Suchergebnisse

One condition for the stability of democratic systems is the development of a political culture that is congruent with the implemented structure. As the presented data shows, in unified Germany this kind of congruence exists only in West Germany. In East Germany a majority of citizens is supporting democracy as well, but have a rather skeptical attitude toward the liberal democracy of Germany. This skepticism results partly from socialization and experiences in the state socialist system of the GDR. These lead to the preference of another normative model of democracy than the liberal democracy institutionalized in Germany. Considering the acceptance of the liberal democracy of Germany and the values underlying this model of democracy, the inner unity of the community of Germans remains still to be seen. ; Eine der Stabilitätsbedingungen demokratischer Systeme ist die Herausbildung einer politischen Kultur, die zu der implementierten Struktur kongruent ist. Wie die präsentierten Daten zeigen, liegt eine derartige Kongruenz im vereinigten Deutschland nur in Westdeutschland vor. In Ostdeutschland befürwortet zwar ebenfalls eine Mehrheit der Bürger eine Demokratie, aber sie stehen der liberalen Demokratie Deutschlands eher skeptisch gegenüber. Diese Skepsis ist u.a. auf die Sozialisation und die Erfahrungen im staatssozialistischen System der DDR zurückzuführen. Diese führten zu der Präferenz eines anderen normativen Modells der Demokratie, als dem der liberalen Demokratie, die in Deutschland institutionalisiert ist. Hinsichtlich der Akzeptanz der liberalen Demokratie Deutschlands und der Wertorientierungen, die diesem Demokratiemodell zugrundeliegen, steht die "innere Einheit" der Gemeinschaft der Deutschen also noch aus.

Recent reports on political events in Germany have frequently given the impression that the political parties organized there during the last few months are mass movements, based on the solid support of considerable numbers of citizens. Such a concept would, however, hardly fit the present picture. The lost war and its aftermath have left the German people stunned and discouraged. The presence of great armies of occupation and the obvious impotency of all native officials do not encourage political activities. Moreover, the German people have just passed through a period of twelve years during which every human endeavor—even of the most personal nature—was fraught with alleged or real political implications. A natural reaction set in, and even the word "politics," once hallowed by generations of German intellectuals, is frequently met with revulsion. Only a few Germans understand that political life need not necessarily conform to the Nazi pattern. The vast majority, as far as can be ascertained, still see in "politics" only blatant, showy demonstrations, incessant harangues, and the complete negation of privacy. The memory of the Weimar Republic is dim, and where it exists an often exaggerated picture is retained of the multitude of parties and the squabbles in the Reichstag, but no memory of the fine and hopeful features of the ill-fated Republic. In this respect, the spirit of Goebbels is still very much alive. But, above all, the tremendous destruction, the insufficient diet, and the never-ending and never quite successful search for the most primitive means of existence leave the people exhausted and in the main without other interests. This state of apathy is furthered, too, by the well-known readiness, if not desire, of many Germans to submit to authority. Particularly when the occupation of their country was still new, most observers found the conviction among all classes of the population that the future of Germany was entirely an Allied matter and that the exclusion of Germans from all important decisions was a foregone conclusion. Few believed that political initiative by the Germans themselves would in any way ease the situation, and many considered that such action would end only in further confusion and consequently in a harder life for all. Since the unconditional surrender, this feeling of apathy has subsided only slowly and to but a slight extent. The majority of people went to the recent communal elections without much interest and in a spirit of obedience, rather than with the idea that they were performing an act of self-government.

Translation of a part of the author's "Von der staatslehre und von der vorbereitung zum dienst in der staatsverwaltung." ; Mode of access: Internet.