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This article analyzes the trends and implications of recent federal aid to state and local government for infrastructure purposes. The first section describes general trends for federal infrastructure and the second section examines identified characteristics in the context of fiscal federalism theory. The authors identify an ad hoc trend in the federal infrastructure grant policy and a trend focusing on maximizing the efficiency of infrastructure grants

The article outlines a four step framework for improving infrastructure planning, programming and investment decision-making. It grew out of discussions held between the Governor of California's Office staff and State Assembly and State Senate members in 2008. The purpose of the paper is twofold: first to define an overarching policy framework on performance-based infrastructure; and second to outline how California might launch a series of integrated policy and program initiatives to provide high-quality infrastructure services. While focused on California, the paper is relevant for policy makers in other states and countries who are interested in improving infrastructure delivery and performance.