Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Epidemiology and Prevention -- Organization of the Book -- Chapter 2 Injuries in Relation to Other Health Problems -- Injuries as a Cause of Death -- Trends in Mortality from Injuries and Other Causes -- Societal Costs -- Physician Contacts -- Hospital Admissions -- Chapter 3 Overview of Injury Mortality -- Age and Sex -- Race and Per Capita Income -- Urban/Rural and Geographic Differences -- Temporal Variation -- Historical Trends -- Chapter 4 Unintentional Injury -- Age and Sex -- Race and Per Capita Income -- Urban/Rural and Geographic Differences -- Temporal Variation -- Historical Trends -- Chapter 5 Suicide -- Age and Sex -- Race and Per Capita Income -- Urban/Rural and Geographic Differences -- Temporal Variation -- Historical Trends -- Chapter 6 Homicide -- Age and Sex -- Race and Per Capita Income -- Urban/Rural and Geographic Differences -- Temporal Variation -- Historical Trends -- Chapter 7 Sports and Recreation -- Preventive Approaches -- Chapter 8 Aviation and Rail Transportation -- Aviation -- Characteristics of Crashes -- Age, Sex, and Race -- Geographic Factors -- Season, Day, and Time -- Time Trends and Preventive Measures -- Railroads -- Age, Sex, and Race -- Season -- Historical Trends and Preventive Measures -- Chapter 9 Occupational Injury -- Nonfatal Injury -- Age and Sex -- Per Capita Income and Race -- Geographic Differences -- Temporal Variation -- Occupation and Industry -- Historical Trends and Preventive Measures -- Chapter 10 Falls -- Place of Injury -- Age and Sex -- Race and Per Capita Income -- Urban/Rural and Geographic Differences -- Historical Trends -- Preventive Measures -- Chapter 11 Firearms -- Age and Sex -- Race and Per Capita Income -- Urban/Rural and Geographic Differences -- Season and Type of Weapon -- Historical Trends -- Preventive Measures.

Penetrating spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relatively rare entity affecting mainly young males and military personnel worldwide. These injuries are the source of permanent disabilities to the affected patient and family and have substantial social and economic concerns. This chapter is an overview of the common penetrating spinal cord injuries, their incidence worldwide, causes, primary evaluation, and treatment including medical treatment and late definitive surgical treatment. It also describes common complications and strategies preventing secondary and collateral damage and disability.

Moral injury describes the effects of violence on veterans beyond what trauma discourse can describe. I put moral injury in conversation with a separate but related concept, dirty hands. Focusing on Michael Walzer's framing of dirty hands and Jonathan Shay's understanding of moral injury, I argue that moral injury can be seen as part of the dirt of a political leader's dirty hands decisions. Such comparison can focus more attention on the broader institutional context in which such dirty hands decisions are executed, while contributing to the growing vocabulary of moral conflict, trauma, and harm. ; Moral injury describes the effects of violence on veterans beyond what trauma discourse can describe. I put moral injury in conversation with a separate but related concept, dirty hands. Focusing on Michael Walzer's framing of dirty hands and Jonathan Shay's understanding of moral injury, I argue that moral injury can be seen as part of the dirt of a political leader's dirty hands decisions. Such comparison can focus more attention on the broader institutional context in which such dirty hands decisions are executed, while contributing to the growing vocabulary of moral conflict, trauma, and harm.

Eligibility for public benefits may require an injury investigation. The thoroughness of the investigation is a policy decision of the government. An investigative authority chooses the optimal effort to infer from a noisy signal (business plan) the quality of management and market conditions when a firm petitions for benefits. Under plausible conditions, firms will underperform to raise the probability of an affirmative verdict, and the authority will expend low investigative effort. Good and bad managers will obtain relief under adverse market conditions. This is preferred by good managers, as they do not have to separate by sending a costly signal.

Injuries in men's elite ice hockey have been studied over the past 40 years, however, there is a lack of consensus on definitions of both injury and athlete exposure. These inconsistencies compromise the reliability and comparability of the research. While many individual studies report injury rates in ice hockey, we are not aware of any literature reviews that have evaluated the definitions of injury and athlete exposure in men's elite ice hockey. The purpose of this integrative review was to investigate the literature on hockey musculoskeletal injury to determine injury rates and synthesize information about the definitions of injury and athlete exposure. Injury rates varied from 13.8/1000 game athlete exposures to 121/1000 athlete exposures as measured by player-game hours. The majority of variability between studies is explained by differences in the definitions of both injury and athlete exposure. We were unable to find a consensus injury definition in elite ice hockey. In addition, we were unable to observe a consistent athlete exposure metric. We recommend that a consistent injury definition be adopted to evaluate injury risk in elite ice hockey. We recommend that injuries should be defined by a strict list that includes facial lacerations, dental injuries, and fractures. We also recommend that athlete exposure should be quantified using player-game hours.

