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This book aims to describe and analyse the political and social thinking, attitudes and actions of the English Protestant churches since the late eighteenth century. It focuses in particular on how they have responded to the plight of the least privileged members of society – individuals and groups marginalised or placed at a disadvantage as a consequence of their ethnicity or socioeconomic circumstances. These have been the nation's underdogs, the most powerless of its inhabitants, and this book explores the involvement of the churches in attempting to create a fairer society, from the anti-slavery campaign to the present day

Although Christianity's clout on sexuality has generally declined in Britain due to secularization, contemporary conservative Protestantism continues to encourage a conventional construction of sexuality — sex is only for the context of heterosexual marriage. Qualitative interviews with 26 heterosexual women and two lesbian women on how their Protestant church involvement impacted their sexuality revealed the pervasive discourse of a marital-confined sexuality and participants' sense of `accountability' to the group for carrying this out. Such accountability can result in a repressed sexuality that is oppressive. Alternatively, it can produce a `sense of community' that functions as a source of empowerment. The oppressive and empowering nature of accountability, however, can be difficult to untangle because of women's religious commitment and supportive friendships found in church life. Relying on participants' accounts, this article addresses the oppression and empowerment young women experience when they negotiate their gendered identities in relation to a marital-confined sexuality.

Only 20% rely on armed private security personnel, and 5% on uniformed police officers.

During the past ten years it has become increasingly clear that the reunification of Germany constitutes one of the major issues which must be settled before there can be a real understanding between the Western powers and the Soviet Union. The Iron Curtain which divides our two worlds has necessitated the establishment of two separate German states. The past decade has witnessed the growth of radically different political and economic policies of the two halves of Germany. In almost every field of human activity, independent and unrelated institutions have had to develop in the West German Federal Republic and the East German Democratic Republic.

The Manitoba School Question was one of the most contentious issues in the history of both Manitoba and Canada and it has received considerable attention from historians. However, there has been insufficient research into the climate of popular opinion in which decisions concerning the introduction of a national school system in Manitoba were made. This gap has had important consequences particularly in the long running controversy over the origins of the school question. This thesis attempted to remedy this neglect by examining the actions and attitudes of the three major Anglo-Protestant churches in Manitoba towards education and minority rights between 1870 and 1890. The clergy and laity of these churches wielded considerable influence in Manitoba society in general and over education in specific. The thesis focused on the three largest of these churches, the Presbyterian Church, the Methodist Church and the Church of England. In the past, these Protestant churches have been treated as homogeneous but the present work found that this assumption was inaccurate and potentially misleading. Each church emerged with its own distinct view on the role of religion in education and minority rights and on the policies of the Greenway Government. Despite the differences, common themes among the churches were identified which highlighted the changing attitudes towards religion and education in the Province between 1870 and 1890. The influx of Ontario clergy and laity had major repercussions for the churches as well as the society around them. For the churches, it meant that new policies were developed often at the expense of traditional perspectives, with secular concerns taking priority over theological issues. In general, attitudes toward education altered such that the importance of religious instruction in the public schools became secondary to the cultural assimilation of non-English minorities, particularly French Roman catholics. The thesis supports the contention of recent literature that the school question was ...

The reactions of US Protestant churches & their spokesmen to President W. Wilson's efforts to reconstruct the internat'l community during & following WWI are surveyed. Liberal Protestants, through the Federal Council of Churches in America, began during the war to gain support for a world peace org. The formative phase of their activities was from Dec 1918 to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. During this period, courses of study on the League of Nations were held by local churches, & the responses of denominational leaders & editorialists were overwhelmingly favorable. The polemical phase bagan with Wilson's return from Paris & ended with the Senate's first rejection of the Treaty on Nov 19, 1919. Protestant leaders waged a vigorous campaign during this period, reaching more than 10 million people through 1,000 'Local Committees of Cooperation' in strategic cities throughout the US. From Nov 19, 1919, until the final vote on the Treaty on Mar 19, 1920, the Protestant efforts on behalf of the League displayed their confusion & desperation in defeat. They wanted to compromise on any terms after the 2nd rejection of the Treaty, & were ready to accept even the H. C. Lodge reservations in order to obtain immediate ratification. AA.