Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe Biafran postage stamps in the Nigerian civil war years present a trove of iconic imageries constructed by the urgency to play a role in the international politics of image production, meaning construction and consumption. These images amplified the campaign for self‐determination and created a sense of nationalism for the seceding nation. The iconographic analysis is used to examine select stamps, considered as transmitters of collective vagaries of national aspirations. Within this focus, historical and nationalistic narratives peculiar to the Nigerian/Biafran experience form a unique basis for the discourse and interpretation of nationalism set within the perspective of interchanging symbolisms and identity within the Nigerian state. The purpose here is to explain the iconic content and textual messages of the stamps or sets of stamps issued by the defunct Republic of Biafra and the ideology of identity and self‐determination that it has activated among the different ethnicities in the Nigerian nation‐state.

AbstractItaly had a colonial empire in Africa in the areas of Libya and East Africa during the first half of the 20th century. The postage stamps issued for these areas served as instruments of propaganda for that empire. This paper uses the method of quantitative content analysis to determine which themes and ideological messages appear on the postage stamps of the Italian African colonies. The results show that, although more than half of them have an attitude of respect for the life of the indigenous population or the civilizational benefit of the colonial government, with the purpose of expressing the benevolence of its power, almost a quarter reflect attitudes of domination, especially in East Africa. Overall, an image of exoticism emerges that reinforces the idea of the Italian nation as a new empire that aimed to show itself to the world as such, especially starting in the 1930s.

An analysis of the imagery on postage stamps suggests that regimes in Burkina Faso and Sudan have pursued very different strategies in representing the nation. Sudan's stamps focus on the political center and dominant elite (current regime, Khartoum politicians, and Arab and Islamic identity) while Burkina Faso's stamps focus on society (artists, multiple ethnic groups, and development). Sudan's stamps build an image of the nation as being about the northern-dominated regime in Khartoum (whether military or parliamentary); Burkina Faso's stamps project an image of the nation as multi-ethnic and development-oriented.

AbstractThe year 2010 in Mexico marked both the 200th anniversary of the start of its independence movement and the 100th anniversary of its revolution. Besides several public events, a number of items including commemorative coins, banknotes, and stamps were produced to mark the occasion. This article analyses the postage stamps issued to commemorate the Mexican bicentennial. It does so by comparing these stamps with the ones issued for previous independence anniversaries, and then tracking changes and continuities in their messages. It is found that, on the one hand, the bicentennial postage stamps of Mexico promoted a particular narrative regarding the historical, territorial, and ethnic features of the Mexican independence process, which in many ways departs from previous, long‐established nationalist narratives. But on the other hand, bicentennial stamps also demonstrate the influence of traditional interpretations of the national past – particularly those related to the Partido Revolucionario Institucional's (Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI) revolutionary nationalism doctrine – which are still being reproduced even after the 2000 democratic transition.

AbstractThis paper reviews Canadian postage stamps issued for the past 100 years to identify business‐related subjects and to ascertain how business history has been reflected. For the first half of the period studied, staples produced from agriculture and natural resources dominated stamp issues. During the second half of the period, stamp issues reflected more diversified Canadian business activity. The paper also describes the business implications of philately and presents observations regarding past and future business‐related stamp issues.RésuméOn examine les timbres‐poste canadiens émis depuis une centaine d'années pour identifier les sujets reliés aux activités commerciales et pour voir comment l'histoire de ces activités a été représentée. En ce qui concerne la première moitié de la période étudiée, ce sont surtout les produits agricoles de première nécessité et les ressources naturelles qui étaient représentés sur les timbres. Quant à la deuxième moitié de la période, on représentait plutǒt sur les timbres des activités commerciales canadiennes diverses. On décrit aussi les implications de la philatélie sur les affaires et on présente des observations en ce qui concerne les émissions passées et futures de timbres‐poste reliés aux affaires.

Abstract
In this article we focus on the gendered national construction on Israeli stamps commemorating renowned women over the course of Israel's history. We analyze gender construction on both the selection of the stamps and in their design. Based on analyses of the social role of women in Israeli historiography, archival documents, interviews with fourteen key figures involved in conceiving and designing the stamps, and the way stamp design constructs gendered memory, we outline major aspects of commemorating women in stamps: gender blindness, women's accomplishments, identity politics, and the emergence of gender as a theme. These are discussed in the context of gendering in official commemoration, the development of feminist historiography and discourse in Israel, and the conjunction of these issues and stamp design.

In response to W. E. Hensley (see SA 0104/H2464) it is noted that few students pay attention to the form of postage used: in one class at Kansas State U, only 3 out of 30 said that they would. A test of the null hypothesis raises doubt that the response rates were not essentially randomly generated. The lack of relationships in such simple tests creates skepticism about the validity of Hensley's conclusions. In A REPLY BY WAYNE E. HENSLEY, Hensley (U of Wisconsin, Milwaukee) states that the Kansas State U students' response only indicates that actions & attitudes often do not correlate highly. The point is not what individuals say they might do but what they actually do when confronted by a stimulus. The last criticism questioned the reliability of the study. If the results were totally without reliability, they quite likely would not have augmented existing theory so neatly. Both author & critics agree on the need for replication. Jennie Farley (Cornell U, Ithaca NY) in A FOOTNOTE TO HENSLEY'S HYPOTHESIS comments that if the use of a commemorative postage stamp on a mailed survey stimulates a high response rate, then researchers should consider what or whom it commemorates. Of the 1,640 US postage stamps issued since 1847, 200 have honored individuals: 178 M's & 23 F's. Researchers seeking to elicit a high response rate from F R's might consider using a stamp which may have special appeal for F's on communications to them. US stamps honoring individual women are listed. AA.

This report provides information about the Common Questions About Postage and Stamps where congressional staff may learn more about these topics.

This report provides information about the Common Questions About Postage and Stamps where congressional staff may learn more about these topics.