This doctoral thesis is a historical-critical discourse on the architecture of Quito between 1954 and 1960. It is based on different local voices expressed in word and deed about the city and its architecture in the context of Quito's modernization and improvement with a view to being a (worthy) venue for the 11th Inter-American Conference of 1959; an international event that did not take place. The preparations for the conference activated -in the field of architecture- the dichotomy between the traditional and the modern discourses when deciding the strategies to make the city a 'worthy venue' for the event and with a high international tourist potential. At the same time, debates were stimulated on spatial and building topics linked to the areas of legislation, professionalization, industrialization, and financing, as well as on the "way of being urban" or the sense of the urban. Interconnected fields, in which the power-identity-memory mechanisms were reproduced and expressed by acquiring a specific form in architecture and in urban configuration. From these considerations, the study interval is subdivided into two periods. The first consisted of a period of preparation, between March 1954 and January 1958, with the populist government of Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (1954-1956) who spoke in favor of cleaning up the capital to host the Conference. This continued with the first year of the social-Christian government of Camilo Ponce Enriquez (1957-1958), who set out to modernise the city with the same aim. The second period occurred between 1958 and 1960, which corresponds to the continuation of the government of Ponce Enriquez. This period culminates with the inauguration of the modern works, which were erected by the regime to welcome the delegations that would attend the planned 11th Inter-American Conference. The critical analysis of the proposals acquires meaning in the socio-political scenario of each government and of the existing relations of kinship and friendship. The analysis is also careful to ...
Con el respaldo de la Red Ecuatoriana de Psicología por la Diversidad LGBTI (REPsiD), se conforma el proyecto LIBRES de Bullying Homofóbico, que brinda asistencia psicológica, asesoría educativa y legal, grupos de apoyo, talleres de sensibilización e investigación. En este contexto, para el desarrollo de talleres de sensibilización, se eligió el diseño de investigación-acción, que permite unir la teoría y la práctica, dando respuesta a este problema social identificado, con la hipótesis de que los asistentes a talleres de sensibilización presentan una tendencia positiva hacia la aceptación a la homosexualidad. ; Homophobic bullying describes the specific type of violence directed towards people because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. In Ecuador, there are reports that indicate that within school contexts, 40% of interviewed have been discriminated, 24.6% have been excluded and 25.8% have suffered violence. The first investigation in Ecuador on school bullying in 2017 showed that almost 60% of students between the ages of 11 and 18 report having been victims of a violent act in school. Within this context, with the support of the Ecuadorian Network of Psychology for LGBTI Diversity, the LIBRES Homophobic Bullying Project was formed, providing psychological counseling, educational and legal advice, support groups, training and research. This report details the results from the first component of workshops, held in conjunction with the local Quito government during June 2017, with 145 adolescents during 10 two-hour play workshops of which 91% of participants considered the workshop to be successful and 94% considered the information received was useful. The scale that measures attitudes towards homosexuality will be applied three months after the workshop as a followup. It is considered that this line of research will provide useful information even for the design of public policy. ; Mesa de trabajos libres: Estudios de Género y Subjetividad ; Facultad de Psicología
Anexo 1: Listas de arquitectos, ingenieros diseñadores, constructores, estudios y empresas de construccion que ejercieron entre 1950 y 1960. Anexo 2: Tesis defendidas entre 1954-1960 y conservadas en el Archivo Histórico de la Universidad Central (2016) Anexo 3: Libros especializados existentes en la Biblioteca de la Universidad Central del Ecuador hasta 1960 y que se conservan en el Archivo Histórico Anexo 4: Construcciones significativas 1948-1960 ; Premi Extraordinari de Doctorat, promoció 2018-2019. Àmbit d'Arquitectura, Urbanisme i Edificació ; This doctoral thesis is a historical-critical discourse on the architecture of Quito between 1954 and 1960. It is based on different local voices expressed in word and deed about the city and its architecture in the context of Quito's modernization and improvement with a view to being a (worthy) venue for the 11th Inter-American Conference of 1959; an