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"Wittgenstein is acknowledged as one of the towering intellectual figures of the twentieth century, but he is often considered difficult to read, let alone understand. So how can we begin to understand his ideas? In this Beginner's Guide Peter Hacker introduces the philosophy of Wittgenstein's Investigations to those with an enquiring mind. The book presupposes no philosophical knowledge, only curiosity and a willingness to shed prejudices. It presents a magisterial understanding of the Investigations in an accessible and witty form. "

Austrian economics is known for extensive--and many economists would say excessive--ruminations on methodology. Attempting to steer a middle course between radical forms of historicism (there are no economic laws) and scientism (economic laws are as precise as physical laws), this approach often appears to diminish the importance of empirical testing and quantitative methods more generally. Since the Austrian revival of the 1970's, social scientists have developed a number of new theoretical and empirical approaches to studying the social world. Experimental and behavioral economics have exploded in popularity. Econometrics has arguably taken a more central role in the discipline than even formal economic theory. And, most prominently, econometricians have developed quasi-experimental techniques for examining real-world data as part of the "credibility revolution." This volume, Contemporary Methods and Austrian Economics, examines the relationship between Austrian economics and these new social scientific methods. Do Austrian critiques of the excessive ambitions of formal theory and empirical measurement still hold water (if they ever did)? Do the findings of these new approaches bolster or undermine distinctively Austrian theories? How should we update our views on the relationship between abstract economic theory and empirical investigations?

The theme of this volume is 'New thinking in austrian political economy'. It includes original research by scholars working within Austrian political economy. The contributors draw on insights from Austrian economics shed new light on a range of relevant topics including: the role of culture in economic action, the political economy of postdisaster recovery, class structure, decentralized political orders, drones, institutional change, macroeconomics, and superstition and norms. Each chapter discusses the relevance of Austrian political economy for understanding the topic under analysis and discusses areas for future exploration and research. The volume captures the relevance of Austrian political economy for scholarship on a wide array of topics and its potential as an active and openended research program. Scholars working in the areas of Austrian economics, heterodox economics, constitutional political economy, cultural studies, political science, public choice, sociology, and public policy will find the volume of interest.

Time, change, and complexity : Ludwig M. Lachmann's contributions to the theory of capital / Peter Lewin -- Chinese reforms : a review of Susan L. Shirk, the political logic of economic reform in China / T.David Burns, Kate Xiao Zhou -- Signifying nothing : a review essay of Joseph Stiglitz, Whither Socialism? / Truth-seeking and rent-seeking : a review essay of Lars Magnusson, mercantilism : the shaping of an economic language -- Uniqueness, complementarity, and tension : a review of Israel Kirzner, editor, Classics in Austrian economics / Mario J. Rizzo -- Post-Marshallian and Austrian economics : toward a fruitful liaison? / Nicolai J. Foss -- M. Dietrich, transaction cost economics and beyond / David A. Harper -- Steven G. Medema, Ronald H. Coase / Donald J. Boudreaux -- Raimondo Cubeddu, The philosophy of the Austrian school / Roger Koppl -- Peter J. Boettke, editor, the elgar companion to Austrian economics / Theodore A. Burczak -- The Austrians and self-management : a positive essay / Jaroslav Vanek -- After the fall : an introduction to the symposium on models of socialism / Peter J. Boettke, David L. Prychitko -- The monitoring problem for market socialist firms / N. Scott Arnold -- The critique of workers' self-management : Austrian perspectives and economic theory / David L. Prychitko -- Money, money prices, and the socialist calculation debate / Steven Horwitz -- Market process perspectives on post-communist economies / Laurence S. Moss -- The coase theorem and strategic bargaining / Donald J. Boudreaux

"In many respects, Brentano conducted pioneering analyses of problems that are currently in the focus of cognitive science and artificial intelligence: from the problem of reference to that of representation, from the problem of categorial classification to ontology and the cognitive analysis of natural language. Brentano, in fact, dealt with and wrote on questions concerning the auditory stream (temporal apprehension), visual perception (continua, point of view, three-dimensional construction of phenomenal objects), intentionality, imagery, and conceptual space, considering these pertaining to a metaphysical enquiry. Moreover, Brentano displayed clear awareness of the complexity of problems and of the interrelations among different areas of inquiry. From this point of view, his theory, however complex, offers elements for the treatment of problems currently under investigation. Brentano's work is an antidote against physicalism and logicism, which dominated the 20th century epistemology, and as such appears to be a good philosophy candidate for cognitive science.""A set of knotty questions are implied in the very title of Brentano's work ""Psychology from an empirical standpoint"". To solve them, Albertazzi guides us systematically through Brentano's life and works, investigating into the inherent complexity of both his view of mental life and the related methodology. In so doing, she discloses a number of threads into the open texture of modern philosophy of mind."" Lia Formigari, Ordinary professor of Philosophy of Language, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"

Business Ethics and the Austrian Tradition in Economics is a treatise on the fundamental questions of business ethics and addresses significant shortcomings in the field. It is the result of correlating reflections on phenomena, resulting from an intersection of ethics, economics, methodology, and political and social philosophy.

Stakeholder value, corporate social responsibility and sustainability: Are these, and similar, concepts sufficiently clear for fruitful research in business ethics? What is the benchmark to prove their utility? Business Ethics and the Austrian Tradition in Economics is a treatise on the fundamental questions of business ethics and addresses significant shortcomings in the field. It is the result of correlating reflections on phenomena, resulting from an intersection of ethics, economics, methodology, and political and social philosophy. Sparked by the business ethicists' tendency to consider c