Suchergebnisse

Some of the most important principles of state ethnic policy are to ensure national and ethnic minorities possibility of continuing their national distinction and to enable them participation in public life, including political. The German minority residing in Poland, the most numerous among national minorities, participates actively in realization of the above-mentioned principles. The German minority is most numerous in Upper Silesia area where since 1990 the biggest minority organization in Poland, the Social-Cultural Society of Germans in Opole Silesia (TSKN), has been operating.
The basic aim of this article was to make an attempt to describe TSKN activities in the aspect of Polish state ethnic policy assumptions. Research tools and methods used were: historical, comparative, statistical, source study and literature review. Essential research was also study of Internet sources, first and foremost Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration websites as well as TSKN websites. Research hypothesis had been formulated, according to which the Third Republic of Poland ethnic policy not only enable keeping national identity for the German minority living in the region of Opole Silesia, but also creates for the minority appropriate conditions to participate in public life of the region. As a result of research process above-mentioned hypothesis was verified positively.

The article is an attempt to discuss the character of the ethnic policy of the Polish state after 1989, i.e during the system transformation. The author's analysis on the specifics and ethnic policy as a specific policy of the state begins with the scientific proper paradigm proper for political science research. The analyses concern both theoretical and practical problems including the institutions/entities that restrain them, stages, main concepts, the scope of implementation and the balance. The author concludes that ethnic policy of the Polish state which was implemented during the transformation period deserves a positive evaluation because of both its character and effectiveness. He states that Poland worked out and conducted the policy which was, on the one side, directed to form frames of the democratic state and on the other on positive solution of prob-lems that arose in the ethnic sphere. These conclusions are based on the author's own long-term studies, numerous documents and the literature on the subject. ; Istotą artykułu jest próba pogłębionej refleksji na temat charakteru polityki etnicznej państwa polskiego po roku 1989, a więc w okresie transformacji ustrojowej. Punktem wyjścia rozważań są autorskie odniesienia do specyfiki i istoty polityki etnicznej jako polityki szczegółowej państwa, przede wszystkim w świetle paradygmatu badawczego właściwego badaniom politologicznym. Analizy dotyczą tak zagadnień teoretycznych, jak i praktycznych, w tym determinantów badanej polityki, instytucji/podmiotów ją kreujących, etapów, głównych koncepcji, zakresu realizacji oraz bilansu. Autor konkluduje, że realizowana w okresie transformacji polityka etniczna państwa polskiego zasługuje na pozytywną ocenę, tak w kontekście jej charakteru, jak i skuteczności. Stwierdza, że Polska wypracowała i prowadziła wtedy politykę nastawioną z jednej strony na tworzenie ram państwa demokratycznego, z drugiej pozytywne rozwiązywanie ujawniających się problemów w sferze etnicznej. Zaprezentowane rozważania bazują na wieloletnich badaniach własnych autora, licznych dokumentach oraz literaturze przedmiotu.

A group of eminent specialists on ethnic politics in Russia discuss the draft Strategy for State Ethnic Policy of the Russian Federation. They approve of the use of commonly used terminology to discuss ethnic issues. Their concerns include the lack of a program for action that could be implemented to improve ethnic relations in Russia. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractDanish practice regarding ethnic minorities is rather inconsistent and unco-ordinated. Danish practice at its best attempts to enhance the competence of the individual members of ethnic minority groups in order to equip them to participate more fully in Danish society. At its worst, Danish administration repudiates the special needs of ethnic minorities. In most circumstances, Denmark's official position is relatively tolerant and yet passive as to the fate of ethnic minorities. Assimilation is an almost irresistable pressure for tiny ethnic minorities in a largely homogeneous society when the following ingredients are combined: • the failure to officially acknowledge the existence of minorities as such; and • the foundation principle of Danish administration of the actual equality of all people and the concomitant obligation to treat all alike.

"Ethnic Lobbying in Foreign Policy" published on by Oxford University Press.

