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September 11, 2001, when Islamists affiliated with the terrorist organization Al Qaeda attacked iconic buildings in the United States, marked a turning point in recent human history. The impact of these attacks goes far beyond other contemporary events, which triggered major geopolitical processes, such as the 1956 Suez Crisis or the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran. If initially humanity was in a state of shock, seeing how the superpower of the moment seems paralyzed by the aggression of a little-known enemy, later, security measures and geopolitical dynamics overturned not only the life of the Earth's population until then, but also paradigms, strategic concepts, political behaviors. This article aims to analyze how the attack orchestrated by Salafist fanatics in Al Qaeda has transformed and continues to transform society and global geopolitical dynamics.

Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Preface: July 4, 2026 -- Part One: Place Matters -- Chapter One: On the First Tour -- Chapter Two: A Shifting Investment Landscape -- Chapter Three: How to Build a Tech Ecosystem -- Chapter Four: Stronger Together -- Chapter Five: The Geography of Opportunity -- Chapter Six: Big City Reimagination -- Chapter Seven: The Revival of Iconic Regions -- Chapter Eight: Live-Work-Play -- Part Two: Entrepreneurs Driving the Future -- Chapter Nine: The Waves Converge -- Chapter Ten: The Entrepreneurial Activists -- Chapter Eleven: The Great Unbundling -- Chapter Twelve: The Diversity Imperative -- Chapter Thirteen: A Sustainable Nation -- Chapter Fourteen: The United States of Possibility -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Index -- Copyright.

This article will examine the case of National Theatre of China, one of the most iconic buildings that have been looming in the skyline of Chinese metropolises in recent years. They are known to the Chinese public for their unprecedented, and often nicknamed, architectural types. Critics tend to deem such examples of contemporary Chinese architecture from recent waves of urban development as merely "bizarre," taking wacky building forms as the dishonorable outcome of a corrupt conspiracy between capital and politics. Instead of making a similar judgment, this article will discuss the case of the National Theatre as a wishful cultural practice in the context of a complicated sociopolitical drama. The discussion will elaborate on three core issues emerging in the transformation of contemporary Chinese public space: (1) how the meaning of the architectural "face" changes as the urban "body" is redefined, (2) how formal and technical means enhance or weaken the psychological impact that an innovative and adventurous building might have on its patrons, and (3) how rigid urban planning is reconciled with a more dynamic and active theatric space that turns the city itself into an improvised stage.

This reproduction depicts a view of Saint Mark's Basilica in Piazza San Marco in Venice made by Filippo Vasconi for the cartography collection, "Il gran Teatro di Venezia," first published in 1720 by Domenico Lovisa. Piazza San Marco is the site of some of Venice's most iconic buildings. A key at the bottom of the print identifies various buildings in the square. To the right of the domed basilica is the Doge's Palace, its long rectangular facade articulated in the Venetian Gothic style. Closer the the foreground on the right, the Campanile towers above the people gathered in the square—it is so tall part of the building is out of frame. On the far left of the scene is the Clock Tower, topped with a winged lion of Venice. Together these buildings form the political, social, and religious backbone of Venice. Vasconi carefully rendered these buildings, attempting to capture the architectural details of each. The groups of people standing in the square or huddled around tables speak to the square as a popular and important gathering place. As part of a larger book on cartography, this print preserves an idyllic view of Saint Mark's Basilica and other surrounding landmarks. —Jessica Ferrer ('17) ; https://digital.kenyon.edu/arthistorystudycollection/1073/thumbnail.jpg

The loss of iconic buildings and artifacts can result in public mourning which may even overshadow the loss of human life. Cultural trauma theory examines how such processes are socially constructed, but has focused on events of great human suffering, ignoring the power of objects. Discourse analysis of two months of Italian media coverage following the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake and local interviews in Assisi show that a cultural trauma was articulated around the damaged Basilica of St Francis of Assisi and its fragmented Giotto frescoes. In addition to factors specific to Italy, I compare ten recent worldwide cases of artistic loss, some of which became cultural traumas while others did not, in order to determine the critical factors in creating a cultural trauma of objects: the comparative loss of human life, the object's totemic significance to the collective, and the time-frame until the object can be repaired.

