Suchergebnisse

Der Open-Science-Diskurs ist nicht leicht nachvollziehbar. Im Kern lassen sich einzelne wenige Schlüsselbegriffe ausmachen, die unter anderem mit dem Ansatz einer "offenen Wissenschaft" in Verbindung stehen: Open Data, Data Sharing und Open Access. Diese Schlüsselbegriffe beschreiben die Absicht, im Wege der Digitalisierung möglichst alle Bestandteile des Forschungsprozesses einer breiten Öffentlichkeit zugänglich und transparent zu machen. Hierdurch soll nicht zuletzt auch eine Überprüfbarkeit sowie Nachnutzbarkeit der Daten und Methoden ermöglicht werden. Zunehmend gesellt sich im Rahmen des Open-Science-Diskurses ein weiterer Schlüsselbegriff hinzu, nämlich der Begriff der Inklusivität. Als Erweiterung der üblichen Zusammenarbeit in engeren Forschergemeinschaften führt die Inklusivität im Wissenschaftskontext zu einer anderen Art von "Öffnung", zu einer bewussten Einbindung von "unüblichen", wissenschaftsexternen Akteuren, insbesondere aus der Bürgerschaft. Dieser gemeinhin als Citizen Science bezeichnete Ansatz sieht in der Partizipation von Ehrenamtlichen oder Laienforschern eine Chance, den Forschungsprozess inhaltlich zu bereichern und den Erkenntnisgewinn zu erhöhen. In der EU-Wissenschaftspolitik gilt Citizen Science mittlerweile als fest etablierte Säule im Rahmen des Open-Science-Konzeptes. Anders als im angloamerikanischen Raum hat sich der Trend zu Citizen Science in Deutschland relativ spät entwickelt. Erst seit wenigen Jahren lassen sich Aktivitäten ausmachen. Im Jahre 2016 veröffentlichte das BMBF eine eigene Richtlinie zur Förderung der Bürgerbeteiligung in Forschungsprojekten. Vermutlich auch dank dieser strategischen Förderung konnten inzwischen zahlreiche Citizen-Science-Projekte initiiert werden. Welche Arten der Bürgerbeteiligung gibt es? Welchen Mehrwert kann Citizen Science für die Wissenschaft haben? Welche Rollen können wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Bibliotheken dabei spielen? Diese und andere Fragen sollen näher beleuchtet werden.

This article analyzes core attributes of the concepts of Open Science and Citizen Science in European science policy and relates them to one another. Both concepts postulate and advocate a future opening of science – with Open Science policy focusing on the research process and the conceptualization of Citizen Science placing more emphasis on the actors and their interactions. Both approaches claim transparency with regard to both the research process itself and its results. There are synergies in terms of the involvement of citizens and the accessibility of research results and processes. And there are risks when Citizen Science is merely instrumentalized without allowing for effective participation by citizens.

This open letter issued by the international research community calls on Members of the European Parliament to halt the adoption of harmful provisions found in the current draft of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, which could threaten Open Access and Open Science.

Abstract
This study aims to review the open science (OS) policy documents, identify their subject areas, and distinguish the topics of OS support policies in seven European countries, providing a platform for practical cooperation between countries in science popularization. With a qualitative–inductive approach, all pertinent policy documents in OS were collected through documentary study, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify OS policies for each country. Finally, forty-six policy documents extracted up to December 2020 were thematically analyzed through a qualitative–inductive case study. All selected countries had developed OS policies, and these supportive policies were generally related to the three dimensions of 'open input, open process, and open output'. In 'open input', recommendations for the performance of research data repositories, as well as management criteria, are considered. Most countries adopted 'open output' protectionist policies. Multiple policies in the 'open process' indicate the need for an appropriate OS platform.

