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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Philosophical Foundations -- 1 Embryo Research Ethics -- 1.1 Research on Human Embryos -- 1.1.1 The 14-Day Rule -- 1.1.2 Expanding Research Beyond 14 Days -- 1.1.3 Doubts About the 14-Day Rule -- 1.2 Research on Synthetic Embryoid Beings -- References -- 2 The Ethics of Medical Research -- 2.1 Covid-19: Three Urgencies -- 2.2 Reasons and Motives -- 2.3 Beneficence, Truth, Communication -- 2.4 Conditional and Unconditional Imperatives -- 2.5 Idealistic Dedication -- 2.6 Religious Dedication -- References -- 3 Genopolitics: Biotechnology Norms and the Liberal International Order -- 3.1 The Age of Biotechnology -- 3.2 Bioethics and the Liberal Consensus -- 3.3 Along Came Dr. He -- 3.4 Hard Bioethics -- 3.5 Postscript: The Death of an Article of Faith -- References -- Part II Vulnerability -- 4 Persons and Groups: Protection of Research Participants with Vulnerabilities as a Process -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Transformations of the Concept of Vulnerability -- 4.3 Some Conceptual Considerations -- 4.4 Different Users, Different Stages, Different Information -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Centring the Human Subject: Catalyzing Change in Ethics and Dementia Research -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Background to Project -- 5.3 Problems of Exclusion and Tokenistic Gestures -- 5.3.1 Exclusionism in Human Subject Research -- 5.3.2 Tokenism in Patient and Public Involvement -- 5.4 Stigma and Tackling Unconscious Bias -- 5.4.1 Stigma -- 5.4.2 Unconscious Bias Manifested in Informed Consent Processes -- 5.4.3 Unconscious Bias Manifested in Assumptions About Vulnerability -- 5.4.4 Unconscious Bias Manifested as Epistemic Hierarchy -- 5.5 Adopting a Strength-Based Approach -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Genetics.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- 1: Introduction to Animal Neuroethics: What and Why? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What Is Animal Neuroethics? -- 1.3 Animal Neuroethics: The What and the Why -- 1.4 Concluding Thoughts -- References -- Part I: Neuroscience of Nonhuman Minds -- 2: Sentience and Consciousness as Bases for Attributing Interests and Moral Status: Considering the Evidence and Speculating S... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methodological Assumptions -- 2.3 Evidence of Sentience in Different Animal Classes -- 2.3.1 Mammals and Birds -- 2.3.2 Reptiles -- 2.3.3 Amphibians -- 2.3.4 Fish -- 2.3.5 Cephalopods -- 2.3.6 Arthropods -- 2.4 Conclusion: From Bees to Bots and Back -- References -- 3: The Human Challenge in Understanding Animal Cognition -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Definition of Cognition: One or Many Cognitions? -- 3.3 Ecological and Social Drivers of Cognition in Chimpanzees -- 3.3.1 Finding Food in Dense Forests Represents a Special Cognitive Challenge -- 3.3.2 Extracting Embedded Food -- 3.3.3 Hunting and Cooperation -- 3.4 Are There Real Differences Between Captive and Wild Populations? -- 3.5 Human Bias and Ecological Validity -- 3.6 The Future of Animal Cognition Studies? -- References -- 4: Mental Capacities of Fishes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Definition of Sentience -- 4.3 Do Fish Form Relationships? -- 4.4 Cognitive Ability and Neurodevelopment -- 4.4.1 Social Learning -- 4.4.2 Spatial Navigation -- 4.4.3 Numerical Skills -- 4.4.4 Decision-Making -- 4.5 Welfare and Capacities for Feeling: Pain, Fear, and Pleasure -- 4.5.1 Pain -- 4.5.2 Fear -- 4.5.3 Pleasure -- 4.6 Individual Recognition, Self-Recognition, and Consciousness -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References.