This paper is a survey of the Government Land Sales (GLS) programme in Singapore as a mechanism through which design aspects of private developments are regulated by the state. By comparing specifications in tender documents with what was eventually built, and tracing how much design weighed in the awarding of tenders, the survey shows how design regulations moved from an experimental phase in the 1960s when controls were sparse and discretionary, to being institutionalised by the 1980s, when controls became comprehensive, precise, and technical. Still, this did not translate planning visions directly into reality, as developers and architects successfully made counterproposals during and after the tender process. By examining the Integrated Resort development at Marina Bay against shifts in political culture and economic conditions in the 1990s, this paper concludes by arguing that the state deployed the GLS programme to procure 'iconic' buildings while excluding public involvement from actual design-review processes.

In creative cities, new enterprises emerge all the time catering to the changing needs and lifestyles of visitors and local communities. Reputable institutions, cultural activities, iconic buildings as well as small, local businesses all play a role in `branding' the creative city. This study presents one such small enterprise in the form of historical shophouse hotels in Singapore. These shophouse inns are locally owned, housed in architecturally unique buildings and are regarded as emblems of Singaporean identity. It is argued that the urban vernacular, exemplified through the hotels, is a dynamic concept evolving over time, across place and for different groups of people and users. First, the paper explores how the shophouse vernacular provides a platform for the celebration of Singaporean identity by new boutique hoteliers. Secondly, a critique is presented of the commodification of the shophouse as modern hoteliers (business and budget inns) jump onto the heritage bandwagon to create new urban spaces of identity. Finally, contestations are discussed, as different people consider different vernaculars to be worthy of a place in the transforming city. As Singapore evolves as a creative city, the multidimensionality of the vernacular provides a fitting emblem to showcase the creative possibilities of historical buildings, traditional architecture and urban environments.

I will begin with this provocative, and quite unusual image, of an iconic building that we all know – the Eiffel Tower. Some of you might have heard about the media debates surrounding the "new design for the restructuring of the public spaces of the Eiffel Tower" announced by the French architect David Serero in March 2008. He suggested doubling the size of the tower's highest observational platform. The architect claimed that "his firm's proposal was accepted after an open call, and that the structure is expected to be assembled for the 120th anniversary of the tower construction." But shortly after that, the government-contracted firm that manages the tower – la Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel – stated that the claims of the architect are a "hoax." The communication chief denied that there was ever any call for architects regarding plans to redevelop the top of the monument and that Serero Architects never presented themselves as candidates for such a competition. The media outlets that ran with the story included: The Guardian, The New York Times, Architect, Bustler, The Daily Telegraph and Belfast Telegraph. ; I will begin with this provocative, and quite unusual image, of an iconic building that we all know – the Eiffel Tower. Some of you might have heard about the media debates surrounding the "new design for the restructuring of the public spaces of the Eiffel Tower" announced by the French architect David Serero in March 2008. He suggested doubling the size of the tower's highest observational platform. The architect claimed that "his firm's proposal was accepted after an open call, and that the structure is expected to be assembled for the 120th anniversary of the tower construction." But shortly after that, the government-contracted firm that manages the tower – la Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel – stated that the claims of the architect are a "hoax." The communication chief denied that there was ever any call for architects regarding plans to redevelop the top of the monument and that Serero Architects never presented themselves as candidates for such a competition. The media outlets that ran with the story included: The Guardian, The New York Times, Architect, Bustler, The Daily Telegraph and Belfast Telegraph.

