Suchergebnisse

The rule ignorantia juris non excusat constitutes a historical principle in Spanish law as a key pillar of the collective organization of the legal system. The rule embodies the assumption that the effectiveness of the laws cannot rely on subjective elements, such as knowledge or ignorance, interest or carelessness, but it is based on an objective and social component of the legal system aimed to ensure that the enforcement of the laws is general and unconditional. Today, it is still inspiring the legal system and expressly enshrined in Article 6.1 CC, but their meaning must be duly contextualized in the current exuberance of legislation and regulations. Last decades, continuous efforts have been made to enhance the publicity of laws, improve comprehensibility, and implement technological solutions aimed to ensure accessibility of legislation, case law, and public authorities' decisions. This article traces the origin and the evolution of the principle in Spanish law and the current expressions and applications of legal ignorance in private law. The analysis of the state of the doctrinal debate and the latest case law invites two reflections. First, the excessive use of legal ignorance as an invalidating mistake as a tool to alleviate contractual unfairness, inadequate institutional practices, or commercial abuse blurs its contours, debilitates the principle of contract preservation, deteriorates legal certainty, and discourages transactions. Second, the regulation of increasing information duties as a strategy to attenuate the impact of legal ignorance is making preand contractual processes complex, overinformed, and formalistic, with the risk of inviting purely formal compliance.

This study aims to examine Al-Thaba'thabaí 's thoughts on Mut'ah marriage and its relevance to family law in Indonesia. This research is a type of library research by descriptive-analytical approach. The primary data in this study are the Qur'an, Hadith, books by Al-Thaba'thabaí, the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning National Marriage Law, PP. Number 9 of 1975 as the implementing regulation of Law no. 1974, and INPRES No.1/1991 on the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This study uses deductive thinking techniques and the data analysis uses maqashid sharia theory. The results show that Al-Thaba'thabaí 's thoughts on the permissibility of Mut'ah Marriages are not relevant to the purpose of marriage and the purpose of making legislation. As the purpose of making the law is the value of justice, usefulness, and legal certainty, besides the law is also made to create benefit in society. Al-Thaba'thabaí's thought regarding Mut'ah Marriage must be rejected because it violates the values of the legal objectives, namely justice, benefit, and legal certainty, and also harms the values of benefit. To provide firmness to prohibit the practice of mut'ah marriage in Indonesia, it is necessary to amend Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage to "a legal marriage is carried out following their respective religions and registered following the legislation. invitation".

Published under the auspices of the American Society of International Law. This book provides a valuable discussion of international law-making, dispute resolution, and international enforcement. . . Receil, Vol. 7, Issue 2 Prominent international law experts from the U.S., Japan, and Canada discuss some of the vital matters "afloat" in the intersecting areas of national and international law, including important issues relating to the Law of the Sea, Environmental Law, Extraterritorial Application of Domestic Law in the Fields of Trade and Economic Regulation, Japan-North American Economic Frictions, and other developments in the post-Cold War world. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint

The rule ignorantia juris non excusat constitutes a historical principle in Spanish law as a key pillar of the collective organization of the legal system. The rule embodies the assumption that the effectiveness of the laws cannot rely on subjective elements, such as knowledge or ignorance, interest or carelessness, but it is based on an objective and social component of the legal system aimed to ensure that the enforcement of the laws is general and unconditional. Today, it is still inspiring the legal system and expressly enshrined in Article 6.1 CC, but their meaning must be duly contextualized in the current exuberance of legislation and regulations. Last decades, continuous efforts have been made to enhance the publicity of laws, improve comprehensibility, and implement technological solutions aimed to ensure accessibility of legislation, case law, and public authorities' decisions. This article traces the origin and the evolution of the principle in Spanish law and the current expressions and applications of legal ignorance in private law. The analysis of the state of the doctrinal debate and the latest case law invites two reflections. First, the excessive use of legal ignorance as an invalidating mistake as a tool to alleviate contractual unfairness, inadequate institutional practices, or commercial abuse blurs its contours, debilitates the principle of contract preservation, deteriorates legal certainty, and discourages transactions. Second, the regulation of increasing information duties as a strategy to attenuate the impact of legal ignorance is making preand contractual processes complex, overinformed, and formalistic, with the risk of inviting purely formal compliance. ; This Article has been prepared in the framework of the Research Project Reform of Spanish Laws of Security Rights in an International Context (DER2016-77695-P).