"This fresh, confident Second Edition expands its focus on the theoretical and practical aspects of doing qualitative research in light of new ethical dilemmas facing researchers today. In a climate of significant social and technological change, researchers must respond to increased ethical regulation and scrutiny of research. New sources, types of data and modes of accessing participants are all challenging and reconfiguring traditional ideas of the research relationship. This engaging textbook explores key ethical dilemmas - including research boundaries, informed consent, participation, rapport and analysis - within the context of a rapidly changing research environment. The book effectively covers the ethical issues related to the data collection process, helping readers to address the ethical considerations relevant to their research."--Publisher's website.

Western academic and mainstream consultative research within First Nation communities has been carried on since the beginning of academic institutions in North America. How such research has, and continues to be conducted, has been cause for deep concern among Indigenous communities. As a result, the thesis presented here, explores the area of ethical and moral research as it pertains to collaborative inquiry with First Nations communities, with specific examination geared towards the National Tri-Council Policy Statement on ethical research involving human participants. In addition, in order to invoke superior joint research ventures between First Nations', academic, government and private sector groups, methodologies and methods are advocated that will enhance such collaborations. A discussion on Indigenous intellectual property rights and advocacy for a 'sui generis' system of knowledge protection is also presented. Furthermore, personal experience from a First Nations researcher who is situated at the junction of Indigenous and western ways of knowledge acquisition will serve as a venue in bringing forth poignant context. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Despite recent advances in HIV prevention and treatment, high HIV incidence persists among people who inject drugs (PWID). Difficult legal and political environments and lack of services for PWID likely contribute to high HIV incidence. Some advocates question whether any HIV prevention research is ethically justified in settings where healthcare system fails to provide basic services to PWID and where implementation of research findings is fraught with political barriers. Ethical challenges in research with PWID include concern about whether research evidence will be translated into practice; concerns that research might exacerbate background risks; and ethical challenges regarding the standard of HIV prevention in research. While these questions arise in other research settings, for research with PWID, these questions are especially controversial. This paper analyses four ethical questions in determining whether research could be ethically acceptable: (1) Can researchers ensure that research does not add to the burden of social harms and poor health experienced by PWID? (2) Should research be conducted in settings where it is uncertain whether research findings will be translated into practice? (3) When best practices in prevention and care are not locally available, what standard of care and prevention is ethically appropriate? (4) Does the conduct of research in settings with oppressive policies constitute complicity? We outline specific criteria to address these four ethical challenges. We also urge researchers to join the call to action for policy change to provide proven safe and effective HIV prevention and harm reduction interventions for PWID around the world.

FrontMatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Linked Social-Spatial Data: Promises and Challenges -- 2 Legal, Ethical, and Statistical Issues in Protecting Confidentiality -- 3 Meeting the Challenges -- 4 The Tradeoff: Confidentiality Versus Access -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Privacy for Research Data -- Appendix B: Ethical Issues Related to Linked Social-Spatial Data -- Biographical Sketches for Panel Members and Staff.

Fundamentals of Research Methodology: A Holistic Guide for Research Completion, Management, Validation and Ethics is a rich conceptual, comprehensive and practical text for researchers. A book for beginners and experts, it focuses on research across medical, social, natural and applied sciences. This text aims to fully expose research methodology from a broader prospective, to accompany its readers in research, management and continuity. This book consists of ideas, examples and summary questions as a guide in the following fields:Background knowledge of research, the various types and its imp