This paper considers the relationship between the design and development of the built environment and the political project of creating an inclusive polity. Its focus is the examination of attempts, as part of this process, to re-imagine a shared identity as members of a polity and the role of iconic buildings in this. The paper examines aspects of the ways in which the social construction of nation can privilege particular forms of embodied citizenship-namely, those associated with a normalised body form, which is contrasted with the impaired body. It is especially concerned with the way that the design and use of the built environment is part of this process. Case studies of the design and development of the Scottish Parliament and National Assembly of Wales debating chambers illustrate differences in the notions of citizenship being developed in the two countries, but also that the process of negotiating membership of the nation is never complete and hence that gains made to create more inclusive or progressive constructions of nationhood are fragile.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- I Theoretical Reflections on the Notion and Work of Multimodality -- Bridging the Gap between Here and There: Combining Multimodal Analysis from International Perspectives (Janina Wildfeuer) -- Issues in Multimodality: Reflecting on Definitions, Transcription, and Analysis (Diane Mavers) -- From Text Linguistics to Multimodality: Mapping Concepts and Methods Across Domains (Hartmut Stöckl) -- Cognitively-Oriented Semiotics as a Common Descriptive Framework for Pictorial and Verbal Representations (Alina Kwiatkowska) -- II Methods for Multimodality Research -- Spotlight on the Image: Adding the Missing Visual Piece to the Multimodal Puzzle (Ognyan Seizov) -- Visual Rhetoric and Cognitive Semantics: The Relevance of Entrenched Conceptual Patterns for the Reconstruction of Visual and Multimodal Arguments (Sandra Handl) -- Conflicts and Pictures: A Study of Images and Agonality in Discourse (Anna Mattfeldt) -- Multimodality in Perspective: Creating a Synergy of the Discourse Historical Approach and the Framework of Visual Grammar (Shaimaa El Naggar) -- Structure and Multimodal Texts (Wendy L. Bowcher) -- III Empirical and Experimental Approaches to Multimodal Analysis -- Automatic Classification of Iconic Images Based on a Multimodal Model: An Interdisciplinary Project ([Simone Paolo Ponzetto] [Hartmut Wessler] [Lydia Weiland] [Stephan Kopf] [Wolfgang Effelsberg] [Heiner Stuckenschmidt]) -- On the Use of Different Modalities in Political Communication: Evidence from German Election Manifestos ([Marc Debus] [Heiner Stuckenschmidt] [Hartmut Wessler]) -- Seeing the Unforeseen: Eye-Tracking Reading Paths in Multimodal Webpages ([Martin Kaltenbacher] [Thomas Kaltenbacher]) -- An Experimental Approach to Multimodality: How Musical and Architectural Styles Interact in Aesthetic Perception ([Martin Siefkes] [Emanuele Arielli])

Hijjas Kasturi is probably the most well known Malay Muslim architect in Malaysia and in Asia. He has been in practice for 50 years and is known for many of his iconic building designs throughout Malaysia and the Muslim world. This paper attempts to provide important insights into Hijjas's ideas of Islam as a religion and its practice in the modern world. With this insight, we can better place his design approach in Islamic architecture as a product of both his modernist ideology bred from his education background and his rootedness into the Malay Muslim social and political contexts. Hijjas has been consistent in his design approach in that he had never given in to the client's request for a more traditional approach which usually means the revivalistic or eclectic design direction. In an era when the Muslim world is struggling between the extremism of traditional Islam and modern life inn the social and political arena, it is important to look at design as part and parcel of not only an art of building but also a holistic product of the reinterpretation of the religion in a new and progressive light. This research provides Hijjas own thoughts through an interview of which excerpts from that session are used in this paper.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the place and role of semiotics in the political space. It is reported that an analysis of the political system, as a system that produces itself through signs, allows it to be understood through a system of codes. This subject is devoted to the research of R. Barthes, U. Eco, V. Flusser, G. Kress, Т. van Leeuwen and other representatives of Western science. Due to encoding, not only the political reality, but also its perception and political experience extend. But iconic signs, like the structure of a semiosis, do not retransmit political reality, but substitute it. Hidden codes are used here that influence the development of recognition and perception of political reality. The practice of perceiving iconic signs becomes the building of collective reflection on the sign that forms the attitude toward the political one.

