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Military technology is difficult to restrain for many reasons. Military forces and associated technology serve important functions in the foreign policy of states. Military technology is also pursued to enhance military capability and cost-effectiveness of military forces, to ensure that one's own forces outperform those of an adversary, to play symbolic roles, and to preserve or improve stability in the international system. In addition, new military technology and new systems are advocated by military services and military equipment manufacturers for organizational and economic as well as strategic reasons. To date, arms control agreements have not significantly restrained innovation in military technology, nor are they likely to do so in the future. This is a result of asymmetries between the forces of the United States and the Soviet Union and of the intrinsic difficulties of designing arms control agreements that restrain technological innovation m ways that are both meaningful and verifiable. Although the difficulty of restraining military technology should temper expectations for both nuclear and con ventional arms control, there is no reason to believe that meaningful arms control will be rendered impossible as a consequence.

Introduction: Theoretical and comparative perspectives on innovation and diffusion / Leslie C. Eliason and Emily O. Goldman -- Heart of the Sepoy: the adoption and adaptation of European military practice in South Asia, 1740-1805 / John A. Lynn -- Armies of snow and armies of sand: the impact of Soviet military doctrine on Arab militaries / Michael J. Eisenstadt and Kenneth M. Pollack -- Cooperative diffusion through cultural similarity: the postwar Anglo-Saxon experience / Thomas-Durell Young -- Reflections on mirror images: politics and technology in the arsenals of the Warsaw Pact / Christopher Jones -- The diffusion of nuclear weapons / William C. Potter -- Revolution and counter-revolution: the role of the periphery in technological and conceptual innovation / Timothy D. Hoyt -- Military diffusion in nineteenth-century Europe: the Napoleonic and Prussian military systems / Geoffrey L. Herrara and Thomas G. Mahnken -- Beyond blitzkreig: Allied responses to combined-arms armored warfare during World War II / Thomas G. Mahnken -- Receptivity to revolution: carrier air power in peace and war / Emily O. Goldman -- Creating the enemy: global diffusion of the information technology-based military model / Chris D. Demchak -- Patterns of commercial diffusion / John Arquilla -- Conclusion: The diffusion of military technology and ideas, theory and practice / Emily O. Goldman and Andrew L. Ross