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- PART I: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE EURICON STUDY -- 1 Ethical Issues and Practical Problems in Obtaining Informed Consent for Neonatal Research -- 2 The Practical Problems in Obtaining Informed Consent for a Neonatal Randomised Controlled Trial -- PART II: RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES IN EUROPE: THEIR ROLE IN ETHICAL REVIEW -- 3 The Structure, Composition, and Operation of European RECs -- 4 The Attitudes of RECs in 11 European Countries to Informed Consent in Neonatal Research -- 5 The Views of RECs in Eight European Countries on the Process of Obtaining Informed Consent in Neonatal Research, and on the Structure and Organisation of RECs -- 6 The Role of RECs in Europe in the Ethical Review of Paediatric Research: a Critical Discussion -- 7 The Role of Research Ethics Committees and of the Law in the Ethical Review of Medical Research -- a Critical Discussion -- PART III: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LAW ON INFORMED CONSENT IN NEONATAL RESEARCH WITHIN EUROPE -- 8 Overview of European Legislation on Informed Consent in Neonatal Research -- 9 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in Finland -- 10 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in Greece -- 11 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in Ireland -- 12 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in Norway -- 13 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in Spain -- 14 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in Sweden -- 15 The Regulation of Neonatal Research in the UK -- 16 Principles Underlying the Regulation of Research with Children in Europe: International Bioethics or Moral Bankruptcy? -- PART IV: INFORMED CONSENT IN NEONATAL RESEARCH -- 17 Is Obtaining Informed Consent to Neonatal Randomised Controlled Trials an Elaborate Ritual? Interviews with Parents and Clinicians.

The ethics of medical care and biomedical research are rapidly becoming global. This volume gathers leading bioethicists to explore many new questions raised by the internationalization of medical care and biomedical research. Topics covered include, amongst others, the impact of globalization and the relation of religion to global bioethics.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- Preface -- Introduction -- Is race real? -- Where does race come from? -- How does any group (such as coloureds) come to be a racial problem? -- Why are women of colour represented negatively in research? -- Is research not objective? -- What are the ethical foundations of sound research (on race)? -- What does a critical (rather than essentialist) study of race look like? -- What does a systemic (or structural) rather than racial group analysis of problems look like? -- Does method matter when the questions are flawed? -- Can race be unlearned? -- Conclusion -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- SECTION A: Race and the Genes -- 01. The Role of Genetics in Racial Categorisation of Humans -- Introduction -- The basics of DNA -- Genetic variation in humans: How did this come about? -- Link between genetic variation and human disease -- Concept of race: On what is the label based? -- Eugenics -- Concluding remarks -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- 02. The Boomerang: How eugenics and racial science in the German colonies rebounded on Europe and the rest of the world -- Introduction -- The boomerang -- Conclusion -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- SECTION B: Race and the Present Past -- 03. Reinterrogating Race in Scientific Research: A view from the history of physical anthropology -- Introduction -- A short history of physical anthropology -- Physical anthropology comes to Stellenbosch University -- A lesson from history -- Conclusion -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- 04. A Century of Misery Research on Coloured People -- Introduction -- Digging in the archives -- A thematic analysis of race and research at Stellenbosch University -- Making sense of a century of misery research on coloured people -- Misery research and the compulsion to compare -- Conclusion -- Endnotes -- Bibliography.

Ethics : what it is and what it is not -- Thinking well about doing good -- Foundational principles and using them to think well -- The practicalities of ethical decision making -- Beyond ethical decision making -- Professional ethical identity : the foundation for doing good well -- Competence : doing good and avoiding harm -- Competence in practice, research, and teaching -- Respecting others with informed consent -- Confidentiality : doing good, avoiding harm, and maintaining trust / with Randi Smith -- Professional boundaries and conflicts of interest -- Sexualized professional relationships : clearly causing harm -- Social justice : beyond being fair, to advocacy

National health care registries in the Nordic countries share many attributes, but different legal and ethical frameworks represent a challenge to promoting effective joint research. Internationally, there is a lack of knowledge about how ethical matters are considered in Nordic registry-based research, and a lack of knowledge about how Nordic ethics committees operate and what is needed to obtain an approval. In this paper, we review ethical aspects of registry-based research, the legal framework, the role of ethics review boards in the Nordic countries, and the structure of the ethics application. We discuss the role of informed consent in registry-based research and how to safeguard the integrity of study participants, including vulnerable subjects and children. Our review also provides information on the different government agencies that contribute registry-based data, and a list of the major health registries in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Both ethical values and conditions for registry-based research are similar in the Nordic countries. While Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have chosen different legal frameworks, these differences can be resolved through mutual recognition of ethical applications and by harmonizing the different systems, likely leading to increased collaboration and enlarged studies.