This article documents a U.S. Cuban foreign policy cycle that operated in tandem with the presidential electoral cycle between 1992 and 2004. During these post-Cold War years, when Cuba posed no threat to U.S. national security, influential, well-organized Cuban Americans leveraged political contributions and votes to tighten the embargo on travel and trade, especially at the personal level. U.S. presidential candidates, most notably incumbent presidents seeking re-election, responded to their demands with discretionary powers of office. When presidential candidates supported policies that made good electoral sense but conflicted with concerns of state, they subsequently reversed or left unimplemented Cuba initiatives. After describing the logic behind an ethnic electoral policy cycle and U.S. personal embargo policy between 1992 and 2004, this article examines Cuban American voter participation, political and policy preferences, lobbying, political contributions, and the relationship between the ethnic policy and presidential election cycles. Adapted from the source document.

The article presents the sociological and ethnological features (aspects) in the analysis of state ethnic politics. The possibilities of synthesis between sociological and ethnological methods in the process of analysis of state ethnic politics are determined. The relevance of the influence of sociological and ethnological aspects on the process of rational and prudent ethnic politics in the country in our time is analyzed. The definitions of sociology and ethnology and the sphere of their knowledge and scientific efficiency are given. Constructive derivatives during the synthesis of sociological and ethnological methods of cognition of society are found out. The work of foreign and Ukrainian scientists and researchers on state ethnic politics is considered. The historical process of the late nineteenth - twentieth centuries, which led humanity to the emergence of modern state-administrative issues and problems, is analyzed. The types of social structuring of societies and the social structure of modern Ukrainian society, which is considered to be the most acceptable and generally recognized, are defined as schemes. The ethnic structure of human society on the theory of ethnogenesis, proposed by LM Gumilev at the end of the twentieth century, and the author's vision of socio-ethnic structuring of societies in a schematic form are highlighted. The author presents a schematic view of one of the possible variants of the scientific vision of the ethno-social structuring of the societies of the world, including Ukrainian society. The logical definition of the important scientific term "nation" (nation) and the importance of universalizing the terminological and conceptual base in the analysis of national ethnic politics are presented. Conclusions have been made regarding the prospects for further development of public administration science. ; В представленной статье выяснены социологические и этнологические особенности (аспекты) при анализе государственной этнической политики. Определены возможности синтеза между ...

To what extent do ethnic minority groups influence foreign policy? This question hinges on the impact of cross-border ties between ethnic groups & the extent to which a minority ethnic group can "capture" foreign policy despite opposition from the majority in both democratic & autocratic regimes. The evidence suggests that ethnicity matters, but in a limited fashion: ethnic ties can heighten diplomatic conflict, influence decisions to provide support for insurgent groups, & exacerbate international crises. Yet these ties have little impact on decisions by governments to impose economic sanctions & are far from the primary determinant of international armed conflict. Ethnicity is but one cleavage over which political mobilization might occur, & one that neither scholars nor politicians should reify. 1 Table. Adapted from the source document.

China has been a multi-ethnic political polity for over two thousand years. 'Culturalisation' of ethnic minorities in peripheries has been a tradition in China deeply rooted in the Confucianism. This tradition resulted in a united-pluralistic polity with a huge population & the non-stop writing history throughout a series of dynasties. The People's Republic began to adopt the policies of the former USSR since the 1950s & gave ethnic minorities more political status, or what is called 'politicisation' of ethnic minorities in China. This policy has improved socioeconomic development of minority groups & promoted group corporations but also has strengthened the group consciousness among the minorities. The collapse of the Soviet Union provides a lesson that this policy orientation might provide an institutional basis for national disintegration when internal & external powers work together. Meanwhile, the 'equality de facto' has been the goal of official ethnic policy since the 1950s & many policies have been designed & practiced in favour of minority groups, but there also some debate on its social consequences which also need our attention. Tables, Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.