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Preliminary Material /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter I. Methodology For Determining A Uniform System Of International Criminal Law Defenses /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter II. International Criminal Law Defenses Originating From Customary International Law /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter III. International Criminal Law Defenses Originating From Comparative Criminal Law /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter IV. The Diverging Position Of Criminal Law Defenses Before The Icty And Icc: Contemporary Developments /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter V. Individual And Institutional Command Responsibility And The International Regulation Of Armed Conflicts /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter VI. International Criminal Law Defenses And The International Regulation Of Armed Conflicts /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter VII. Self-Defense By States And Individuals In The Law Of War /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter VIII. Contemporary And New Technical Issues Of International Criminal Law Defenses /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Chapter IX. A New Concept Of International Due Process /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Selected Bibliography /G.-J. A. Knoops -- Index /G.-J. A. Knoops.

In a decade defined by fake news, nations have weaponized disinformation to attack political, legal, and social systems throughout the world. Specifically, in recent years, government leaders have spread fake news about the International Criminal Court ("ICC") in efforts to turn public opinion against the ICC and deter its attempts to investigate and prosecute controversial cases. Given the ICC's reliance on state party cooperation, not only does this use of fake news hamper the Court's likelihood of successfully prosecuting crimes that are of most concern to the international community, but it also promotes a version of history that denies victims both truth and justice. This paper will specifically examine how the governments of the United States and Israel have utilized fake news to deter ongoing ICC investigations into crimes allegedly committed by U.S. and Israeli nationals, and the detrimental effects of these news campaigns. This paper will then identify changes necessary to better protect the ICC—and international criminal law more generally—against fake news campaigns, including the need for greater clarity and widespread global knowledge of the ICC's powers and jurisdictional reach.

AbstractHumanitarian actors sometimes have to decide whether to render assistance in situations that put them at risk of liability for aiding and abetting under international criminal law. This is the problem of the virtuous accomplice—the idea that knowingly contributing to the wrongdoing of others might, exceptionally, be the right thing to do. This article explains why the problem arises and clarifies its scope, before turning to criminal law in England and Wales and Germany to assess potential solutions. It argues that the best approach is to accept a defence of necessity—of justified complicity—and shows that such an argument works in international criminal law.

Although
as old as politics itself, terrorism as an international security problem has
not yet received its unique definition. The purpose of this paper is to
consider the necessity having a generally accepted definition of terrorism in
the form of political violence as the basis on which terrorism will find its
place in international criminal law. The first part of the paper is dedicated
to the general consideration of international criminal law and the
International Criminal Court. The second part of the paper examines the
existing definitions of terrorism and analyzes terrorism as a crime in
international criminal law. Terrorism has long transcended national borders and
is no longer a threat only to sovereign states but also to international peace
and the security of both the individual and society as a whole. With the
expansion of terrorism and increasingly brutal ways of expressing this type of
crime, there is a need for even closer international criminal cooperation of
sovereign states in the development of legal mechanisms for the prevention and
punishment of perpetrators of these criminal acts. By reviewing relevant
literature concerning itself with such topics and comparing different
understandings of the concept of terrorism from legal, political, and security
science sources, we conclude that clarifying the definition of terrorism as an
international security problem will, lead to its complete characterization as
an international criminal act.