscitation in the emergency department: making sense of ethical and practical considerations in an emotional debate.

This paper reports on an innovative process by which the Inuit and First Nations communities of Newfoundland and Labrador confronted and challenged the policies and procedures of the provincial research ethics system. We describe the ways in which these communities engaged with health and university research review administrators to exchange information, identify challenges with existing processes, and outline a strategy for movement forward. We highlight the innovative structure of the process, and show how that resulted in immediate and ongoing community-led reforms to the provincial research ethics boards. Key to the success of the workshop was the fact that diverse stakeholders—community members, community research review administrators, research ethics board administrators, and health board research administrators—came together in an ethical space and worked together to critically interrogate the bureaucratic structure of the government, health, and university-based ethics review processes in the province. Recommendations arising from this process led to changes in the governance of health research involving the province's Indigenous communities.

This paper reports on an innovative process by which the Inuit and First Nations communities of Newfoundland and Labrador confronted and challenged the policies and procedures of the provincial research ethics system. We describe the ways in which these communities engaged with health and university research review administrators to exchange information, identify challenges with existing processes, and outline a strategy for movement forward. We highlight the innovative structure of the process, and show how that resulted in immediate and ongoing community-led reforms to the provincial research ethics boards. Key to the success of the workshop was the fact that diverse stakeholders—community members, community research review administrators, research ethics board administrators, and health board research administrators—came together in an ethical space and worked together to critically interrogate the bureaucratic structure of the government, health, and university-based ethics review processes in the province. Recommendations arising from this process led to changes in the governance of health research involving the province's Indigenous communities.