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100 years of water supply and sanitation in Finland This book is written by Petri S. Juuti, Tapio S.Katko & Riikka P. Rajala.
Finland is known as a land of thousands of lakes. Yet, there are regions in Finland where lakes are very few and the lack of fresh water is an ordinary problem. Finland is quite unique in Fennoscandia as to its water resources. The country has some 56 000 lakes with a minimum area of one hectare and all together 200000 lakes. Ground water occurs in alluvial eskers formed during ice ages, the last of which ended some 10 000 years ago. Nowadays some 60 per cent of the people use natural or artificially recharged ground water. However, areas lower than 50–60 metres above sea level have problems with water quality due to geological reasons. In such areas bigger cities use surface water for their water supply or acquire their raw water from sources further away. The book shows us how water supply and sanitation have developed in Finland during years of political independence starting from the year 1917. - Tässä dosentti Petri Juutin, dosentti Tapio Katkon ja TkT Riikka Rajalan kirjoittamassa vertaisarvioidussa monografiassa on kuvattu koko Suomen vesihuollon eli vedenhankinnan ja jätevesihuollon historia sadan vuoden ajalta. Kirjan ensimmäisessä osassa taustoitetaan vesihuollon yhteiskunnallista merkitystä ja kuvataan lyhyesti keskeiset kehitysvaiheet. Toisessa osassa kuvataan tutkimuksen kohteena olevien vesilaitosten keskeisiä vaiheita ja valintoja. Teoksen loppuosassa on tutkimuksen vertaileva analyysi ja lopputulokset sekä tulevaisuuden haasteet ja mahdollisuudet. Sata vuotta vesihuoltoa Suomessa 1917-2017 teos on osa Valtioneu-voston kanslian koordinoiman Suomen itsenäisyyden satavuotisjuhlavuoden 2017 ohjelmaa.

Two decades after the end of the Soviet Union, the global capitalist economy narrowly escaped total collapse in the 'Great Recession' of 2008–2009. The world in the twenty-first century has entered into a new era of crisis, which is economic, political and environmental. What will happen between now and the mid-twenty-first century that may shape and largely determine the future of humanity for centuries to come. On the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the October Revolution, this article re-evaluates the trajectory of the twentieth century socialism and identifies its legacies. It also considers the unique character of contemporary contradictions and argues that the formation of new industrial working classes may fatally undermine the system's political legitimacy and raise again the 'spectre of communism' that Marx and Engels predicted, this time not only in Europe but also in the entire globe.

Understanding the state project: power, resistance, and indigeneity -- Ruling the desert: Ottoman policies toward the frontiers -- British colonial policies for Southern Palestine and Transjordan bedouin, 1917-1948 -- Envisioning the "Jewish" state project -- The emergence of military rule, 1949-1950 -- Reshaping the tribe's historical order, 1950-1952: border issues, land rights, idps and UN intervention -- Traditional leadership, border economy, resistance, and survival, 1952-1956 -- The second phase of military rule, 1956-1963 -- The end of military rule and resistance to urbanization plans, 1962-1967 -- Postmilitary rule, the Oslo era, and the contemporary Prawer debate -- The ongoing denial of bedouin rights and their nonviolent resistance

Kurdish Studies, as an academic field, seems today to be dominated by English and Turkish-language literature. Little is known about the volume of literature that has been produced (and is available) in Russian, an important world language spoken across a vast geographic space in regions not far from Kurdish lands. In this review, we have explored this published literature by using searches in Google Scholar. We present the results of this inquiry, as a simple inventory which shall serve to acknowledge and highlight the Russian-language scholarship on the Kurds, Kurdish and Kurdistan. It shows that access to this scholarship is paramount if we want to arrive at a more global understanding of the issues related to the Kurds and Kurdish studies.