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In the Netherlands, there is the tradition of appointing a National Architect. This function expanded over time into an advisor for a national policy for built infrastructure and later for large national projects as well. Today, it is an advisory team, called the 'College van Rijks Adviseurs' (CRa), which consists of an urbanist, an architect and a landscape architect. Their impact is giving the national government (unsolicited) advice by the power of design, of demonstration; a 'soft power'. The red line in the story of the CRa is the need for a new chapter in Dutch spatial planning. They therefore created Panorama NL, an advice to the national government on how to develop a spatial vision for the Netherlands, what it includes, and how to formulate it, and which partners to include. Panorama NL is about storytelling, about how to offer a positive perspective in society to everyone. It is a book and it is also an app, in which you can see literally 360-degree panorama at eye level. Panorama NL paints a picture of what we should do and why we should do it. But the next question is: 'How do we actually do it?' This led to a competition called 'Panorama Lokaal' (the local panorama), which looks into post-war residential neighborhoods at a city's fringe, facing the countryside. Municipalities are challenged to think about how global and national challenges could help to qualitatively improve these areas. A new situation: national government is no more just providing funding but also needs to participate with a vision, be able to organize partnerships, with the most important scale of operations being the regional scale. This means that people need to be educated differently; at the ministry, at the national government level, and also at the university. The aim is to create T-shaped skills: a specialist in one specific domain or profession, but also able to communicate their specialist knowledge with people from totally different backgrounds, like economists or sociologists, laymen or politicians. It is regaining the Dutch Urbanism Approach: the ability to create a vision and develop it through an interdisciplinary approach into an integrated design.

Projecting influence : film and the limits of Beijing's soft power / Paul Clark -- Soft power in the living room : a survey of television drama in CCTV's foreign language channels / Dani Madrid-Morales -- Poetics of failure :performing humanism in the Chinese blockbuster / Victor Fan -- Going to Hollywood with non-Han films : a potential soft-power synergy? / Vanessa Frangville -- Upclose, broadcasting the Chinese dream : CCTV news and China's cultural policy presented to a global audience / Viola Sarnelli -- Non-state agents, quotidian soft power, and the work of the Overseas Film Festival : case studies from London / Luke Robinson -- Towards a "Chinese cinema" in New Zealand : transnational cinema as localized soft power / Luo Hui -- CCTV Africa in an expanding mediasphere : Chinese soft power and a South-South connectivity out of Kenya / Keith B. Wagner -- Animating virtual soft power : digital animation's dreams, nightmares, and wonders / Paola Voci -- Soft power by accident or by design : if you are the one and Chinese television / Wanning Sun -- Jia Zhangke's Mountains may depart (2015) and the China dream; or, How Chinese art cinema learned to stop worrying and love Chinese soft power / Elena Pollacchi -- The feminine touch : Chinese soft power politics and Hong Kong women filmmakers / Gina Marchetti -- Afterword : shifting perspectives on soft power and Chinese screens / Yingjin Zhang

Beijing's political 'charm offensive' in Africa has ostensibly made China a major player on the continent. The source of this success in China's African policy is sometimes seen in China's political and economic 'attractiveness'. It is true that China is building a positive image targeted to the audience in Africa, promoting for example the vision of 'win-win' mutual economic benefits from cooperation. This endeavour is close to the concept of 'soft power'. However, soft power is about dynamic relationships between an agent and the subject of attraction. Hence, the general growth of Chinese soft power and its success depends not only on whether China can sell its image to African states, but also whether African states are willing to buy this. Adapted from the source document.

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College. Joseph Nye's concept of soft power has shaped the 21st century. Soft power represented a new form of power that departed from conventional traditional power defined by military and economic power. Soft power was instead based on a cooperative, non-military, and non-interventionist strategy. However, soft power has proven that it is unable to sufficiently address the current context of global instability and growing frustrations with inequality and injustice. This invites an exploration of a feminist international relations perspective and a feminist foreign policy as alternative approaches to soft power. This paper, therefore, examines and critiques the conceptualization of soft power as advanced by Joseph Nye and Craig Hayden. In addition, it explores J. Ann Tickner's understanding of a feminist international relations perspective and puts this perspective in conversation with Nye and Hayden's ideas about soft power. Then, a feminist foreign policy is advanced as a promising alternative to soft power. Finally, the paper concludes with a call to action to encourage further understanding of feminist international relations perspectives in order to encourage opportunities for genuine feminist foreign policies globally.

Does soft power positively influence international affairs? -- Overview: Public diplomacy is changing the nature of international relations / Jan Melissen -- Soft power strengthens emerging powers / Francesca Centracchio -- Soft power has real impact around the world / David Ensor -- Soft power benefits strong states more than others / Melissa Nisbett -- Soft power cannot counter hard power / Michael Cecire -- There is no evidence culture shapes international affairs / Deborah Bull -- Is diplomacy an effective way to engage with hostile states? -- Overview: Soft power is one of many ways to counter hostile states / Robert McMahon -- Power can transform how countries see one another / Mark Leonard -- Soft power creates stronger relationship than hard power / John Weinbrenner -- Hard power is necessary to become a leading state / Allison Fedirka -- Soft power cannot replace hard power / Colin S. Gray -- Has social media had a positive influence on diplomacy? -- Overview: Social media is a new frontier for public diplomacy / Clifton Martin and Laura Jagla -- Social media opens opportunities for US-Middle Eastern relations / William Rugh -- Social media is an important tool of public diplomacy / Constance Duncombe -- Social media undermines diplomacy / Luis Gomez Romero -- Social media can be too informal to be effective / Michelle Bovée -- Can diplomacy and hard power be used together? -- Overview: The use of power requires many tools / Aigerim Raimzhanova -- Hard and soft power both have a role to play / William Inboden -- Diplomacy is strengthened by military power / Sen. Rand Paul and Isaac Applbaum -- Diplomacy is more effective than military force / Phyllis Bennis -- Hard power can undermine diplomacy / Nathan Gardels.