Suchergebnisse

AbstractEven if the value of the firm is unaffected by its capital structure, managers may have reasons to choose a particular structure. The prices of the firm's securities reflect the "market's" assessment of the value and riskiness of the firm. Should managers disagree with the market's assessment of the firm's risk or value, they will also disagree about the relative returns on the firm's securities. Concern about shareholder welfare may, therefore, lead them to prefer a specific capital structure. If managers believe the market has underestimated the firm's value, they will prefer debt financing; if the market has overestimated risk, they will prefer equity; and, if managers disagree about both risk and value, they may prefer to finance using both debt and equity.

Financial inclusion (FI) is the process of clinch access to financial services. It also provides affordable, timely and appropriate credit where susceptible groups such as vulnerable groups and low-income groups need it. In diverse countries like India, FI is animportant part of the development process. The collective efforts of government and regulatory agencies (institutions), the financial inclusion has improved in the country. However, FI hasnot reached the poorest and has many bottlenecks and challenges like lack of financial literacy, unawareness of financial services, digital illiteracy which need immediate attention(Hasan et al., 2021). Financial literacy is a predetermine factors that influence financial inclusion. The importance of financial literacy has increased significantly over the past several years among educators, community groups, businesses, government agencies and policy makers (Hogarth et al., 2002). Financial attitude is a state of mind and opinion of a person about finance. This study focuses on the demand side perspective with the purpose of examining the influence of financial literacy and financial attitude towards the financial inclusion among women (especially working women). The results show the positive relationship between financial attitude and financial literacy towards financial inclusion.

Introduction. In the conditions of weakening of state control over the development of monetary and credit relations, the liberalization of foreign economic relations and the increase of the influence of the political situation on economic processes, the system of ensuring financial security of the state has a special role in the economy of Ukraine. Problems in the field of ensuring financial security do not allow creating conditions for economic growth, have a negative impact on the financial, tax, insurance and the budget process in the country. Therefore, in today's conditions, the issue of ensuring an adequate level of financial security of the state, defining the role in the system of its provision of financial institutions is important.Purpose. Study of the essence of financial security of Ukraine and determination of the role and importance of financial institutions in the system of ensuring financial security of the state.Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization.Results. The general problem of all financial regulators in Ukraine is an inadequate level of interaction and coordination with other public authorities, as well as insufficient transparency and openness of information about their activities. Normative acts regulating the functioning of state bodies usually establish a procedure for accountability and subordination to other authorities, as well as the possibility of interaction with them, but there are no real mechanisms for effective communication and coordination.Originality. This article explores practical aspects of financial security as the protection of state interests in the financial sector, the appropriate level of fiscal, tax and monetary system that guarantees state's ability to effectively generate, store excessive depreciation and rational use of financial resources of the country to ensure its socio-economic development and servicing of financial obligations. The role and importance in the system to ensure the financial security of the state financial institutions, including isolated and exposed three main groups of financial institutions, financial intermediaries; international financial institutions; financial institutions regulators.Conclusion. In order to ensure the financial security of the state of Ukraine, it is necessary to implement a set of measures aimed at increasing the participation of financial institutions in promoting the development of domestic business, supporting research, introducing innovations, etc. On the other hand, the implementation of a number of institutional and legal and organizational measures will greatly contribute to increasing the role of financial institutions in Ukraine's financial security system in the context of financial globalization.