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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how, despite increasing data availability from a wide range of sources unlocks unprecedented opportunities for disaster risk reduction, data interoperability remains a challenge due to a number of barriers. As a first step to enhancing data interoperability for disaster risk reduction is to identify major barriers, this paper presents a case study on data interoperability in disaster risk reduction in Europe, linking current barriers to the regional initiative of the European Science and Technology Advisory Group. Design/methodology/approach – In support of Priority 2 ("Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk") of the Sendai Framework and SDG17 ("Partnerships for the goals"), this paper presents a case study on barriers to data interoperability in Europe based on a series of reviews, surveys and interviews with National Sendai Focal Points and stakeholders in science and research, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations and industry. Findings – For a number of European countries, there remains a clear imbalance between long-term disaster risk reduction and short-term preparation and the dominant role of emergency relief, response and recovery,pointing to the potential of investments in ex ante measures with better inclusion and exploitation of data. Originality/value – Modern society is facing a digital revolution. As highlighted by the International Council of Science and the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, digital technology offers profound opportunities for science to discover unsuspected patterns and relationships in nature and society, on scales from the molecular to the cosmic, from local health systems to global sustainability. It has created the potential for disciplines of science to synergize into a holistic understanding of the complex challenges currently confronting humanity; the Sustainable Development Goals are a direct reflectance of this. Interdisciplinary is obtained with integration of data across relevant disciplines. However, a barrier to realization and exploitation of this potential arises from the incompatible data standards and nomenclatures used in different disciplines. Although the problem has been addressed by several initiatives, the following challenge still remains: to make online data integration a routine.

Leatherbound ledger with accounting entries, and lists of items, by various unidentified individuals dated from 1909 to 1934.BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The Day Family were anglo Indian traders, on the Navajo Reservation in eastern Arizona. The collection includes the personal and business papers of Sam Day, Sr. (1845-1925) surveyor, Indian trader, legislator and United States Indian Commissioner; Anna Day, Sam Sr.'s wife (1872-1932); and of their children, Charles L. Day (1879-1918), Samuel Day, Jr. (1889-1944), United States deputy Marshall. The collection includes information on Navajo culture, stories and legends; the looting of Canyon del Muerta, and the Frank Dugan murder.

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been using miscellaneous obligations for over 60 years to record estimates of obligations to be incurred at a later time. The large percentage of procurements recorded as miscellaneous obligations in fiscal year 2007 raised questions about whether proper controls were in place over the authorization and use of billions of dollars. GAO's testimony provides preliminary findings related to (1) how VHA used miscellaneous obligations during fiscal year 2007, and (2) whether the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA) policies and procedures were designed to provide adequate controls over their authorization and use. GAO recently provided its related draft report to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs for review and comment and plans to issue its final report as a follow-up to this testimony. GAO obtained and analyzed available VHA data on miscellaneous obligations, reviewed VA policies and procedures, and reviewed a nongeneralizable sample of 42 miscellaneous obligations at three case study locations. GAO's related draft report includes four recommendations to strengthen internal controls governing the authorization and use of miscellaneous obligations, in compliance with applicable federal appropriations law and internal control standards."

The pervasiveness of the entrepreneurial phenomenon draws scholars' attention to what determines the decision to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial decisions imply judgemental decisions. Different approaches in economics conceive such judgemental decisions as firm entry, or real investment in the creation of a new business, or making a career choice in favour of a particular type of self-employment. In this paper, the literature on entrepreneurs' features, motives, and markets is enriched with theoretical and empirical results from industrial organization, financial economics, and labour economics. © 2012 Copyright International Journal of the Economics of Business.

We study the impact on a country's economy of sharing a direct land border with a country experiencing conflict. Through analyzing sixty-three major episodes of regional instability during the period between 1990 and 2016 by using panel data methods applied to unrestricted error correction model, the opportunity cost of such regional conflict is examined. The resulting estimates of GDP loss are most profound for countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Regional turmoil resulting from conflict has been found to have significantly reduced GDP growth in Angola, China, Kuwait, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Tanzania, with estimates ranging from over 3% to 7% average reductions in GDP growth rate using both pooled OLS and fixed effects estimations (with an international average of 0.95% and 1.18% respectively). This considerable opportunity costs of military expenditure raise an important and challenging question to the concerned governments about the economic and social rightfulness of this expenditure and whether their people ultimately pay the price for the government decisions of increasing military spending.

UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020 ; In today's world, digitalization, the virtual and being permanently online become normality, corresponding to individuals' current and future expectations, with an increasing impact, without forgetting those excluded from this reality (digital divide). Society 5.0 seeks to foster this reality. As a concept initially politicalideological, Society 5.0 currently allows for the development of various analyses on this process of shaping a society where the digital is increasingly present at the service of sustainable social and economic development- A super-smart society. This paper aims to develop an analysis of the challenges that old and new potential social inequalities pose to social inclusion in this super-smart society. The methodology used in this study is qualitative. The authors carried out a search for publications in the field under study in several international databases and used the technique of content analysis. The results allow concluding that, while it is certain that the concept of Society 5.0 initially had a Japanese national dimension, it tends, with modifications considering the distinct features of several countries, to be applied by those regions of the globe that seek future sustainable development (economic, social and environmental). ; publishersversion ; published

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In September 2008, GAO reported internal control weaknesses over the Veteran Health Administration's (VHA) use of $6.9 billion in miscellaneous obligations in fiscal year 2007. In November 2009, GAO reported on deficiencies in corrective action plans to remediate financial reporting control deficiencies. This testimony is based on these previous reports that focused on (1) VHA miscellaneous obligation control deficiencies and (2) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) financial reporting control deficiencies and VA plans to correct them. For its review of VHA miscellaneous obligations, GAO evaluated VA's policies and procedures and documentation, interviewed cognizant agency officials, and conducted case studies at three VHA medical centers. For its review of financial reporting control deficiencies, GAO evaluated VA financial audit reports from fiscal years 2000 to 2008 and analyzed related corrective action plans."

Born June 8, 1921, in Paris, Texas, Gordon McLendon served as an interpreter in the U.S. Navy during World War II. In 1947, he established KLIF radio in Dallas, Texas. At the same time, he began the Liberty Broadcasting System, an independent affiliation that encompassed over 400 radio stations during its five years of operation. McLendon was a pioneer in recreating sporting events, using the voice of the "Old Scotsman." During the 1950s he developed the top 40 format (rapid fire music, news and contests). McLendon also owned a string of drive-in theaters, produced several motion pictures, and developed advertising campaigns for over 150 movies. In 1964, he campaigned for the Democratic nomination to the U.S. Senate against Ralph Yarborough. Over the course of his career, McLendon owned twenty-four radio stations. He died in 1986. ; The collection includes editorials, political files, political campaign materials, movie promotions, business correspondence, and radio station policy books. Additionally, there are recordings in various formats of interviews, editorials, soundtracks, movie promotions, easy listening music, documentaries, and advertisements. Of special interest are some of McLendon's editorials, including a series critical of Charles DeGaulle. ; The second and largest part of the collection is comprised of various forms of sound recordings. The sound recordings include sixteen and twelve-inch discs of radio programs, jingles, soundtracks, music, and historical recordings.

Pest management and phytosanitary trade barriers -- Agricultural warfare and bioterrorism using invasive species -- Plant regulatory organisations -- Managing risk of pest introduction, establishment and spread in a changing world -- Systems and related approaches to pest risk management -- Development of postharvest phytosanitary disinfestation treatments -- Disinfestation with cold -- Phytosanitary heat schedules -- Phytosanitation with ionising radiation -- Disinfestation by fumigation -- Disinfestation with modified (controlled) atmosphere storage -- Disinfestation with postharvest pesticide treatments -- Miscellaneous phytosanitary treatments

Born June 8, 1921, in Paris, Texas, Gordon McLendon served as an interpreter in the U.S. Navy during World War II. In 1947, he established KLIF radio in Dallas, Texas. At the same time, he began the Liberty Broadcasting System, an independent affiliation that encompassed over 400 radio stations during its five years of operation. McLendon was a pioneer in recreating sporting events, using the voice of the "Old Scotsman." During the 1950s he developed the top 40 format (rapid fire music, news and contests). McLendon also owned a string of drive-in theaters, produced several motion pictures, and developed advertising campaigns for over 150 movies. In 1964, he campaigned for the Democratic nomination to the U.S. Senate against Ralph Yarborough. Over the course of his career, McLendon owned twenty-four radio stations. He died in 1986. ; The collection includes editorials, political files, political campaign materials, movie promotions, business correspondence, and radio station policy books. Additionally, there are recordings in various formats of interviews, editorials, soundtracks, movie promotions, easy listening music, documentaries, and advertisements. Of special interest are some of McLendon's editorials, including a series critical of Charles DeGaulle. ; The second and largest part of the collection is comprised of various forms of sound recordings. The sound recordings include sixteen and twelve-inch discs of radio programs, jingles, soundtracks, music, and historical recordings.