international event that did not take place. The preparations for the conference activated -in the field of architecture- the dichotomy between the traditional and the modern discourses when deciding the strategies to make the city a 'worthy venue' for the event and with a high international tourist potential. At the same time, debates were stimulated on spatial and building topics linked to the areas of legislation, professionalization, industrialization, and financing, as well as on the "way of being urban" or the sense of the urban. Interconnected fields, in which the power-identity-memory mechanisms were reproduced and expressed by acquiring a specific form in architecture and in urban configuration. From these considerations, the study interval is subdivided into two periods. The first consisted of a period of preparation, between March 1954 and January 1958, with the populist government of Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (1954-1956) who spoke in favor of cleaning up the capital to host the Conference. This continued with the first year of the social-Christian government of Camilo Ponce Enriquez (1957-1958), who set out to modernise the city with the same aim. The second period occurred between 1958 and 1960, which corresponds to the continuation of the government of Ponce Enriquez. This period culminates with the inauguration of the modern works, which were erected by the regime to welcome the delegations that would attend the planned 11th Inter-American Conference. The critical analysis of the proposals acquires meaning in the socio-political scenario of each government and of the existing relations of kinship and friendship. The analysis is also careful to establish the projects genesis in the framework of power relations present in the professional team conformation, land selection and purchase, relationship with the municipality and with the Regulatory Plan office, among others. Finally, reflection has been made on the symbolic meaning that the governing authorities intended to transmit to citizens through the materiality of the projected, constructed buildings and of official discourses of the time. From the need to find and put into discussion understanding of those who were not linked or ingratiated with power, this story is structured based on the traces left in either discursive or built forms. This work puts projects the influence the official discourses and practises of the time period studied had in trends of professionalisation, unionisation and legitimization in the fields of architecture and urbanism. This projection demonstrates how those years were the turning point in a struggle within the field in relation to the architecture and urban planning, along with its possible incidence in the configuration of identity and urban memory. In this context, the study reconstructs the scenarios within which those discourses were carried out. The possible effects the speeches had are established, in addition to analysing the possible reasons they were excluded from official discourse and citizen memory. The geographic demarcation covers the entire city of that time, bringing to light specific interventions in the city which at that time was growing in a dispersed, fragmentary and sparkling manner. ; Esta tesis doctoral es un discurso histórico-crítico sobre la arquitectura de Quito entre 1954 y 1960; se sustenta en diferentes voces locales que se expresaron en obra y palabra- sobre la urbe y su arquitectura en el contexto de adecentamiento y modernización de Quito con miras a ser una sede (digna) para la XI Conferencia Interamericana de 1959, evento internacional que no se realizó. Los preparativos para la conferencia activaron -en el campo de la arquitectura- la dicotomía entre lo tradicional y lo moderno al momento de decidir las estrategias para hacer de la ciudad una 'sede digna' para el evento y con alto potencial turístico internacional. Al mismo tiempo, estimularon debates sobre tópicos espaciales y edilicios vinculados a los ámbitos de la legislación, profesionalización, industrialización, y financiación, así como sobre la "forma de ser urbana" o el sentido de lo urbano. Campos interconectados, en los que los engranajes poder-identidad-memoria se reproducen y expresan adquiriendo una forma específica en la arquitectura y en la configuración urbana. A partir de estas consideraciones, el intervalo de estudio se subdivide en dos periodos. El primero, entre marzo de 1954 y enero de 1958, de preparación, implica al gobierno populista de José María Velasco Ibarra (1954-1956) quien se pronunció a favor de adecentar la capital para que sea sede de la Conferencia; y, al primer año del gobierno social-cristiano de Camilo Ponce Enríquez (1957-1958) quien consideró modernizar la ciudad con el mismo fin. El segundo periodo, entre 1958 a 1960, de construcción, corresponde a la continuación del gobierno de Ponce Enríquez, y culmina con la inauguración de las obras modernas