Suchergebnisse

Since the publication of Roy Bhaskar's A Realist Theory of Science in 1975, critical realism has been evolved as one of the new developments in the areas of philosophy of natural and social science which offers an alternatively fresh view to the existing theories including positivism and post-modernism. Bhaskar's intellectual movement, which is now fully international and multi-disciplinary, and continues to influence the philosophies of natural and social science, has transformed into 'Dialectical Critical Realism' (hereafter DCR) and the philosophy of 'meta-Reality.'MinGyu will conclude that

The South African politician, president and philanthropist Nelson Mandela once said: "If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language, that goes to his heart" ([1]). It is a widely held view that the knowledge of a foreign language plays an important role in young people's lives and their future career pathways. If an employee knows one or two foreign languages, then it increases his chances of being promoted and receiving a more attractive and lucrative job. Today in Russia there are a lot of opportunities to study different foreign languages (English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, etc.). Private language schools and state universities provide multiple foreign language programs where young people can improve their second language skills and further apply them for specific business purposes. This research investigates the role of Russian university students' instrumental motivation in the foreign language acquisition as a part of their professional self-realization. Motivation or "a motive force" is a state of cognitive and emotional arousal, a state which leads to a conscious decision to act and gives rise to a period of sustained intellectual and/or physical effort ([2]). Students with an instrumental motivation want to learn a foreign language for practical reasons such as passing exams, furthering their careers or getting social and economic reward through L2 learning. Special motivation questionnaires and surveys were designed and conducted to estimate the instrumental motivation level of Russian students in three higher education institutions: RUDN University, Moscow State Pedagogical University (Moscow); and Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University (Chelyabinsk). University students' learning behaviors and learning outcomes were used as predictor and criterion variables in a series of quantitative and qualitative analyses. The findings introduce the correlation between university students' professional self-realization and their foreign language acquisition. The study also reinforces young individuals' instrumental motivation and attitudes in learning foreign languages for their business purposes in the modern world. Some recommendations are developed for foreign language teachers on how to manage the level of their students' motivation for better L2 acquisition results.

ABSTRACT
A comparative analysis of Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and Flora Nwapa's Efuru suggests the importance of romantic love to the self- actualization of the heroines of these novels, whose authors share similar biographies, concerns, and literary positions in the spheres of African American and African literatures respectively. For Hurston, eros paradoxically represents the ultimately unfulfilled possibility for self-realization that finally may be achieved only in and through the self. By contrast, for Nwapa, the focus shifts from the centrality of romantic love to the complex and contradictory place of childbearing in female self-realization. However, finally, self-actualization is achieved with other women in identification with Mammywater, the powerful Igbo lake goddess.

The article is devoted to the problem of urgent student preparedness formation to professional self-realization based on the social partnership. It is emphasized that the social partnership takes a peculiar place among components of educational quality, there is the characteristics of the model of student preparedness formation to professional self-realization based on the social partnership in pedagogical.

In arguments in support of capitalism, the following propositions are sometimes advanced or presupposed: (i) the best life for the individual is one of consumption, understood in a broad sense that includes aesthetic pleasures and entertainment as well as consumption of goods in the ordinary sense; (ii) consumption is to be valued because it promotes happiness or welfare, which is the ultimate good; (iii) since there are not enough opportunities for consumption to provide satiation for everybody, some principles of distributive justice must be chosen to decide who gets what; (iv) the total to be distributed has first to be produced. What is produced depends, among other things, on the motivation and information of the producers. The theory of justice must take account of the fact that different principles of distribution have different effects on motivation and information; (v) economic theory tells us that the motivational and informational consequences of private ownership of the means of production are superior to those of the various forms of collective ownerships.In the traditional controversy over the relative merits of capitalism and economic systems, the focus has been on proposition (v). In this paper, I consider instead propositions (i) and (ii). Before one can even begin to discuss how values are to be allocated, one must consider what they are – what it is that ought to be valued. I shall argue that at the center of Marxism is a specific conception of the good life as one of active self-realization, rather than passive consumption.

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students as an important area of successful self-realization of students in the field of future professional activities. The semantic content of a "healthy lifestyle" in the studies of domestic and foreign scientists is revealed from different points of view, but in all studies there is the thesis that the basis of a healthy lifestyle is the integrity of a person's spiritual and physical development, which must be developed and strengthened in unity. Currently, pedagogical workers of educational organizations of all levels and types, social workers, doctors, parents are convinced that the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle has become actualized especially recently, when, after a long forced self-isolation, there is a clear tendency towards a significant deterioration of the mental, somatic, physical and the physiological health of all students, including students. As shown by the analysis of research results even before the pandemic, about 10% of the younger generation are considered perfectly healthy, while the rest of the survey reveals various pathologies in their health. The author also established an organic connection between human health and his lifestyle. In general, a healthy lifestyle includes a complex of health-improving measures, which ensures the strengthening of the physical and moral health of students, an increase in their moral and physical performance, and successful self-realization in the field of professional activity. Of course, the formation of the value attitude of students to a healthy lifestyle, to their physical and mental health is not solved within the framework of one educational organization, but it has the greatest opportunities, since it has at its disposal a sufficient number of hours allocated for physical culture and sports classes. Based on the foregoing, the author convincingly proves in the article his position on a healthy lifestyle as a significant component of successful professional self-realization in a market economy.

The article presents data from a theoretical and empirical analysis of the parameters that are significant for the full development of the problem of self-realization: self-attitude ("self-compassion"), coping behavior, resilience, vitality. The results of the factor analysis of the self-realization questionnaire are presented, which make it possible to identify the three main components of the concept under study, and the self-realization analysis scheme is also indicated, including the determinants and consequences/results of the process.Based on a theoretical analysis, the author concludes that there are disparate points of view on the structure of self-realization and the presence of parameters that are not included in complex models, but have convincingly proven connections with the phenomenon under study. The author has introduced some parameters into the structure of the self-realization construct, which were previously expressed by other researchers, and also presents a statistical justification for this inclusion.

The article presents the problem of social exclusion, which in the context of suchchallenges of global society as poverty, inequality, migration, aging of population, has become oneof the most urgent in different countries and continents. It is actual both, for the residents of theUSA and for the citizens of Ukraine. While living in different countries, we are the residents of ourcommon "house"- Earth and many problems of modern global world make us more close to eachother than we even can think. Among them - a problem of social exclusion and aging ofpopulation, which destroyes the democratic and human rights both of the inhabitants ofAppalachians and the hutsuls, living in Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine. The social, cultural andbehavioral aspects of the problem of exclusion and aging of population are analyzed in the article.Peculiarities of aging, cognitive and emotional state of personalities in the period of aging, thepersonality's attitude towards aging and social exclusion reflect the feelings and experience ofpeople and show that they are similar as for residents of Appalachian region and for gutsuls ofCarpathian mountains. In the article it is stressed that social exclusion is dangerous for people ofall ages, especially for people from families, for residents of mountain regions, for orphans anddisabled. Not having sufficient capacity to manage the situation, they all feel powerless and unableto manage their life. That is why most countries of the world pay great attention to overcome socialexclusion. And since the second half of the 90-th the fight with social exclusion is an integral partnot only of the EU's and of the USA's social policy, but it also has become an important direction ofthe social work in Ukraine.