Better utilisation of publicly funded research output is an aim of the Finnish Government. To reach that aim, the Open Science and Research (ATT) Initiative was launched in 2014. Lead by the Ministry of Education and Culture, the ATT Initiative has funded a number of projects that support good research data management, opening of research data, and Open Access in general. The Initiative also emphasises cooperation and interoperability nationally, and internationally.The National Library of Finland and other research libraries have an important role in the ATT Initiative. Libraries are in a good position to make meaningful contributions as they can repurpose their expertise on metadata, information retrieval, and collection management. They are finding new ways of collaboration and creating services in the fields of Open Access and Open Science.Libraries and other service providers should, first and foremost, respect the needs of research and researchers: science should always be the guiding force. But Open Access and Open Science do have an effect on how research is conducted and published. Therefore, it must be possible to have a critical look on conventional research practices. Increasing amounts of data, new technological possibilities, and new methods of analysis mean that old practices need to be revised. The more pronounced demands of interoperability and innovative re-usability drive for change, too. Of course, the funders are also very keen on cost-efficiency and measurable impact. There is a demand for harmonisation, collaboration, and shared infrastructures and services.The Open Scientific Publishing Project (TAJUA) in the National Library of Finland is a part of the ATT Initiative. The main focus of the project is to increase and improve the availability of Finnish research output. It comprises of several subprojects that build on the existing expertise of the Library, taking it to new directions. They deal withimproving the institutional repository infrastructure provided by the National Library, with special attention to organisations with restricted resources and basic demands;better guidance for institutional repositories on best practices in metadata creation, licensing, and in gathering statistics in a commensurable manner;a tool for easy creation of metadata about research datasets;improved persistent identifier services (ISNI, ORCID, URN, etc.);better understanding of economics of Open Access publishing, e.g. real level of APC, and recommendations for changes in publishing workflows; andrecommendations for ensuring long-term accessibility of scientific output.The TAJUA project complements others under the umbrella of the ATT Initiative. They deal with more efficient publishing workflows, data management planning, opening datasets, training and education on Open Science, and tools to enrich and work up open linked data. Existing national services on data storage, preservation, and dissemination will also be extended.Research libraries should not be shy about their knowledge and skills. With metadata being the new black, they can really make their mark on the world of Open Science.

(Pre-print version) This first annual report presents the progress made by the federal Science-based Departments and Agencies (SBDAs) to implement open science. This includes making federal scientific publications and data more accessible, engaging directly with Canadians to talk about federal science and involving Canadians federal research. The results of four core metrics and four supplementary metrics and related indicators presented herein will help SBDAs, the Government of Canada, and Canadians identify areas where more open science activities are needed while creating a baseline by which it can be measured. Since inception of the National Action Plan on Open Government, advances in open science have been made. Canadians can now access more SBDA peer-reviewed publications and data, and federal scientists are engaging Canadians in a variety of innovative ways including social media, live streaming, traditional media, and citizen science projects. Despite these achievements, there are opportunities to make science more open. New metrics and associated indicators are being developed to measure the impact of federal scientific publications in mainstream medias (e.g. social media) and to help understand the demand for SBDA open datasets. Everyone is encouraged to be part of the discussion. Do not hesitate to send us your comments on this report or federal open science in general at ec.scienceouverte-openscience.ec@canada.ca.

EXECUTIVE Summary This brief outlines simplified Open Science Learning Objectives for the main stakeholders in the Research Ecosystem. Learning Objectives are structured by Open Science Topics according to a functional Open Science Taxonomy (Pontica et al., 2015), that accompany the main responsibilities of each stakeholders along the Research Lifecycle. The ultimate objective is to support the integration of Open Science best practices into the daily routine of performing and supporting research, to underpin implementation of Horizon 2020 Mandate on Access to Scientific Information, and augment the "societal impact" and uptake of research, for the benefit of all stakeholders in the knowledge creation process (ultimately underpinning "co-creation"). Specific Learning Objectives are structured in increasing level of competence, frequently ending with successful integration of Open Science best practices in the daily research routine, facilitating self-assessment of the personal workflow. The Learning Objectives can provide a backbone for a structured learning plan for Doctoral Schools with the ambition to train future researchers in optimizing their societal impact, alongside research excellence training, as well as preparing graduates for new and emerging research impact measures and criteria. Support with relevant training content will be provided in parallel through the FOSTER Portal and accompanying e-Learning and self-learning modules. The brief draws on FP7 FOSTER Work Packages 2 Content, WP3 Portal (Open Science Taxonomy, and learning portal infrastructure) and WP4 Training (Deliverable D4.5 Training ToolKit). RATIONALE: The political drive for Open Science from the funding agency (EC[1]) point of view is mainly Return On Investment (ROI), ethics (taxpayer access to public funded research), and stimulating Open Innovation[2] through free-flow of ideas in order to boost economic growth through transfer of knowledge to the knowledge-based Small/Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The Open Science community of ...