erigidas por el régimen, para acoger a las delegaciones que asistirían a ese evento internacional. El análisis crítico de las propuestas adquiere sentido en el escenario sociopolítico de cada gobierno y de las relaciones de parentesco y amistad existentes, cuidando de establecer la génesis de los proyectos en la trama de relaciones de poder presente en la conformación del equipo de profesionales, selección y compra de predios, relación con la municipalidad y con la oficina del Plan Regulador, entre otros. Por último, se reflexiona sobre el sentido simbólico que los gobernantes pretendieron transmitir a la ciudadanía a través de la materialidad de las edificaciones proyectadas y construidas y de los discursos oficiales. A partir de la necesidad de hallar y poner en discusión las miradas de quienes no estaban vinculados ni se congraciaban con el poder, se estructura un relato basado en las huellas que quedaron ya sea bajo formas discursivas o prácticas. En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre la proyección que tuvieron estos discursos y prácticas en la profesionalización, agremiación y legitimación de tendencias en el campo de la arquitectura y el urbanismo, para demostrar que esos años fueron el momento de inflexión en la lucha dentro del campo en el que se definieron las formas de acción en relación con la arquitectura y la traza urbana y su posible incidencia en la configuración de la identidad y la memoria urbana. Para esto se reconstruyen los escenarios de discusión y participación en los que esos discursos fueron enunciados; se establece los posibles efectos que lograron; y, se analizan las razones para su exclusión del discurso oficial y de la memoria ciudadana. La demarcación geográfica abarca la totalidad de la ciudad de ese entonces y rescata intervenciones puntuales en la ciudad que en ese momento crecía de manera dispersa, fragmentaria y en destellos. ; Award-winning ; Postprint (published version)
Der Artikel analysiert die Adaptationsstrategie an den Klimawandel des Metropolitandistriktes Quito. Als methodisches Instrument dient der Ansatz 'Governmentalität'. Mit dem Ansatz "Governmentalität' können bisher in der Diskussion um den Klimawandel ausgeblendete Faktoren sichtbar gemacht werden, und auf der Basis eines konkreten Beispiels neue Aspekte in die Diskussion eingeführt werden: die Nutzung lokalen Wissens und der Stellenwert sozio-ökonomischer Beiträge zum Klimawandel. Als wesentliche Ergebnisse können zusammengefasst werden: 1) In Quito wurde eine Strategie erarbeitet, die auf der Ebene 'Ziele des Regierungshandelns' deutlich von den bekannten Modellen absetzt, die sehr stark ökologisch oder wirtschaftlich ausgerichtet sind. Der Vorschlag ist zudem in die nationale und kommunale Planung integriert, nimmt die Vorgaben überregionaler lateinamerikanischer Programme auf. 2) Lokales Wissen wird integriert, es soll explizit über die Verwaltung des Metropolitandistriktes gefördert werden. 3) Es werden sozio-ökonomische Instrumente eingesetzt, z.B. Institutionen-Entwicklung, Management von Wissen und Kapazitäten, Aufbau und Nutzung internationaler Gemeindenetzwerke. 4) Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Modellen der Governmentalität besteht ein neues Regierungsverständnis: die Gemeinderegierung koordiniert den Prozess der Adaptation an den Klimawandel. Über den Ansatz 'Förderung von öffentlichen Belangen und Räumen' soll die Zivilgesellschaft integrieren werden. ; The article analyses the adaptation strategy to climate change of the metropolitan district Quito by the methodological instrument 'governmentality'. This way the perspectives that have hitherto been less observed can be pointed out more precisely: the use of local knowledge and the importance of socio-economic contributions to climate change. As salient results can be summarized: 1) With the approach 'governmentality' factors can be visualized that have to date been neglected in the discussion about climate change and its management and on the basis of a concrete example new aspects can be introduced into the discussion. 2) A strategy has been elaborated differing clearly from the known models at the level 'aims of governmental action' that are mainly oriented ecologically or economically. The proposal of Quito has been integrated in the national and communal planning and adapts the concepts of comprehensive Latin American programmes. 3) Local knowledge has been integrated; it is to be supported explicitly by the administration of the metropolitan district. 4) Socio economic instruments have been integrated, for example institution development, management of capacities and knowledge, establishment of international networks of local governments. 5) In comparison with existing experiences, a new approach of governmentality has been established: the local government coordinates the process of adaption, civil society should participate through the activity line 'support for public issues and public spaces'.
