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Canadian universities have not been as enterprising as their American neighbours in seeking out new ways of serving the community; but they have deviated far enough from the straight and narrow path of academic scholarship to develop a sense of guilt for which atonement may be offered by devoting a part of their resources to the promotion of graduate studies.In the United States we find a desperate effort being made to save the M.A. degree from the fate which has befallen the B.A. degree, by applying truly heroic remedies, such as insistence on serious qualifications for admission to candidacy, on "graduate standards of attainment," on "proper use of spoken and written English," on "a reading knowledge of at least one foreign language … as indispensable background and not merely as a tool for research." A candidate should have obtained "an average grade which places him in at least the first third of his class" and "due attention should be paid to those qualities known as personality and, in particular, to moral character."A sense of guilt may be a very potent force, but it requires rationalization. Various reasons have been assigned for promoting graduate studies in Canada. Professor Brebner contends that an increased output of scholars, retained in Canada, could be employed in "the creation of Canadian culture." In so doing they would solve what Professor Brebner considers ought to be "the most urgent problem for Canadian post-war planners," namely "how to make Canada so cordial and attractive a place" that Canadians "who excel in any field" will be content to live and work there. It is nearly fifty years since American universities set about the task of meeting "needs for the satisfaction of which approximately 300 out of a total of some 500 advanced students at the time considered it necessary to go abroad." Canadians have continued to pursue graduate studies in other countries, but it is possible to argue that young Canadians cannot rely as much as in the past on the opportunities offered for advanced work at British and American universities.

Policy studies or policy analysis can be broadly defined as the study of the nature, causes, & effects of alternative public policies. All fields of scientific knowledge, but especially the social sciences, are relevant to such a study. Sociology, for example, has developed a substantial amount of factual knowledge & theory in broad fields, eg, social control, socialization, & social change, that can be helpful in understanding the effects of alternative policies & the behavior of policymakers & appliers. Economics has developed sophisticated mathematical models for synthesizing normative & empirical premises in order to deduce means-ends policy recommendations. Psychology has developed techniques of statistical inference, cross-tabulation, survey research, & multivariate analysis. Anthropology, geography, & history provide a broader perspective over space & time than the other social sciences do. Philosophy provides direction to policy studies. Mathematics offer quantitative & computer science tools, while the physical & biological sciences provide models to emulate in the development of mathematically scientific laws. Political science is turning more toward the analysis of specific policy problem areas. More interdisciplinary research teams & more interaction among policy-oriented people from different disciplines may be needed. Modified AA

The involvement of the social sciences in non- Western studies has been growing in spite of the institutional and intellectual conflicts between area studies and disciplinary studies. The process of institutional adaptation is illustrated by reference to the postwar development of non-Western stud ies. The intellectual conflict springs from the fact that the definitions and classifications of major world areas, including the division between "Western" and "non-Western," do not correspond to the definitions and classifications in any social science discipline. The several disciplines have a differential proneness to area studies, and the problem of integrating them for study of a particular area has no simple, uniform solution. Evidence is presented to show how the study of non-Western societies and civilizations is generating new and fertile hybrid disciplines in anthropology and is giving a comparative and international dimension to the other social sciences.

