Suchergebnisse

'Spieltheoretische Dilemmasituationen werden häufig als paradigmatische Modelle für internationale Konflikte herangezogen. Vorteile solcher Modelle liegen in der Isolierung zentraler Konflikteigenschaften und der Überschaubarkeit von Veränderungen bei Aufnahme weiterer Variablen. Selten wird allerdings bedacht, dass die Betrachtung von Konfliktsituationen ein sehr subjektiver Prozess ist, der von individuellen Bewertungen, Fokussierungen und Rahmenbedingungen abhängt. Spieltheoretische Experimente zeigten, dass das Entscheidungsverhalten stark von den Rahmensetzungen abhängt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse neuer Verhaltensexperimente vor. Zentral sind dabei experimentelle Spiele mit internationalen Konflikten als Rahmenhandlung. Verwendet wurden dabei - mit jeweiliger zeitlicher Nähe zur heißen Phase der realpolitischen Auseinandersetzung - die Kriege und Konflikte um das Kosovo, die Kaschmir-Region, Palästina und den Irak. Die Experimente zeigen, dass der internationale Konflikt-Rahmen tatsächlich zu kompetitiverem Verhalten führt als Experimente mit neutral formulierten Versuchsanweisungen ohne Bezug zu internationalen Konflikten.' (Autorenreferat)

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Denmark: strengthened opposition, yet high levels of cooperation -- 3 Germany: heated debates but cooperative behaviour -- 4 The Netherlands: the reinvention of consensus democracy -- 5 Italy: when responsibility fails. Parliamentary opposition in times of crisis -- 6 Portugal: the unexpected path of far left parties, from permanent opposition to government support -- 7 Spain: government and opposition cooperation in a multi-level context -- 8 Czech Republic: weak governments and divided opposition in times of crisis -- 9 Hungary: the de(con)struction of parliamentary opposition -- 10 Poland: opposition in the making -- 11 Romania: an ambivalent parliamentary opposition -- 12 Switzerland: when opposition is in government -- 13 Conclusions -- Index

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the positions of the actors in the Syrian negotiations towards the proposals for resolving the Syrian crisis and the level of the impact of the conflict between the international forces supporting the Syrian regime (China and Russia) and the forces opposing the Syrian regime (America, Britain, France) on the Syrian negotiations. The study is based on the systems analysis approach: The idea from which the systemic analysis approach is based is based on the concept of the system. The results reached are: The Russia's success in isolating the military factions from each other within unconnected geographic enclaves, and each of them took a different stance to the other on the course of the political process, whether in Astana or Geneva the inability of the Syrian opposition to solve the problem of the Headquarters for the Liberation of Al-Sham, which weakened its military influence on the ground in northern Syria. The dispersion of the power of the factions and their failure to form a single military bloc to represent them.

This text helps students understand the context of headline events in the international arena. Organized into three main parts - military, economic, and human security - the book's fifteen cases examine enduring and emerging issues from the longstanding Arab-Israeli conflict to the rapidly changing field of cyber-security. Compatible with a variety of theoretical perspectives, the cases consider a dispute's origins, issue development, and resolution so that readers see the underlying dynamics of state behavior and can try their hand at applying theory.