At least 5 million people die each year from injuries, and about half the deaths in the 10-24 age group are accountable to them. This is a major health problem for which a number of strategies for prevention and control can be developed.This book presents a series of the plenary and state-of-the-art presentations from the 5th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Control. There is a focus on transportation, workplace, sport and leisure, and domestic sectors, and an exploration of the legal, medical, environmental, safety and governmental issues which play a part in the subject.Practitioner

Blast injuries are an increasing problem in both military and civilian practice. Primary blast injury to the lungs (blast lung) is found in a clinically significant proportion of casualties from explosions even in an open environment, and in a high proportion of severely injured casualties following explosions in confined spaces. Blast casualties also commonly suffer secondary and tertiary blast injuries resulting in significant blood loss. The presence of hypoxaemia owing to blast lung complicates the process of fluid resuscitation. Consequently, prolonged hypotensive resuscitation was found to be incompatible with survival after combined blast lung and haemorrhage. This article describes studies addressing new forward resuscitation strategies involving a hybrid blood pressure profile (initially hypotensive followed later by normotensive resuscitation) and the use of supplemental oxygen to increase survival and reduce physiological deterioration during prolonged resuscitation. Surprisingly, hypertonic saline dextran was found to be inferior to normal saline after combined blast injury and haemorrhage. New strategies have therefore been developed to address the needs of blast-injured casualties and are likely to be particularly useful under circumstances of enforced delayed evacuation to surgical care.

The war in Iraq unleashed disastrous global instability—from the strengthening of Al-Qaeda, to the creation of ISIS, and civil war in Syria accompanied by a massive exodus of refugees. The war in Afghanistan is continuing in perpetuity, with no clear goals or objectives other than the United States' commitment to its sunk cost. The so-called war on terror is a vague catch-all phrase for a military campaign against moving targets and goalposts, with no end date and no conceivable way to declare victory. The toll of these wars on civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan and elsewhere in the Middle East, on US troops, and on the US economy is staggering. But these ambiguous campaigns are also fundamentally changing US state identity—its view of itself, its role in the world, and its commitment to a liberal international order. They are producing profound anxiety in the US body politic and anxiety in US relationships with other international actors. To understand the sources and consequences of this anxiety, we adopt an ontological security perspective on state identity. We enrich ontological security scholarship by introducing the concept of moral injury and its three main consequences: loss of control, ethical anxiety, and relational harm. We demonstrate how the concept of moral injury illuminates some of the most central anxieties at the core of US identity, offering a new understanding of our global moment of crisis.

The argument of R. Nozick (Anarchy, State, and Utopia, New York: Basic Books, 1975) that only a state limited to protection against coercion is justifiable, is flawed by Nozick's failure to articulate the substantive laws which the state may enforce. In fact, it is not valid to legitimatize the state by its enforcement of law; rather, law is legitimized by being created by the state, when the state is legitimate. The state's role cannot be limited to remedying acknowledged injuries, but must include determining what is, & what is not an injury. A state which has such powers of discretion cannot be limited in that sense; what is central to legitimacy, rather, is putting control in the proper hands. The people must play a role in deciding what the state's powers will be. The proper procedure is to derive from the state's legitimacy the brakes on its power which must exist for it to remain legitimate. W. H. Stoddard.

AbstractThe association between deprivation and accidental dwelling fire injuries was examined in Merseyside which has a high proportion of deprived areas. For the years 2006 to 2016, over half of the accidental dwelling fire injuries in Merseyside occurred in deprived areas, and almost three quarters of alcohol and drug related accidental dwelling fire injuries occurred in such areas. In particular, we examine the relationship between the established accidental dwelling fire injury risk factors of old age, disability and alcohol and drug consumption and the level of deprivation. There were strong correlations between deprivation and the overall number of fire injuries, and between deprivation and fire injuries relating to alcohol/drug consumption, disability/mobility related fire injuries, and fire injuries sustained by those aged 65+.