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Drawing on new archival documents and interviews, this book demonstrates the evolving role of international politics in Olympic security planning. Olympic security concerns changed forever following the terrorist attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committees (IOC) choice to ignore security after the attack in Munich left individual Olympic Games Organizing Committees to organize, fund, and provide security for the major international event. Future Olympic hosts planned security amidst increasing numbers of international terrorist attacks, and with the Cold War in full swing. For some Olympic hosts, Olympic security now represented their nations largest ever military operations. By the time the IOC made security more of a priority in the early 1980s, the trends in Olympic security were set for the future. Austin Duckworth is an independent scholar who most recently worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University, Denmark. He completed his Ph. D. at the University of Texas at Austin, USA in Physical Culture and Sports Studies. His research interests are international relations, security, and sport.

A chapter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on government funding and support for the Olympic Games, focusing on: (1) the amount of federal funding and support provided to the 1984 and 1996 Summer Olympic Games, and planned for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, and the types of projects and activities that were funded and supported; (2) the federal policies, legislative authorizations, and agency controls in place for providing the federal funds and support to the Olympic Games; and (3) whether federal funding for certain Olympic-related projects was provided in accordance with applicable laws and regulations."

Title and text in German and English. ; pt. I. The Olympic games in ancient times, by Sp. P. Lambros and N. G. Polites [!] . with a prologue by Timoleon Philemon, secretary general of the Olympic games : tr. from the Greek by C. A.--pt. II. The Olympic games in 1896, by Pierre de Coubertin, Timoleon J. Philemon, N. G. Politis and Charalambos Anninos: English translation by A. v. K. "Deutsche uebersetzung von dr. Mich. Deffner". ; Mode of access: Internet.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the: (1) amount of federal funding and support provided to the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, California, and the 1996 Olympic Games held in Atlanta, Georgia, and the planned amount for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, Utah; (2) types of Olympic-related projects and activities receiving federal funding and support; (3) federal policies and legislative authorizations for providing federal funding and support; and (4) procedures existing to ensure that federal funding and support were properly awarded and used."

Intellectual property rights, especially trademarks, played an important role in organization and promotion of the Olympic Games and commercial exploitation of sport. In fact, without granting intellectual property rights related to the Olympic Games there would be nothing to be exploited and nothing to commercialize as well as no income would be generated. If there were no financial returns the sport events would not look like this these days. As still growing part of economic value of sport is connected with intellectual property rights the protection of symbols and names related to the Olympic movement has become an important issue as it is essential for the proper functioning of the Olympic movement and efficient conducting of the next Olympic Games. One of the research issues is an attempt to answer the question if it was right to place by the Polish legislator the petty offence consisting in the unlawful use of the Olympic symbols in the act on sport, or if it should be placed in the Petty Offence Code or should only be protected within the regulation of the act on Industrial Property Right, acts on Suppression Unfair Competition or the act on Copyrights and Related rights. In Author's opinion placing the discussed type of offence in the act on sport was the right solution. It seems so, due to the fact that the character of this offence corresponds to the specificity of the matter regulated by this act. Thus the criminal regulations of the act on sport form a consistent whole and they comprehensively regulate the given matter. Critical remarks can be made in relation to the quality of the discussed regulation. In the first place, a change in features of the infraction in question made as part of regulations of the act on sport, consisting of adding the phrase "for commercial purposes" should be assessed critically. In this scope de lege ferenda one should be in favour of coming back to the previous legal state, which did not differentiate the unlawful use of the Olympic symbols in respect of the purpose or form. In the article the following research methods were used: comparative method, the method of systemic analysis and the historical method. The research was based on prescriptive acts, comments and the Polish and foreign literature.

Intellectual property rights, especially trademarks, played an important role in organization and promotion of the Olympic Games and commercial exploitation of sport. In fact, without granting intellectual property rights related to the Olympic Games there would be nothing to be exploited and nothing to commercialize as well as no income would be generated. If there were no financial returns the sport events would not look like this these days. As still growing part of economic value of sport is connected with intellectual property rights the protection of symbols and names related to the Olympic movement has become an important issue as it is essential for the proper functioning of the Olympic movement and efficient conducting of the next Olympic Games. One of the research issues is an attempt to answer the question if it was right to place by the Polish legislator the petty offence consisting in the unlawful use of the Olympic symbols in the act on sport, or if it should be placed in the Petty Offence Code or should only be protected within the regulation of the act on Industrial Property Right, acts on Suppression Unfair Competition or the act on Copyrights and Related rights. In Author's opinion placing the discussed type of offence in the act on sport was the right solution. It seems so, due to the fact that the character of this offence corresponds to the specificity of the matter regulated by this act. Thus the criminal regulations of the act on sport form a consistent whole and they comprehensively regulate the given matter. Critical remarks can be made in relation to the quality of the discussed regulation. In the first place, a change in features of the infraction in question made as part of regulations of the act on sport, consisting of adding the phrase "for commercial purposes" should be assessed critically. In this scope de lege ferenda one should be in favour of coming back to the previous legal state, which did not differentiate the unlawful use of the Olympic symbols in respect of the purpose or form. In the article the following research methods were used: comparative method, the method of systemic analysis and the historical method. The research was based on prescriptive acts, comments and the Polish and foreign literature.

This article critically examines the vision of Japanese society expressed in the idea of a legacy for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games primarily for an internal, domestic audience. This legacy is consistent with the national reconstruction policy adopted after the Great East Japan earthquake of 11 March 2011. The specific issue I focus on here is the centrality of the term "creative reconstruction" to the legacy discourse on the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. By interweaving discussions about three places—the Tohoku disaster area, the Tokyo Olympic venue, and Japanese society—this discourse creates an apparently mutual interdependence between the three. Here I assess the idea of this ideological Olympic legacy where these relationships of interdependence are represented as a blueprint for restructuring the system of capital accumulation in Japan. The structure of the article is as follows. First, I provide an overview of creative reconstruction in Japan in comparison with other terms recently used to assess sports mega‐events such as the Olympics. Next, I briefly outline the political transformation of the social integration system from the mid‐1990s, when the phrase creative reconstruction was first used to the present. In the following three sections I discuss the way that each of the key terms in the discourse—Tohoku, Tokyo, and Japan—has been deployed. This article concludes with reflections on the social and political implications of this discourse for Japanese society in the build up to the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.