Steve Case, New York Times bestselling author of The Third Wave and cofounder of America Online shows how entrepreneurs across the country are building groundbreaking companies, renewing communities, and creating new jobs--reimagining the American landscape "and [giving] us hope for America's future" (Ken Burns). In 2014, Steve Case launched Revolution's Rise of the Rest, an initiative to accelerate the growth of tech startups across the country. Rise of the Rest is based on a simple idea: cities can be renewed and rise again if they develop a vibrant startup culture. A visionary entrepreneur himself, Case believes that great entrepreneurs can be found anywhere, and can thrive with the proper support and investment. In fact, they're key to the American DNA. After all, America itself was a startup. It struggled to get going and almost didn't make it. Today it's the leader of the free world, in part because it has the world's largest economy--a testament to several generations of pioneering entrepreneurs. But America needs help keeping its promises, as it is harder today for innovators who live outside the major tech hubs. For most of the past decade, seventy-five percent of venture capital has gone to just three states--California, New York, and Massachusetts--while the forty-seven states making up the rest of the country have been forced to share the remaining twenty-five percent. And it's even harder for some people no matter where they live. Less than ten percent of venture capital currently goes to female founders, and less than one percent to Black founders. Since new companies--startups--are responsible for net new job creation, it is essential that entrepreneurs everywhere have the opportunity to start and scale companies. Rise of the Rest is about leveling the playing field for everybody, and in the process creating opportunity and jobs for the people and places that have been left behind. This book tells that story and provides a hopeful perspective on the future of America. In The Rise of the Rest: How Entrepreneurs in Surprising Places are Building the New American Dream, Case takes readers on an exhilarating journey into the startup communities that are transforming cities nationwide. Rise of the Rest's signature road trips, on a big red tour bus, have created significant local and national buzz and spotlighted communities large and small that have committed to a new tech-enabled future. Along the way, Case introduces readers to dozens of entrepreneurs whose inspirational stories of struggle and achievement match the most iconic examples of American invention. To date, Case has traveled to forty-three cities on his Rise of the Rest bus tour and has been featured on 60 Minutes, and in The New York Times, USA TODAY, Fast Company, and The Wall Street Journal. With dedicated venture funds, backed by an iconic group of investors, executives, and entrepreneurs including Jeff Bezos, Eric Schmidt, Meg Whitman, John Doerr, Sara Blakely, and Ray Dalio, Rise of the Rest also invests in the most promising high-growth startups located anywhere in the US outside of Silicon Valley, New York City, and Boston. The fund has invested in more than 175 companies across more than eighty cities, including: Phoenix, Chattanooga, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Louisville, Baltimore, Columbus, St. Louis, Green Bay, Madison, Buffalo, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Cincinnati, Miami, Dallas, Salt Lake City, Omaha, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, Nashville, Indianapolis, New Orleans, and dozens of others.--

This paper focuses on the neglect of the heritage of the seaside holiday in England. Many seaside towns feature an idiosyncratic architecture dedicated to entertainment and pleasure which, until recently, was rarely considered in terms of heritage. The paper examines why this heritage has long been neglected, arguing that seaside architecture – associated with fun and entertainment among predominantly working-class tourists – was misaligned with conventional ways of defining heritage. The paper then examines the changing evaluation of this heritage in recent decades. There is growing popular nostalgia for the seaside holiday, along with emerging local activism dedicated to preserving iconic buildings associated with the seaside holiday. Furthermore, national and local policy initiatives have mobilised seaside heritage within economic and social regeneration strategies. Consequently, the heritage of the seaside holiday is increasingly valorised within place promotion, and some seaside towns are repositioning themselves as destinations for heritage tourism. The heritage of the seaside holiday illustrates how conceptions of heritage can be challenged and reshaped by various external political and social factors. It is significant that the state (both national and local) and its agencies are leading the way in this process.