The French Observatory of Food Quality (Oqali) aims at collecting all nutritional data provided on labels of processed foods (nutritional information and composition), at branded products level, in order to follow nutritional labeling changes over time. This study carries out an overview of allergens labeling frequencies by distinguishing allergens used in recipes from those listed on precautionary statements, for the fourteen allergen categories for which labeling is mandatory according to European legislation. 17,309 products were collected, between 2008 and 2012, from 26 food categories. Products were classified per family and type of brand (national brands, retailer brands, entry‐level retailer brands, hard discount, and specialized retailer brands). Allergenic ingredients were identified from ingredients lists and precautionary statements. 73% of the 17,309 products studied contained at least one allergen in their ingredients list and 39% had a precautionary statement for one or more allergens. Milk (53%), gluten (41%), and egg (22%) were the most commonly used allergens in ingredients lists. For precautionary statement, nuts (20%), egg (14%), peanut (13%), soybean (12%), and milk (11%) were the most common allergens listed. Precautionary statement was most frequently found among first‐price products (hard discount and entry‐level retailer brands). National brands seemed to use it less frequently. For all these results, differences depended both on food categories and allergen categories. This study will enable to follow allergens labeling and their use as ingredients over time, particularly by assessing an hypothetical increase in allergens presence in processed food.
In 2020, the Third Circuit upheld a judge's decision that the rule of reason applied to a conspiracy among egg producers to limit production of eggs by agreeing on how they engaged in production and the disposition of some eggs. A jury had found that the agreement existed and that its intent was to restrain production, but based on the instructions from the court, it also found that these restraints were "reasonable." On its face, this decision upends more than a century of case law holding that naked restraints of competition among competitors are illegal per se. One of the restraints involved an agreement to increase the size of the cages used for the hens laying eggs. The courts appear to have concluded that an agreement among competitors to increase cage size could be a lawful cartelistic conspiracy, despite the jury finding that the intent was to restrict production. The jury instructions themselves conflated the issues of whether there was a conspiracy to restrain the production of eggs and the issue of whether the conspiracy had in fact caused any reduction in production. Hence, although the Court of Appeals decision provides defendants a basis to claim that any justification for collusion should be considered, the specifics of the case suggest that the jury may have found that the conspiracy was ineffective and so caused no harm. Such a conclusion would be consistent with existing law.
Thecover of books has a history and a story that only those interested in the book industry, its cover designers, and those interested in this art know. This story began in the nineteenth century, when books were valuable possessions and desirable in their content, and book bindings were wrapped with high-quality and valuable materials such as silk and leather. The first idea of the cover started from the need of makers Books to wrap books in order to protect them during transport to libraries or sellers. The packaging was just plain paper that the book was wrapped in and then thrown after receiving it. The term sustainability has become broad in scope and can be applied to every aspect of life on Earth, starting from the local level to the global level and over different periods of time. The primary goal is to preserve and benefit from natural resources without harming them, and cultural sustainability is one of the aspects of societal sustainability that is achieved by preserving cultural beliefs, cultural practices, and preserving heritage. Sustainability is defined as the ability to sustain or continue, the two concepts have been mixed in the social and political fields, thus have become one of the most important concepts of sustainability. And sustainable design is a combination of the two concepts of sustainability and design, and design sustainability plays an effective role in reducing operating costs and contributing to providing a safe and comfortable environment. Natural fibers are one of the sustainable textile materials, and they are fibers that are found in nature and whose basis is not petroleum. They can be divided into cellulosic fibers and protein fibers.From the researchers' point of view, to obtain a sustainable textile cover design, some previous treatments must be carried out to make the fabrics more durable and also protect the textile-bound books from environmental and time factors. The cover is the first initiation between the reader and the book, it has a great promotional impact on book sales. Recently, book covers have become an important and vital element in attract the reader's attention towards the book, which made the majority of government and private publishing institutions rely on innovation and creative design for publication covers. To the Egyptian General Book Organization about the traditional unified design of series covers and replaced it with covers that fit the general trend in cover design. In our Arab world, book arts started from Egypt, and the sixties of the twentieth century are a real starting point for designing book covers, and the most important artists of this period (Gamal Qutb), who designed book covers for the most famous writers of the period (Naguib Mahfouz, Ihsan Abdel Quddus, Tharwat Abaza, Youssef Al-Sibai and others), and the artist (Mohy El-Din El-Labbad), who was inspired by the covers of his books from the visual symbols available in Egyptian daily life. During this research, the two researchers re-design some valuable book covers by making design proposals by applying modern trends in design that are represented in simplicity, design reduction and modernity, and then printing it on textile materials with distinctive printing techniques such as flock and foam to enhance the cover. Problem Statement: The research problem will be clear through trying to answer the following questions - How to maintain the sustainability of book covers and protect them from damage? - How to take advantage of modern technology to enhance the graphic design of book covers of value? Objectives: The research aims to Use printed processed textile materials as cover for valuable books. In addition to, Re-designing and re-creating the covers of valuable books such as (Description of Egypt - Badaa' al-Zuhoor fi Waqa'i al-Duhur - Kalila wa Dimna). Hypothesis : The research assumes that Modernism and reductionism in book cover design, in addition to the use of sustainable fabric covers, enhances book covers.Methodologies: This research relies on the use of the descriptive analytical and applied approach where access to knowledge by collecting data and information on the problem under study, classification and analysis through questionnaires to reach generalizations and the desired results from the research.Results: After reviewing the theoretical and practical framework of the design sustainability of the covers of printed textile books, it was found that the minimalism or reductionism is an emerging trend based on the abstraction of everything, the achievement of simplicity and reduction, the use of simple forms and harmonious colors with a minimum of details, taking into consideration the functional and aesthetic aspect when designing the covers of modern books. It became clear from practical experiments that the use of foam and Flock printing adds value to book covers and gives the Flock a distinct texture like that of velvet and requires a high temperature for installation. And that the covers of the original books under study do not contain the features of sustainable design, which is the best solution to overcome the problem of raw materials damage and intolerance to environmental factors in addition to limiting the wasteful use of design elements
The objective of this work was to evaluate modified atmosphere effectiveness in minimally processed cauliflower aiming food safety maintenance for consumers, as conservation of product physical and chemical characteristics for better quality. Cauliflowers cv. Cindy were selected, washed, sanitized with sodium hypochlorite (200 mg L-1) and rinsed. After processing, they were immersed, one more time, in sodium hypochlorite solution (50 ppm) and dried by the air. Portions of 200 g were made and placed in different atmospheres: T1 = 0.05 % CO2 + 23 % O2; T2 = vacuum; T3 = tray of expanded polystyrene with polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) and T4 = 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2 + 90 % N2. The packages were stored in cold chamber at 5 ºC ± 1 and 85% ± 5 of relative humidity. Analysis were performed every two days and the evaluated traits were: loss of fresh mass, respiratory activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, reducing sugars, instrumental color, visual and microbiological analysis. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial design. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared using Tukey test at 5% of probability and regression analysis for storage period. Tray of expanded polystyrene with PVC delayed for two days product climacteric peak in relation to other modified atmosphere. Furthermore, it provided quality attributes maintenance. The best notes of visual appearance and the best intention of purchase were attributed to minimally processed cauliflower wrapped in modified atmosphere with 6% CO2. + 4% O2.