Born June 8, 1921, in Paris, Texas, Gordon McLendon served as an interpreter in the U.S. Navy during World War II. In 1947, he established KLIF radio in Dallas, Texas. At the same time, he began the Liberty Broadcasting System, an independent affiliation that encompassed over 400 radio stations during its five years of operation. McLendon was a pioneer in recreating sporting events, using the voice of the "Old Scotsman." During the 1950s he developed the top 40 format (rapid fire music, news and contests). McLendon also owned a string of drive-in theaters, produced several motion pictures, and developed advertising campaigns for over 150 movies. In 1964, he campaigned for the Democratic nomination to the U.S. Senate against Ralph Yarborough. Over the course of his career, McLendon owned twenty-four radio stations. He died in 1986. ; The collection includes editorials, political files, political campaign materials, movie promotions, business correspondence, and radio station policy books. Additionally, there are recordings in various formats of interviews, editorials, soundtracks, movie promotions, easy listening music, documentaries, and advertisements. Of special interest are some of McLendon's editorials, including a series critical of Charles DeGaulle. ; The second and largest part of the collection is comprised of various forms of sound recordings. The sound recordings include sixteen and twelve-inch discs of radio programs, jingles, soundtracks, music, and historical recordings.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how flood management practitioners rationalise the emergence of sustainable flood management. Key to this analysis are differences rooted in assumptions over what flood management is and should do. Design/methodology/approach: The popularity of natural flood management offers a case with which to explore how a dominant framing persists and how individuals at the government-public interface negotiate different visions of future flood management. The authors draw on the perceptions of flood experts, elucidating a deep hold amongst a professional community "grounded" in science and economics, but also their desire to innovate and become more open to innovative practices. Findings : The authors show how the idea of "sustainable" and "natural" flood management are understood by those doing flood management, which is with reference to pre-existing technical practices. Research limitations/implications: This paper explores the views of expert decision making, which suffers from challenges associated with small sample size. As such, the findings must be tempered, but with recognition for the influence of a small group of individuals who determine the nature of flood management in Scotland. Practical implications: The authors conclude that, in the context of this study, a technical framing persists by predetermining the criteria by which innovative techniques are judged. Originality/value: Broadly, these findings contribute to debates over the evolution of flood management regimes. This recognises the importance of events while also emphasising the preparations that shape the context and norms of the flood management community between events.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which institutional convergence has taken place in the new European Union (EU) member states. It does so by contrasting arguments that are inspired by transaction-cost economics within the mainstream international-business literature and contentions within the comparative-capitalisms perspective. A corollary of arguments within the former is that those countries that have less transparent ways of doing business will post poorer economic growth records than those with more predictable and less costly regulations. By contrast, contentions within the comparative-capitalisms literature lead to expectations that a broader set of institutional factors will shape economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: The article adopts a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach to examine the necessary and sufficient causal conditions for economic growth in the region. Findings: There is a great deal of institutional diversity within the new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe. There are no clusters of countries around a specific variety of capitalism or an economic model that has above-average economic growth rates and that is characterized by institutions that lower the costs of market transacting. This, in turn, suggests that convergence pressures are not as great as the mainstream international-business literature has argued. Research limitations/implications: Future research could complement this study by adopting a cross-country, comparative micro- or firm-level approach to examine the ways in which different institutional factors, both individually and collectively, shape the growth of businesses and consequently, economies. Originality/value: Mainstream international business tends to focus on regulation and market-supporting institutions to explain growth in developing economies. This research has shown that a broader view of institutions needs to be adopted, as some countries have been able to post strong economic growth figures despite institutional environments that do not lower the costs of market-based contracting. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.