Contextualizing Openness offers a fascinating look at Open Science and the democratization of knowledge in international development and social transformation with a focus on the Global South. This volume presents contri­butions from the 12 projects that form the Open and Collaborative Science in Development Network (OCSDNet) organized around four central themes: Defining Open Sci­ence in Development, Governing Open Science, Negotiat­ing Open Science, and Expanding Open Science for Social Transformation. The collective goal is to illustrate how the opportunities and challenges associated with openness vary across regions and, further, to identify the key dif­ferences that characterize the actors, institutions, as well as the infrastructure and governance of knowledge-based resources in highly diverse settings. To understand the movement toward Open Science and its impact on the thinking and practices that drive development, we must challenge the asymmetry of global knowledge production and of access to this knowledge. Contextualizing Open­ness aims to stimulate further research and debates about how to collectively design a knowledge system that is open and equitable for all.

Open science refers to all scientific culture that is described by its openness. It may often include features of open access, open data, and open source. Fecher and Friesike (2014) identify five open science schools of thought: the public school, which is about the accessibility of knowledge creation; the democratic school, which is about equality of access to knowledge; the pragmatic school, which is about collaborative research; the infrastructure school, which is about the technological architecture; and the measurement school, which is about alternative impact measurement. This article argues that there are only two open science schools, the public and democratic iterations, that can defend themselves against the serious epistemic objections to open science. In addition, if society supports an "open discussion" policy, societies will gain much more benefit from open science. These two schools, therefore, have more epistemic value than the other schools.

OpenAIRE Open Access Week Panel: Equity and inclusion: open science policies A joint COAR/EIFL/OpenAIRE webinar This panel addressed equity and inclusion in recent Open Science policy developments in Asia and Europe. Moderator: Iryna Kuchma (EIFL) Panelists: Dr Mr Yuan Junpeng, National Science Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Head of Research Integrity and Responsible Innovation Committee of the Chinese Association for Science of Science and S&T Policy. The new research assessment reforms in China - Eradicating the 'Five Only' in S&T management Lidija Vukčević, Division for international cooperation and European integration, Ministry of Science, Government of Montenegro. Programme of Implementation of Open Science Principles in Montenegro with the action plan for the period 2020-2022

Präsentation zum Spotlight-Webinar "Open Science und digitaler Kulturwandel in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften" am 9.6.2020 für die Hamburg Research Academy. Die Digitalisierung ist nicht nur ein spannendes Forschungsfeld in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften, sondern betrifft auch die wissenschaftliche Arbeit: Forschung, Lehre und Wissenschaftskommunikation werden mit digitalen Medien erweitert und transformiert. Offenheit gilt dabei als Kernkonzept und Schlüsselkompetenz in der Digitalisierung der Wissenschaft. Politik, Wissenschaftsförderer und wissenschaftliche Communities erwarten heute zunehmend einen kompetenten Umgang mit Forschungsdaten, nachvollziehbare Methoden und möglichst frei zugängliche Veröffentlichungen (Open Access). Was bedeutet das konkret für die wissenschaftliche Praxis? Welche Potentiale, Herausforderungen und Probleme existieren bei der Öffnung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften? Was bedeutet Open Science für die eigene wissenschaftliche Karriere? Die Veranstaltung reflektiert den digitalen Kulturwandel in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften und diskutiert kritische Perspektiven ebenso wie die Potentiale der Digitalisierung für die Zukunft der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Die Veranstaltung stellt Strategien, Best Practice Beispiele sowie Tools vor und gibt einen Überblick über Geschichte und Gegenwart der Open Science-Bewegung. Die Veranstaltung gibt konkrete Tipps und Hilfestellungen bei Fragen rund um Open Science.

