Suchergebnisse

Modern economic science studies the behavior of an individual making choice in conditions of limited resources, and seeking to satisfy his own interests as a result of this choice. Economics is a social science as it studies the behavior of an individual which involves the interests of other people and communities. Economics is close to natural sciences as it considers the behavior of an individual in a material world of limited resources. Besides, a human being may be considered as a material system in which there are certain biological processes influencing its behavior. The question of how fully can economics use methodological assumptions of natural sciences, is sharply debatable. The author's position is that the cooperation between economics and natural sciences has both objective grounds and objective problems. In any case, economics is not a natural science, and the natural sciences shouldn't have a priority in this dialogue. It is only a new stage in self-reflection of different sciences. The importance of this research is defined by the need of studying the scientific status of economics and the prospects of its development in terms of the subject and methodology.

Die Erörterung der Themenfrage wird mit der Vorausantwort: 'ja selbstverständlich nein' eröffnet. Dieser Widerspruch, der sich in der Antwort zeigt, weist auf das zu klärende Problem hin, ob es ein Widerspruch ist, sich der ganzen Wirklichkeit des Menschen als Gesellschaftswesen nur mit naturwissenschaftlichen oder sozial- und geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnismethoden bemächtigen zu wollen. Verläßt man die Ebene der Klassifizierung von Wissenschaften, geht man also nicht davon aus, daß es sich um inkompatible Sichtweisen der Wirklichkeit handelt, so wird sehr schnell deutlich, daß die Verfahren der Erkenntnisgewinnung und Wissenssicherung Unterschiede aber auch viele Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen. Letztendlich gibt es einen Schnittpunkt, an der sich alle Wissenschaft vereinigt, nämlich am Menschen, der zu wissen sucht. (NG)

One of the main statements of the work is that in the analysis of development prospects it is necessary to rely on the very roots, the origins of the develop­ment of our civilization, and it is on their philosophical foundations that set the vector of the development of civilization for the future, for many centuries to come. This was pointed out by V.S. Stepin, who, speaking about the philo­sophical foundations of modern science, distinguished the ontological and cate­gorical grids of concepts that are always used when thinking about the future. In many of his works, M. Heidegger spoke about the same, and even more defi­nitely. It is necessary to critically analyze the mathematical method of modern natural science, possible risks and dangers in applying this method to the hu­man world. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the natural science method in the works of Heidegger. This method is associated with the philosophy of Descartes. As Heidegger shows, from the Cartesian concept of the evidence of the "thinking self", the evidence of mathematical rules follows. These rules are associated with the key concept of measurability, or computability of the physi­cal world. Heidegger connects this computability with the concept of objec­tification. In principle, a person is not objectified, but modern science tries to consider him within the framework of its quantitative method. Heidegger states that such an approach will inevitably lead to the appearance of a human machine. In conclusion, the paper raises the question of the role of quantitative methods in physics and philosophy.

This book reflects academically on important and relevant natural scientific disciplines, important technologies and related media to determine and communicate the moral issues and challenges within those specific fields of study, and how to deal with them morally and from a multidimensional South African context. It aims to add scientific, technological and ethical value, locally and globally, by reflecting mainly from the viewpoint of a specific scholars, writing about the most pressing moral issues or challenges raised by problems within their specific field of study. It is written mainly from a qualitative methodological perspective, including autobiographical and participatory views. The co-authors present in respective chapters their research systematically and intersectionally, based on profound theoretical analysis and reasoning. Current research in the basic and implied sciences and technologies requires sound ethical practice based on a defensible moral stance. Moral norms, in our view, are deeply grounded and evolved convictions about justice and injustice, right and wrong, good and bad. It is not about rules. This scholarly book combines the insights and expertise of established South African scholars from different disciplines and backgrounds. The contributors are all deeply committed to the value and validity of science and ethical practice across the moral spectrum. Open and responsible discussions around this topic can lead to the introduction of moral guidelines and regulations to protect the rights of individuals, animals and the environment, while simultaneously facilitating the growth of scientific practice. This collected work, with its very specific and carefully selected grouping of academic fields, aims to innovatively assist in alleviating the shortage of academic publications reflecting on the moral issues in these specific fields.