Résumé
Au cours des années 90, une controverse a vu le jour en Asie sur la
question de savoir si les valeurs à la base de codifications universelles
sont nécessairement compatibles avec les valeurs acceptées et respectées
dans les différentes régions de ce continent. Plus particulièrement et à
titre d'exemple, les conventions internationales relatives aux droits de
l'homme sont censées exprimer des valeurs reconnues sur le plan universel.
Les Asiatiques doivent-ils de ce fait les accepter automatiquement dans
cette forme ? Ces valeurs dites « universelles » ne sont-elles pas pour la
plupart d'origine occidentale ? – Il apparaît qu'une prééminence des valeurs
asiatiques est notamment postulée pour certains aspects de la vie sociale
qui sont propres à l'Asie, dont l'ordre interne des États et l'économie. Le
droit international humanitaire, par contre, a toujours trouvé des principes
équivalents dans les traditions et coutumes ancestrales des différentes
nations asiatiques. Par ailleurs, les règles essentielles du droit
international humanitaire représentent le plus petit dénominateur commun des
règles de droit à respecter dans les conflits pour que l'homme soit protégé
contre la violence et l'abus de pouvoir; à ce titre, elles sont également en
harmonie avec les valeurs reconnues en Asie.

This paper seeks to give a more precise grounding to the question of relevance in Athenian forensic argument with a specific focus on the speeches delivered by Aeschines and Demosthenes in the case On the Crown. I argue that in Athenian litigation relevance can be determined quite precisely by the specific terms of the accusation, and that the litigants are well aware of this standard and take care to make their arguments relevant or to justify them if they may appear to be "outside the issue." Because all the issues specified in the accusation are legally relevant, the distinction commonly drawn between legal and political arguments has no place in a discussion of relevance. The effect of this rule of relevance, I argue, is not to promote fairness but to increase the advantage enjoyed by the plaintiff. I conclude with a few observations on the Athenian view of law which, I suggest, was considerably broader than ours. ; Classics

This article traces the development of the foreseeability test in the context of the nullum crimen principle. While the European Court of Human Rights has introduced the 'accessibility and foreseeability' criteria long ago in the Sunday Times case, the Court has only recently started to apply this standard with respect to international crimes. In the Kononov case, judges of the European Court of Human Rights exhibited strongly divergent opinions on the question whether the punishment of alleged war crimes that had been committed in 1944 violated the nullum crimen principle. According to this author, the dissension of the judges demonstrates the lack of objective foreseeability, which should have served as a starting point for the assessment of the subjective foreseeability and a – potentially exculpating – mistake of law of the perpetrator. The Court should therefore have concluded that the nullum crimen principle had been violated.

"Rechtsgefühl" kann das individuelle Gerechtigkeitsempfinden, das Judiz der Richterin im Entscheidungsfindungsprozess, das emotionale Aufbäumen der unterlegenen Partei nach der Entscheidung, eine kollektive Rechtsüberzeugung bezeichnen. Verweise auf das "Rechtsgefühl" werden oft genutzt, um Rechtssysteme oder einzelne Rechtsakte von innen oder von außen zu legitimieren oder zu delegitimieren. Als sozialer Kompass und normative Rechtfertigung versagt "Rechtsgefühl" dagegen, wenn es mit zahlreichen gegenläufigen Rechtsgefühlen konkurriert. Dieser Frage nach dem Stellenwert divergierender Rechts- und Gerechtigkeitsempfindungen gehen die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge aus praktischer, theoretischer und historischer Perspektive nach.