Der vorliegende Beitrag plädiert für eine differenzierte Interpretation der Open-Science-Idee, nämlich sowohl als umfassendes strukturelles als auch als kulturelles Phänomen. In der öffentlichen Diskussion wird Open Science oftmals auf die strukturelle Öffnung des Publikationsmarktes für die Nachfrageseite reduziert. Dabei wird vernachlässigt, dass Wissenschaft auch aus darüberhinausgehenden Strukturen besteht, beispielsweise der Sozialstruktur wissenschaftlicher Gemeinden, bei denen Mechanismen der Schließung und Öffnung zu beobachten sind. Open Science sollte darüber hinaus als kulturelles Phänomen interpretiert werden. Unter Verwendung des Begriffs "Wissenskulturen" zeigt der Beitrag, dass sich Open Science in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis als prozesshaftes und heterogenes Phänomen darstellt und dass Offenheit für verschiedene Gruppen der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft unterschiedliche Bedeutungen aufweist.

Biobanks represent an invaluable research tool and, as a result of their intrinsic and extrinsic nature, may be looked upon as archives or repositories largely made up of libraries, or collections of content where the content is the biological material derived from different individuals or species, representing valuable tangible assets. Biobanks analyses aspects of the commons and common intellectual property relating to the concepts of private property, not only concerning data but biological materials as well, and the advantages and disadvantages of patents in scientific research. Several re

Die Europäische Kommission (EC) verfolgt das Ziel, einen weltweiten Zugang zu den EU-geförderten Publikationen sicher zu stellen. Das Projekt OpenAIRE unterstützt die EC bei der Umsetzung dieser Ziele. Ähnlich wie bei Open Government Data Portalen wurde eine Online-Plattform geschaffen, wo ohne Zugangsbeschränkungen Forschungsdaten abgerufen werden können. Eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaft und Governance, die auf hohem Niveau funktioniert. Die Prinzipen Transparenz, Demokratie und Offenheit werden somit auch in der Welt der Wissenschaft gelebt.

Investing in research towards solutions for Societal Challenges is a key priority of the EU Innovation Union[1], and the EC has placed focus on "Open Innovation, Open Science and Open to the World"[2] as a strategy to make the EU leader in Research & Innovation. Open Science is about removing all barriers to full sphere basic research knowledge and outputs (research data, research code, publications, policy briefs), and thus feeding Open Innovation and the knowledge-based economy. The concept is central to EU's Responsible Research and Innovation philosophy[3], and removing barriers to basic research measurably contributes to the EU's Blue/Green Growth Agenda[4]. Despite the potential of the internet age to deliver on that promise, only 50% of today's basic research is freely available[5]. The workshop will demonstrate how and why Open Science can be a key tool for research managers formulating and managing grant proposals. Learning Outcomes follow FP7 FOSTER Open Science Learning Objectives (http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15603) : - Understand EC's Open Science Agenda priorities; - Gain insight into what is, and will be, mandated on access to research, and data management; - Be capable to integrate Open Science in the research concept, and its impact; - Understand Open Science's impact on EC Evaluation process based on examples from 2014-2015. The topics is presented as a tool to alleviate daily problems with formulating competitive grant proposals, in a way that optimised knowledge transfer and dissemination strategies, as well as the societal impact of research projects. The workshop can bring total beginners up to speed with the EC position on Open Innovation, and can upgrade existing knowledge on the topic of Open Science synergies and conflicts with IPR and Data Protection. [1] EC Digital Agenda & Access to Knowledge http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/open-access-scientific-knowledge-0 [2] Commissioner Moedas Press Release, 22 June 2015 ...