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Chris Grover critically reflects on the introduction of the Social Fund and its operation in the past two decades, engaging with the argument that was made in the 1980s that relieving need by way of loan was new in social security policy. Using primary data hitherto ignored by social policy research, he locates Social Fund loans in a lengthy history of debate about, and practice in, loaning poor relief and social security. Understanding this history will give a greater depth to our understanding of the state's purposes in relieving the poorest people as well as to our knowledge of contemporary.

Österreich ist seit 20 Jahren Mitglied des Forschungsinfrastrukturprojektes der Europäischen Sozialstudie (European Social Survey / ESS). Zu diesem Anlass wird vom aktuellen österreichischen Nationalen Koordinator des ESS - dem Institut für Höhere Studien / Dr. Peter Grand (Projektleiter) - und Marcel Fink ein Sammelband herausgegeben, der Beiträge präsentiert, die auf den österreichischen ESS-Daten basieren. Die thematische und disziplinäre Vielfalt unterstreicht die breite wissenschaftliche Nutzung der ESS-Daten sowie deren herausragenden Stellenwert als weithin genutzte Dateninfrastruktur im akademischen Bereich. In der letzten ESS-Runde wurden in Österreich mehr als 2.000 Menschen rund 400 Fragen gestellt und insgesamt nahmen 31 Länder teil. Damit ist eine breite wissenschaftliche Analyse, vor allem auch im Ländervergleich, möglich. Ein Beitrag aus der Verwaltungsperspektive ergänzt diesen Sammelband mit einem Überblick über die Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Europäischen Sozialstudie in Österreich.

Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus ; Anotācija Pētījumā tiek analizēta sociālās audzināšanas teorētiskās nostādenes un prakstiskā pieredze Latvijā neatkarīgās valsts rašanās, demokratizācijas un autoritārisma apstākļos 20.gs. 20.-30.gados. Vēsturisko anoloģiju kontekstā pētītas galvenās problēmas, sakarības un attīstības tendences, kas ietekmējušas valsts audzināšanas koncepcijas izveidi un realizāciju, tās atbilstību humānpedagoģijas pamatprincipiem un demokrātiskas valsts attīstības ideāliem. Atklātas sociālās vides audzinošo ietekmju audzinošā nozīmība un svarīgāko sociālo institūciju (ģimenes, skolas, jaunatnes organizāciju) specifiskie uzdevumi sabiedriskajā un valstiskajā/ pilsoniskajā audzināšanā. Izvērtēta vēsturiskās pieredzes mūsdienu refleksija un atklātas audzināšanas metodes un darba formas individuālo un sociālo vērtību harmonizēšanai mainīgajā sabiedrībā. Atslēgas vārdi: sociālā audzināšana, socializācija, sociālā vide ; Annotation The research work analyses theory and practice of social education during transition and democratization periods in Latvia. Within analogical historical context, the main problems, coherence and development tendencies were researched which have strong impact on the choise and development of educational conception, its relevance to the fundamentals of humanistic pedagogy principles as well as the developmental ideals of a democratic state are outlined. The research reveals the importance of social environment in the educational process, as well the impact and tasks of the major social institutions (family, school and youth organizations). Having assessed the historical experience, the author singles out educational methods, instruments, pedagogical approach in order to harmonize individual and social values in the changing society. Key words: social education, socialization, social environment

Anotācija Pētījumā tiek analizēta sociālās audzināšanas teorētiskās nostādenes un prakstiskā pieredze Latvijā neatkarīgās valsts rašanās, demokratizācijas un autoritārisma apstākļos 20.gs. 20.-30.gados. Vēsturisko anoloģiju kontekstā pētītas galvenās problēmas, sakarības un attīstības tendences, kas ietekmējušas valsts audzināšanas koncepcijas izveidi un realizāciju, tās atbilstību humānpedagoģijas pamatprincipiem un demokrātiskas valsts attīstības ideāliem. Atklātas sociālās vides audzinošo ietekmju audzinošā nozīmība un svarīgāko sociālo institūciju (ģimenes, skolas, jaunatnes organizāciju) specifiskie uzdevumi sabiedriskajā un valstiskajā/ pilsoniskajā audzināšanā. Izvērtēta vēsturiskās pieredzes mūsdienu refleksija un atklātas audzināšanas metodes un darba formas individuālo un sociālo vērtību harmonizēšanai mainīgajā sabiedrībā. Atslēgas vārdi: sociālā audzināšana, socializācija, sociālā vide ; Annotation The research work analyses theory and practice of social education during transition and democratization periods in Latvia. Within analogical historical context, the main problems, coherence and development tendencies were researched which have strong impact on the choise and development of educational conception, its relevance to the fundamentals of humanistic pedagogy principles as well as the developmental ideals of a democratic state are outlined. The research reveals the importance of social environment in the educational process, as well the impact and tasks of the major social institutions (family, school and youth organizations). Having assessed the historical experience, the author singles out educational methods, instruments, pedagogical approach in order to harmonize individual and social values in the changing society. Key words: social education, socialization, social environment

This volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture offers a timely, authoritative, and interdisciplinary exploration of issues related to social class in the South from the colonial era to the present. With introductory essays by J. Wayne Flynt and by editors Larry J. Griffin and Peggy G. Hargis, the volume is a comprehensive, stand-alone reference to this complex subject, which underpins the history of the region and shapes its future. In 58 thematic essays and 103 topical entries, the contributors explore the effects of class on all aspects of life in the South--its role in Indian remova.

1. Introduction -- 2. Enter loans : the act to amend the laws for the relief of the poor 1819 -- 3. Loaning poor relief -- 4. Industrial conflict and poor relief on loan -- 5. The Crossman review of loaning supplementary benefit -- 6. Loaning supplementary benefit and strikes -- 7. The Fowler reviews, special expenses and the antecedents of the social fund -- 8. Social fund loans : consistencies and concerns -- 9. Social fund loans -- 10. Relieving need? Social fund loans in operation -- 11. Social fund loans and financial inclusion -- 12. Conclusion.

Neste artigo, propomos estabelecer esse mesmo percurso teórico, a partir do ponto de convergência transdisciplinar dos estudos da linguagem, articulando diferentes autores, como Martins Ferreira (2017), Plaza Pinto (2017), Hall (2000), a fim de compreender como conceitos tão caros a esse campo de estudo podem contribuir com o panorama presente diante da sustentabilidade. Apresentamos inicialmente a problemática do consumo (BAUDRILLARD, 2005; DOUGLAS & ISHERWOOD 2009; FEATHERSTONE (1995), MACCRAKENK, 2003) seguida da visão de Boff (2015), Veiga (2013), para então podermos considerar como os conceitos de agência e identidade podem propiciar uma justificação teórica para práticas individuais diante de ideologias que comprometem a manutenção da natureza e ainda analisar o discurso de abertura da conferência Rio+20, no intuito de rastrearmos como a mobilização social é compreendida pela linguagem das autoridades governamentais.

Efficient Redistribution of Scarce Resources Favours Hierarchies -- Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection Prevention Measures Compatible with Local Economy -- DIPP: Diffusion of Privacy Preferences in Online Social Networks -- Explaining and Resolving Norm-behavior Inconsistencies – A Theoretical Agent-based Model -- Towards More Realism in Pedestrian Behaviour Models First Steps and Considerations in Formalising Social Identity -- Developing a Stakeholder-centric Simulation Tool to Support Integrated Mobility Planning -- Support Local Empowerment Using Various Modeling Approaches and Model Purposes: a Practical and Theoretical Point of View -- Exploring Coevolutionary Dynamics Between Infinitely Diverse Heterogenous Adaptive Automated Trading Agents -- Pay-for-Performance and Emerging Search Behavior: When Exploration Serves to Reduce Alterations -- Effects of Limited and Heterogeneous Memory in Hidden-action Situations -- Autonomous Group Formation of Heterogeneous Agents in Complex Task Environments -- Exploring Regional Agglomeration Dynamics in Face of Climate-driven Hazards: Insights from an Agent-based Computational Economic Model -- Dynamics of Wealth Inequality in Simple Artificial Societies -- Cruising Drivers' Response to Changes in Parking Prices in a Serious Game -- Quantum Leaper : A Methodology Journey From a Model in NetLogo to a Game in Unity -- How Perceived Complexity Impacts on Comfort Zones in Social Decision Contexts - Combining Gamification and Simulation for Assessment -- A Hybrid Agent-based Model to Simulate and Re-think Post-COVID-19 Use Processes in Educational Facilities -- Generation Gaps: An Agent-Based Model of Opinion Shifts among Cohorts -- Comparison of Viral Information Spreading Strategies in Social Media -- An Evidence-Driven Model of Voting and Party Competition -- Shrinking Housing's Size Using Agent-based Modelling to Explore Measures for a Reduction of Floor Area per Capita -- The Problem with Bullying: Lessons Learned from Modelling Marginalization with Diverse Stakeholders -- On the Impact of Misvaluation on Bilateral Trading -- Consumer Participation in Demand Response Programs: Development of a Consumat-based Toy Model -- Using MBTI Agents to Simulate Human Behavior in a Work Context.