Science and research are an integral part of the contemporary society – the participation of society in the development of science and technology and cooperation between science and business are an important factor in social changes. The wellbeing of contemporary society depends to a large extent on the continuous development of scientific knowledge, accumulation of technical and practical experience, a spirit of knowledge creation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, an effective science communication is important in order to ensure the generation of new knowledge and the application of research results in practice.The diffusion of knowledge and research results is implemented by means of science communica­tion. Science communication ensures that society is informed about scientific innovations and therefore is an important tool for bringing together science and business, for encouraging innovations, and for informed decision-making.The aim of the article is to analyse the formal scientific communication in social sciences journals Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas, Filosofija. Sociologi­ja, Socialiniai tyrimai, Socialinis darbas, Socialinių mokslų studijos, Tiltai, Acta paedagogica Vilnensia and to compare with previously carried out research of the journal Gender Studies and Research.Gender studies are a field of an interdisciplinary study devoted to issues of social injustice on the local and the global levels. It is a kind of science of civic engagement, which aims, among other things, to help to create a just social policy for both women and men.The aim of the present study is to analyse formal science communication in seven academic journals of social sciences. The study included the following dimensions of analysis: institutional affiliation of the authors of the articles, the language of the publica­tions, topics of the publications, the gender of the authors; the leaders of scientific communication in this journal (the authors that have published the biggest number of articles) were identified, too.The study included 201 issues (all issues from 2004 to 2014) that contained 2614 articles published in the seven journals.The analysis revealed that the articles in the seven journals were published by researchers from 22 aca­demic institutions of Lithuania and from abroad. This indicates the interdisciplinarity and international scope of the journals.The biggest proportion of the authors (19%) were from M. Romeris University, 14% from the Vilnius University, 13% from the Klaipėda University and So­cial Research Institute, 12% from the Vytautas Magnus University. Researchers not only from universities but also from research centres and institutes (Lithuanian Social Research Centre) take part in the formal science communication in these journals.Analysis also revealed that 15.5% of the articles were written in English (31% in the journal Gender studies and research). It should be noted that the par­ticipation of researchers from foreign academic insti­tutions in the journal lacks consistency and continuity.Another dimension of the analysis was the distribu­tion of the authors by gender: 16% of authors were male and 84% female. These data confirm the fact that female researchers are more involved into academic gender studies.The comparative analysis of the journals as an in­termediary of formal science communication revealed several important aspects of scientific communication in these journals.The study has revealed that the most popular topics in the journals are similar. Analysis of the topics of the articles enables to identify most relevant areas of contemporary gender studies and research.The study of the publications of the journals identi­fied the higher education and research institutions in Lithuania that conduct gender studies and disseminate their results.However, in respect of the internationalisation of the journals, the conclusion was made that publica­tions in English and articles of authors from foreign academic institutions appear in the journals irregu­larly; there are issues that have no articles written by researchers from foreign institutions or articles by Lithuanian researchers written in English.The journals are an excellent channel for the dissemination of scientific information in gender studies. It is important, though, to aim for a regular and continuous scientific communication, to en­courage publications by researchers from different disciplines, for a greater emphasis on the interdisci­plinarity of gender studies and research, to expand the international scope of science communication, i.e., in summary, to strive for consistency and bal­ance. This is important for achieving the effective scientific communication that helps to foster a wider dissemination of research results and improve the connection between the decision makers and knowl­edge, to inform society about social trends and enable it to strive for change, and to establish the principles of equal opportunities.It is worth noting that an effective dissemination of knowledge generated in gender studies is relevant not only for other researchers and professional community, but also could be very valuable in the processes of law and decision-making and could be used in initiatives for social, economic, and politi­cal changes.Moreover, in order to gain a comprehensive view on the whole scientific communication in gender studies, it is necessarily to expand the analysis beyond the formal communication scientist to scientist to other types of scientific communication (scientist to professional community, scientist to society), as well as to include other channels of formal communication. ; Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas yra 2014 m. atlikto tyrimo "Formalioji lyčių studijų mokslo komunikacija: mokslo leidinio "Lyčių studijos ir tyrimai atvejo analizė" tęsinys. Tyrimo rezultatai publikuoti 2014 metais mokslo leidinyje "Lyčių studijos ir tyrimai". Šio tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti lyčių studijų problematiką nagrinėjančių mokslininkų formaliosios mokslo komunikacijos raiškas septyniuose socialinių mokslų krypties mokslo žurnaluose bei atlikti gautų rezultatų lyginamąją analizę su anksčiau atliktu tyrimu. Atrinktų žurnalų straipsnių analizei pasirinkti šie kriterijai: žurnalų straipsnių skaičius lyčių studijų tematika, teminis straipsnių pasiskirstymas, straipsnių autorių institucinė priklausomybė, bendraautorystė, straipsnių kalba ir tarptautiškumas, straipsnių autorių lytis bei lyčių studijų mokslo komunikacijos lyderiai. Straipsnių analizei atrinkti septyniuose socialinių mokslų krypties žurnaluose (Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas, Filosofija. Sociologija, Socialiniai tyrimai, Socialinis darbas, Socialinių mokslų studijos, Tiltai, Acta paedagogica Vilnensia) lyčių studijų tematika publikuoti 109 straipsniai.

Wie sind die neuesten Entwicklungen der Gender Studies vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Historie zu bewerten? Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes diskutieren diese Fragestellung in drei thematischen Blöcken und einem Prolog und stellen dabei das Potential der Disziplin heraus: Biographische Rückblicke treffen auf politische Ansätze und künstlerische Interventionen. Die einzelnen Beiträge entsprechen Schlaglichtern, die sowohl Dis- als auch Kontinuitäten der Diskurse beleuchten. Die hier entstehenden Synergieeffekte bestätigen die Notwendigkeit eines entgrenzenden Dialogs im Fach, sowohl transdisziplinär als auch transnational

A general cycle of relations between the Department of Defense (DoD) and the university is described with particular reference to the social sciences and international studies: a general decline in amity since World War II, decreased support for DoD objectives, a concern for the effect of DoD priorities on the general research profile, the growth of in-house and nonacademic vendors in research and training, and the enclaving of the military-connected research community within the university. The pattern of DoD support for strategic studies, linguistics, and language and area studies is examined.

ObjectivesThis article provides an overview of how the interdisciplinary field of disaster studies contributes to the social sciences.MethodsThe following themes are explored in relation to the articles contained in the special issue: disasters are social and political phenomena that generate policy change, disasters reflect and affect democratic governance, and disasters reveal shared experience and collective identity.ResultsDisaster studies bridge the social sciences theoretically and methodologically. Given the scope of disaster impacts—across social, political, economic, ecological, and infrastructure spheres—and the policy response they garner involving public, private, and civic actors, they offer a lens by which to see society and politics in a way that no other critical events can.ConclusionDisaster studies offer important applications of social science theories and concepts that expand the field, broaden our reach as social scientists, and deepen our understanding of fundamental social processes and behaviors in meaningful ways.