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ABSTRACTHistorical flood events recorded as flood marks on bridges and houses or reported in newspapers and journals provide valuable information on the maximum size of floods which are likely to occur in the UK. For hydrological analysis peak water level must be converted to peak discharge, which is problematic even when the flood has been recorded at a flow gauging station. This paper describes some of the methods used to calculate the magnitude of extreme floods. Sixty‐nine historical UK floods are plotted on a graph of discharge versus drainage area and compared with curves published in 1933 and 1960 which were used to estimate the Normal Maximum Flood required for dam spillway design before 1975. From that date the design standard became the Probable Maximum Flood. PMF is calculated for 17 sites where extreme floods have occurred. For six events the observed peak discharge exceeded PMF. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

Focuses on issues emerging from extensive research conducted by the
Flood Hazard Research Centre in Britain. Although the total flood loss
potential is rising, there is no indication that local authorities and
the emergency services are responding to the increased risk. The flood
warning dissemination process is inadequate and problems exist within
the town and country planning process. Local authorities should, with
support from central government, be capable of doing more to avoid the
creation and build‐up of flood disaster potential through more
restrictive and sensitive control of development.

Intro -- FEDERAL FLOOD POLICY: BALANCING CHALLENGES AND LESSONS -- FEDERAL FLOOD POLICY: BALANCING CHALLENGES AND LESSONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 FEDERAL FLOOD POLICY CHALLENGES: LESSONS FROM THE 2008 MIDWEST FLOOD* -- SUMMARY -- U.S. FLOOD CHALLENGE: A FEDERAL PRIMER -- Recent Interest and Developments -- Flood Policy in a Federalist System: Shared Responsibilities -- Limits to Levees and Dams -- 2008 MIDWEST FLOOD: WHAT HAPPENED AND HOW DOES IT COMPARE TO 1993? -- Intense Precipitation in Tributary Watersheds in June 2008 -- Storms in 2008 Were Quick, Which Caused Primarily Tributary Flooding -- Extended Storms in 1993 Inundated the Region -- 2008 FLOOD DAMAGES WERE CONCENTRATED IN DURATION AND EXTENT -- 1993 DAMAGES CREATED A REGIONAL ECONOMIC DISASTER -- LESSONS FROM THE 2008 MIDWEST FLOOD -- Post-1993 Investments Paid Off, but More Development at Risk -- Better Forecasting Data Needed to Improve Emergency Response -- Gains in Managing Levee Repairs, but Levee Deficiencies and Improvements Remain Challenges -- No Comprehensive Midwest Flood Management Strategy in Place -- UPPER MISSISSIPPI FLOOD MANAGEMENT -- Post-1993 Flood Proposals and Recommendations -- Upper Mississippi River Comprehensive Plan -- FEDERAL FLOOD POLICY SINCE 1993: TOUGH CHALLENGES REMAIN -- Unfinished Business on Many Post-1993 Recommendations -- Flood and Floodplain Management Policy -- Federal Flood Insurance and Mapping -- Flood Map Accuracy -- Trends Affecting Flood Risk -- Climate, Demographic, and Development Trends -- Coastal Vulnerability -- RECENT CONGRESSIONAL STEPS TO ADDRESS THE FLOOD CHALLENGE -- Steps Toward a Flood Policy Reorientation -- Levee Reliability -- REDUCING FLOOD RISK -- Resilient Recovery -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- APPENDIX A. CONGRESSIONAL FLOOD DIRECTION AND OVERSIGHT

ABSTRACTIn January 1988 the city of Truro experienced a severe flood from the River Kenwyn. The return period of this event was initially estimated at 350 years using the methodology recommended in the Flood Studies Report1. In October of the same year a second flood, of even greater magnitude, occurred. The subsequent investigations employed a variety of flood frequency estimation techniques including one which uses descriptive information on the history of flooding, obtained from local newspapers and journals, in addition to recent flow records. The return periods of the two events were reassessed to be 50 and 100 years respectively. This flood frequency behaviour was found to be markedly different from the regional average for the South West of England.

California's development and success have been shaped by its ability to manage floods. This management has varied over the history of California's economic and political development and continues in various forms today. California will always have flood problems. A range of options are available to aid in flood management problems and have been used over time. These options can be contrasted with flood management elsewhere and the types of options used to manage other types of hazards in California, such as earthquakes, wildfires, and droughts. In the future, flood management in California will require greater reliance on local funding and leadership, reflecting diminished federal and state funding, with more effective state and federal guidance. Effective flood management will also tend to integrate flood management with actions to achieve environmental and other water supply objectives, both to gain revenues from a broader range of beneficiaries as well as to make more efficient use of land and water in a state where both are often scarce.

Attempting to create greater understanding of the political dynamics that influence domestic disaster relief and management (DRM) in Thailand, this article takes a closer look at these dynamics by outlining the main actors involved in flood-related DRM. It acknowledges the importance of international and military actors but emphasises the role of national and subnational authorities. The article then identifies the central issues of DRM governance as capacity and bureaucracy and discusses these through a chronological assessment of the flood crisis in Thailand in 2011, interweaving the colourful domestic politics with various political cleavages and dichotomies, and thereby distinguishing between three main dichotomies which it considers as the central drivers of the political dynamics and institutional development of DRM. These issues can be summarised as old versus new institutions, technocracy versus bureaucracy and centralised (but with direct people-orientation through greater channels of citizenry participation) versus decentralised bureaucracy with an indirect orientation towards people. (JCSA/GIGA)

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Out of Control! -- Water, Water Everywhere -- In a Flash! -- Floods from the Ocean -- Disaster in the Indian Ocean! -- Tsunami in Japan -- Again and Again -- The Johnstown Flood -- Watching for Water -- Keep Safe! -- Glossary -- Index -- Websites -- Back Cover