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Abstract
This article critically examines the use of elite interviews in media and communications policy research. It addresses the fit between various analytical frameworks and elite interviews as a primary source of data, interviewee selection, access, the conduct of interviews and data analysis. It is argued that there is a lack of methodological explanation and reflection in our field of study. Partly, this is determined by the preferences of publishers and space constrains but also a widespread reluctance to engage with methodological issues. This contributes to the diminishing relevance of large amounts of scholarship for policy-makers who tend to privilege studies based on narrowly defined and soundly elaborated empirical methods. Clear and concise methodological rigour, systematization and ethnographic reflexivity, thus, play an incredibly important role.

"The first book dedicated specifically to research methods in the political economy of media and communication, it provides a methodological toolkit to investigate the functioning of media, technology, and cultural industries in their historical, institutional, structural, and systemic contexts. Featuring contributions from across the globe and a variety of methodological perspectives, this volume presents the state of the art in political economy of media and communication methods, articulating those methods with adjacent approaches, to study concentration of ownership and power, pluralism and diversity, regulation and public policies, governance, genderization, and sustainability. This collection charts the methodological innovations critical political economists are adopting to analyse a rapidly transforming digital media landscape, exploring ideology, narratives, socio-analysis and praxis in communication with ethnographic and participatory approaches, as well as designs for quantitative and qualitative methods of textual, discourse and content analysis, network analyses which consider power relations affecting communication, including intersectional oppressions and the new developments taking place in Artificial Intelligence. An essential text for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate students, and researchers in the areas of media, cultural and communication studies, particularly those studying topics such as the political economy of media and/or communication, media and communication theory, and research methods"--

The Socialist government led by António Guterres (1995-1999) has thus inherited highly reformed but poorly regulated media and telecommunications sectors, and - so far - no structural communications policies were either announced or introduced. Basically, the Guterres government is following EU policies, attempting to strengthen existing regulatory bodies, and trying to improve a number of legal instruments. In this paper, we will start by presenting an historical perspective of the Portuguese media and telecommunications. Then, we shall look at the internal and external factors which partly explain the structural changes introduced in both sectors during the Cavaco Silva's governments. After putting forward some of the most relevant aspects of the PSD communications reforms, we will turn our attention to the political intervention of the first Guterres' government in this ...

What are we to make of our digital social lives and the forces that shape it? Should we feel fortunate to experience such networked connectivity? Are we privileged to have access to unimaginable amounts of information? Is it easier to work in a digital global economy? Or is our privacy and freedom under threat from digital surveillance? Our security and welfare being put at risk? Our politics undermined by hidden algorithms and misinformation? Written by a distinguished group of leading scholars from around the world, the Routledge Handbook of Digital Media and Communication provides a comprehensive, unique, and multidisciplinary exploration of this rapidly growing and vibrant field of study. The Handbook adopts a three-part structural framework for understanding the sociocultural impact of digital media: the artifacts or physical devices and systems that people use to communicate; the communicative practices in which they engage to use those devices, express themselves, and share meaning; and the organizational and institutional arrangements, structures, or formations that develop around those practices and artifacts. Comprising a series of essay-chapters on a wide range of topics, this volume crystallizes current knowledge, provides historical context, and critically articulates the challenges and implications of the emerging dominance of the network and normalization of digitally mediated relations. Issues explored include the power of algorithms, digital currency, gaming culture, surveillance, social networking, and connective mobilization. More than a reference work, this Handbook delivers a comprehensive, authoritative overview of the state of new media scholarship and its most important future directions that will shape and animate current debates.

Traditional print & audiovisual media & other communications systems have played a leading part in the Balkan conflicts of the last decade & continue to do so. This essay examines their impact & that of the new technologies & contends that while there have been major changes in the production, dissemination, & use of information, they have not been particularly effective in helping to bring about fundamental change in the attitudes & aspirations of the many ethnic entities & nationalities of the Balkans. All sides in the Balkans have taken part in the Information War in the hope of influencing their own publics, & affecting the perceptions of their opponents. A variety of methods have been used with varying degrees of success, & yet none seem to have produced lasting results in the short to medium term. The traditional print & broadcast Balkan media retain their importance & to a great extent their historical ethnic & political affiliations. Some changes have occurred, but probably not as many as outside observers had hoped for. 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

This editorial introduces the thematic issue of "Media and Communication between the Local and the Global". It does so first by presenting the origin of this thematic issue: the
Media, Globalization and Social Change division at the NordMedia 2017 conference. The thematic issue is then anchored theoretically through discussion of the widely conceived notion of mediation as a technological, symbolic and ethical process - highlighting the interest in how media actors and communication technologies, practices and artefacts mediate between global phenomena and local contexts, which is what unites the contributions to this thematic issue. Last, the final section of this editorial introduces the articles, which coalesce around three broad themes: migration, marginalised communities, and consumption.